Voiced labial-velar plosive

Voiced labial-velar plosive
ɡ͡b
IPA number	110 (102)
Encoding
Entity (decimal)	ɡ​͡​b
Unicode (hex)	U+0261 U+0361 U+0062
Sound

The voiced labial–velar plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. It is a [ɡ] and [b] pronounced simultaneously. To make this sound, say go, but close your lips as if you were saying Bo; release your lips at the same times as or a fraction of a second after you pronounce the g of go. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɡ͡b⟩.

The voiced labial–velar plosive is commonly found in West and Central Africa, as in Laurent Gbagbo, former president of Ivory Coast. Its voiceless counterpart is voiceless labial–velar plosive, [k͡p].

Features

Features of the voiced labial–velar plosive:

• Its manner of articulation is stop, or plosive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. (The term plosive contrasts with nasal stops, where the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.)
• Its place of articulation is labial–velar, which means it is simultaneously articulated with the lips and with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate (the velum). The dorsal closure is made and released slightly before the labial closure, but they overlap for most of their duration.
• Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
• It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
• It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
• The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Ega		[ɡ͡bá]		'finish'
Ewe		Ewegbe	[ɛβɛɡ͡be]	'the Ewe language'
Kalabari		ágbá	[áɡ͡bá]	'paint'
Mono		gba	[ɡ͡ba]	'moisten'
Temne		kʌ gbara	[kʌ ɡ͡bara]	'Coconut'

See also

• List of phonetics topics

Bibliography

• Connell, Bruce; Ahoua, Firmin; Gibbon, Dafydd (2002), "Ega", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 32 (1): 99–104, doi:10.1017/S002510030200018X 
• Harry, Otelemate (2003), "Kalaḅarị-Ịjo", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (1): 113–120, doi:10.1017/S002510030300121X 
• Ladefoged, Peter (1964), A phonetic study of West African languages, Cambridge University Press 
• Olson, Kenneth (2004), "Mono", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (2): 233–238, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001744