Vladikavkaz
| Vladikavkaz (English) Владикавказ (Russian) Дзæуджыхъæу (Ossetic) |
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 View of the Terek and the city's historic mosque |
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.svg) Location of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania in Russia |
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 Vladikavkaz
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| Coordinates: 43°01′N 44°39′E / 43.017°N 44.65°ECoordinates: 43°01′N 44°39′E / 43.017°N 44.65°E | |
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| City Day | First Sunday of July[citation needed] |
| Administrative status | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Republic of North Ossetia–Alania |
| Capital of | Republic of North Ossetia–Alania[citation needed] |
| Municipal status | |
| Urban okrug | Vladikavkaz Urban Okrug[citation needed] |
| Head[citation needed] | Sergey Dzantiyev[citation needed] |
| Representative body | Assembly of Representatives[citation needed] |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 220 km2 (85 sq mi)[citation needed] |
| Population (2010 Census, preliminary) |
311,635 inhabitants[1] |
| - Rank in 2010 | 60th |
| Population (2002 Census) | 315,068 inhabitants[2] |
| - Rank in 2002 | 59th |
| Density (2011) | 2,391 /km2 (6,190 /sq mi)[citation needed] |
| Time zone | [3] |
| Founded | May 6, 1784[4] |
| Previous names | Ordzhonikidze (until 1944),[4] Dzaudzhikau (until 1954),[4] Ordzhonikidze (until 1990)[4] |
| Postal code(s) | 362000[citation needed] |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 8672[citation needed] |
| Official website | |
Vladikavkaz (Russian: Владикавказ; IPA: [vlədʲɪkɐfˈkas], lit. ruler of the Caucasus; Ossetic: Дзæуджыхъæу, Dzæwdžyqæw, lit. Dzaug's settlement) is the capital city of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania in southern Russia. It is located in the southeast of the republic at the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains, situated on the Terek River. Population: 311,635 (2010 Census preliminary results);[1] 315,068 (2002 Census);[2] 300,198 (1989 Census).[5] Vladikavkaz is one of the most populous cities in the North Caucasus.
The city is an industrial and transportation center. Manufactures include processed zinc and lead, machinery, chemicals, clothing, and food products.
Contents |
[edit] History
The city was founded in 1784 as a fortress during the Russian conquest of the Caucasus and was for many years the main Russian military base in the region. The Georgian Military Highway, crossing the mountains, was constructed in 1799 to link the city with Georgia to the south, and in 1875 a railway was built to connect it to Rostov-on-Don and Baku in Azerbaijan. Vladikavkaz has become an important industrial centre for the region, with smelting, refining, chemicals and manufacturing industries.
From 1931 to 1944 and from 1954 to 1990 its name in both Russian and Ossetian languages was Ordzhonikidze (Орджоники́дзе) (after Sergo Ordzhonikidze, a Georgian Bolshevik), and from 1944 to 1954 it was officially called Dzaudzhikau (Дзауджика́у) in Russian and Dzæudjyqæu in Ossetic. Vladikavkaz resumed its old Russian name, in 1990, shortly before the disintegration of the Soviet Union; the official Ossetic name was reverted to Dzæudjyqæu.
Vladikavkaz was fought over in both the Russian Civil War and Second World War. In February 1919, the anti-Communist Volunteer Army under General Anton Denikin seized the city, before being expelled by the Red Army in March 1920. In November 1942, the forces of Nazi Germany tried unsuccessfully to seize the city but were repelled.
In 1999, 2008, and 2010, Vladikavkaz was a target of bombings.
On November 26, 2008, Vitaly Karayev, the mayor of Vladikavkaz was killed by an unknown gunman.[6] On 31 December, his successor, Kazbek Pagiyev, was also killed by unknown gunmen.[7]
[edit] Transport
The city is served by the bus network (marshrutkas). There are also tram (since 1904) and trolleybus (since 1977) networks. There is railway terminal (vokzal) in Vladikavkaz.
The city is served by Beslan Airport located 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) from the city.
