Vlado Chernozemski

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Vlado Chernozemski
Владо Черноземски
Born 19 October 1897(1897-10-19)
Kamenitsa, Principality of Bulgaria[a]
Died 9 October 1934(1934-10-09) (aged 36)
Marseille, France
Nationality Bulgarian
Occupation Assassin, revolutionary
Years active 1922 - 1934
Organization Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
Known for

Assassination of:

Vlado Chernozemski (19 October 1897 – 9 October 1934), born Velichko Dimitrov Kerin (Bulgarian: Величко Димитров Керин), was a Bulgarian revolutionary, who later became the most dangerous terrorist in Europe.[1]

Chernozemski started his revolutionary activity in 1922 when he joined the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO). Soon he becomed assassin of the IMRO. He killed two notable Bulgarian politicians, communsit Dimo Hadzhidimov and IMRO member Naum Tomalevski. Both times he was sentenced to death but he escaped from the first punishment and was released from the second. After he was released from prison in 1932 he becomed instructor for the Ustaše. He trained a group of Ustaše to assassinate the Alexander of Yugoslavia, but at the end he killed him on 9 October 1934. He was beaten by the French police and died the same day.

Contents

[edit] Life

Vlado Chernozemski was born in village Kamenitsa, now part of town Velingrad. His father was Dimitr Kerin and mother Risa née Baltadieva. He attended primary school in his village. As a youngster he was prone to the alcohol, but later he turned to the healthy life and become a vegetarian. He was a recruit in Plovdiv. During the World War I, Chernozemski served in engineer troops. He married in 1919. After the war he worked as a driver and watchmaker. In 1923 he got daughter Latinka. In 1925 he divorced, and again married and lived in Sofia until 1932 when every trace of him was lost. He was identified in 1934 after he assassinated the Yugoslav King Alexander in Marseilles.

[edit] Revolutionary activity

[edit] Chetnik of the IMRO

Chernozemski joined the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (VMRO) in 1922 in unit of Voivode Ivan Barlyo. The legend about Vlado the Driver (Bulgarian: Владо Шофьор) appeared in Macedonia[disambiguation needed ] since he worked for company in Dupnitsa as a driver for a shorter time. In early 1920s he moved to Bansko when the Macedonian liberation organization was founded by Todor Alexandrov. From 1923 to 1924 he was member of Trayan Lakavishki's cheta. As a rebel he was in towns Štip, Kočani and Radoviš.Chernozemski also entered the region of Vardar Macedonia with IMRO bands and participated in more than 15 battles with the Yugoslav police.[2] Soon he become one of the best marksmen in the organization[2] and got known for his courage, sangfroid and discipline.

In 1924 Todor Alexandrov was invited to visit Sofia and Chernozemski performed special assignments for the Central Committee of the VMRO. After death of Alexandrov in the same year, the Macedonian emigration in Sofia used the chance for settlement od disputies within the organization.

[edit] Assassin of the IMRO

Unit of Voivode Trajan Lakashki c. 1920; second from the left is Vlado Chernozemski

The new leader of IMRO Ivan Mihailov, assigned Chernozemski to assassinate member of the Communist Party of Bulgaria and former IMRO member, MP Dimo Hadzhidimov. In 1924 Chernozemski was sentenced on death with hanging, but the punishment was never executed. In 1925 Chernozemski escaped from the police escort. His readiness on sacrifice was near fanaticism.

In 1927, Chernozemski proposed to the Central Committee of the IMRO to enter and detonate the main conference building of the League of Nations in Paris, with grenades attached to his person, in order to attract the attention of the world publicity over the question of the Bulgarians in Macedonia, but his proposal was not accepted.[2]

In year 1930, Chernozemski, following oreder of Mihailov, assassinated another member of the IMRO, Naum Tomalevski and his bodyguard. Tomalevski was prominent member of the IMRO. He was Mayor of Kruševo and one of the founders of the Macedonian Scientific Institute. For the second time, Chernozemski was sentenced to death, but he was pardoned in 1932. In 1929 the leadership of IMRO called Ante Pavelić and Ustaše on cooperation.

[edit] Leading European terrorist

1934-10-17 King Alexander Assassination.ogv
Newsreel showing the murder of King Alexander of Yugoslavia and French Foreign Minister Louis Barthou in Marseilles
A newspaper headline mentioning assassination of Alexander

After his release from the prison, Chernozemski disappeared. He secretly moved to Italy where he become instructor for the Ustaše in camp in Borgetoro.[3]

Soon, he was transferred to the Ustaše camp in Janka Puszta in Hungary. Major plan of Ustaše was assassination of Yugoslav King Alexander I of Yugoslavia. Chernozemski was instructor of the group that was preparing to assassinate the king. Chernozemski concluded that members of the group aren't prepered psychologicly so he decided to assassinate the king. He assassinated Alexander I of Yugoslavia on 9 October 1934 in French port Marseille.[4] Before the assassination, Chernozemski was holding a bouquet of flowers with a hiden gun in it and chauting "Vive le roi" (long live the king) wich enabled him to get close to the king's car. After the assassination he was beaten with batons and brought in for questioning. Since he was in bad condition, he was unable to say anything and died in the same day, 10 days before his 37th birthday. French police was unable to identify him, they only registered his tattoo, a scull with crossed bones and sign "V. M. R. O.". He was buried at unknown place and only two detectives and gravediggers were present at the funeral.

By murdering Alexander, Chernozemski was considered the most dangerous terrorist in Europe at the time.[5][6]

He was also thought to have shot and killed French Foreign Minister Louis Barthou until 1974, when it was revealed that the bullet actually came from a French policeman reacting to the shooting of King Alexander.[citation needed]


[edit] Gallery

  • Chernozemski in Ustaše uniform in 1934.

  • Memorial stone of Vlado in Kamenitsa, Bulgaria.

  • The central street in Kamenitsa - „Владо Черноземски“.

  • The automatic pistol of Vlado Chernozemski with which he shot and killed King Alexander of Yugoslavia.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Vlado Chernozemski

[edit] References

  1. ^
  2. ^ a b c Билярски, Цочо (2006). Иван Михайлов в обектива на полиция, дипломация, разузнаване и преса. Издателство Св. Климент Охридски. pp. 198. ISBN 978-954-9384-07-9.  (Bulgarian)
  3. ^ Марков, Георги (1994). Камбаните бият сами: Насилие и политика в България 1919-1947. Георги Победоносец. p. 108.  (Bulgarian)
  4. ^ Rothschild, Joseph (1959). The Communist Party of Bulgaria; Origins and Development, 1883-1936. Columbia University Press. pp. 277–278. 
  5. ^ Гаджев, Иван (2003). История на българската емиграция в Северна Америка: поглед отвърте. Илия Т. Гаджев. p. 259.  (Bulgarian)
  6. ^ България 20-ти век. Илия Т. Гаджев. 2000. p. 1127.  (Bulgarian)

[edit] External links

[edit] Notes

a.   ^ Following the Liberation of Bulgaria in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78, Bulgaria re-established self-rule. Subject to the Congress of Berlin in 1878, Bulgaria was denied outright independence but achieved suzerain status as the Principality of Bulgaria, a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. Bulgaria achieved full independence in 1908 before becoming a kingdom.
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