Voiced alveolar stop
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Voiced alveolar stop | |
|---|---|
| d | |
| IPA number | 104 |
| Encoding | |
| Entity (decimal) | d |
| Unicode (hex) | U+0064 |
| X-SAMPA | d |
| Kirshenbaum | d |
| Sound | |
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The voiced alveolar stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiced dental, alveolar, and postalveolar stops is ⟨d⟩ (although the symbol ⟨d̪⟩ can be used to distinguish the dental stop, and ⟨d̠⟩ the postalveolar), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is d.
Contents |
Features[edit]
Features of the voiced alveolar stop:
- Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with no nasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is a stop.
- Its place of articulation is alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
Occurrence[edit]
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adyghe | дахэ | [daːxa] | 'pretty' | |||
| Czech | do | [do] | 'into' | See Czech phonology | ||
| Dutch[1] | dak | [dɑk] | 'roof' | See Dutch phonology | ||
| English | daddy | [dædɪ] | 'daddy' | See English phonology | ||
| Finnish | sidos | [ˈsido̞s] | 'bond' | See Finnish phonology | ||
| German | Dach | [dax] | 'roof' | See German phonology | ||
| Greek | ντροπή dropí | [dro̞ˈpi] | 'shame' | See Modern Greek phonology | ||
| Hebrew | דואר | ['doʔaʁ] | 'mail' | See Modern Hebrew phonology | ||
| Hungarian | adó | [ˈɒdoː] | 'tax' | See Hungarian phonology | ||
| Indonesian[2] | dacing | [ˈdätʃɪŋ] | 'balance scale' | |||
| Japanese[3] | 男性的 danseiteki | [danseiteki] | 'masculine' | See Japanese phonology | ||
| Kabardian | дахэ | [daːxa] | 'pretty' | |||
| Korean | 아들 adeul | [adɯl] | 'son' | See Korean phonology | ||
| Macedonian | дрво | [ˈdr̩vɔ] | 'tree' | See Macedonian phonology | ||
| Malay | dahan | [dähän] | 'branch' | |||
| Maltese | dehen | [den] | 'wit' | |||
| Norwegian | dans | [dɑns] | 'dance' | See Norwegian phonology | ||
| Slovak | do |  [do] (help·info) |
'into' | |||
| Thai | ดาว | [daːu] | 'star' | |||
| West Frisian | doarp | [ˈdwɑrp] | 'village' | |||
| Yi | ꄿ dda | [da˧] | 'competent' | |||
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Gussenhoven (1992:45)
- ^ Soderberg & Olson (2008:210)
- ^ Okada (1991:94)
Bibliography[edit]
- Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X
- Maddieson, Ian (1984), Patterns of Sound, Camebridge University Press
- Okada, Hideo (1991), "Phonetic Representation:Japanese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 21 (2): 94–97, doi:10.1017/S002510030000445X
- Soderberg, Craig D.; Olson, Kenneth S. (2008), "Indonesian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 38 (2): 209–213