The Georgian Military Road, which is a part of European route E117, starts in Vladikavkaz and it connects the city with the South Caucasus.
[edit] Sports
FC Alania Vladikavkaz is a football club based in Vladikavkaz, who won the Russian Premier League in 1995.
[edit] Ethnic groups
Ethnic groups in the city (2002 data):
[edit] Religion
The city's population has Eastern Orthodox Christians and adherents of Islam.
[edit] Climate
Vladikavkaz experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb) with warm, wet summers and cold, drier winters (though very mild for Russia).
| Climate data for Vladikavkaz | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 19.6 (67.3) |
23.0 (73.4) |
30.3 (86.5) |
34.0 (93.2) |
35.0 (95.0) |
38.0 (100.4) |
37.5 (99.5) |
39.2 (102.6) |
38.2 (100.8) |
33.5 (92.3) |
27.0 (80.6) |
27.1 (80.8) |
39.2 (102.6) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 3.0 (37.4) |
3.2 (37.8) |
7.7 (45.9) |
14.8 (58.6) |
19.4 (66.9) |
23.2 (73.8) |
25.7 (78.3) |
25.4 (77.7) |
20.8 (69.4) |
15.1 (59.2) |
8.4 (47.1) |
4.3 (39.7) |
14.3 (57.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.9 (28.6) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
3.0 (37.4) |
9.5 (49.1) |
14.1 (57.4) |
18.0 (64.4) |
20.6 (69.1) |
20.1 (68.2) |
15.6 (60.1) |
9.8 (49.6) |
3.6 (38.5) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
9.2 (48.6) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −5.6 (21.9) |
−5.7 (21.7) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
5.1 (41.2) |
9.6 (49.3) |
13.5 (56.3) |
16.1 (61.0) |
15.7 (60.3) |
11.2 (52.2) |
5.7 (42.3) |
0.1 (32.2) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
5.1 (41.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −27.2 (−17.0) |
−27.8 (−18.0) |
−22 (−7.6) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
2.2 (36.0) |
7.5 (45.5) |
6.0 (42.8) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−10 (14.0) |
−22.2 (−8.0) |
−25 (−13.0) |
−27.8 (−18.0) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 31 (1.22) |
34 (1.34) |
54 (2.13) |
85 (3.35) |
140 (5.51) |
175 (6.89) |
109 (4.29) |
89 (3.5) |
75 (2.95) |
60 (2.36) |
46 (1.81) |
31 (1.22) |
929 (36.57) |
| Avg. precipitation days | 6 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 14 | 14 | 11 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 106 |
| Source no. 1: Pogoda.ru.net[8] | |||||||||||||
| Source no. 2: World Meteorological Organisation (UN) [9] | |||||||||||||
[edit] Temples
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Ossetian Church in Vladikavkaz
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Armenian Church
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New Church in Vladikavkaz
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The Sunni Mosque in Vladikavkaz (1908)
[edit] Notable structures
In Vladikavkaz, there is a guyed TV mast, 198-meter (650 ft) tall, built in 1961, which has six crossbars with gangways in two levels running from the mast structure to the guys.
[edit] International relations
[edit] Twin towns/sister cities
Vladikavkaz is twinned with:
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2011). "Предварительные итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года (Preliminary results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/results-inform.php. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
- ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
- ^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication).
- ^ a b c d Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 75. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
- ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров. (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)" (in Russian). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg.php. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
- ^ "Europe | Southern Russia mayor gunned down". BBC News. 2008-11-26. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7749500.stm. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
- ^ "Itar-Tass". Itar-Tass. http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=13437548&PageNum=0. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
- ^ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). http://www.pogoda.ru.net/climate/37228.htm. Retrieved September 8, 2007.
- ^ "World Weather Information Service – Wladikavkaz". United Nations. http://worldweather.wmo.int/107/c01035.htm. Retrieved 31 December 2010.
[edit] External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Vladikavkaz |
- City of Vladikavkaz (Russian)
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