Voiceless uvular stop
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(Redirected from Voiceless uvular plosive)
| Voiceless uvular stop | |
|---|---|
| q | |
| IPA number | 111 |
| Encoding | |
| Entity (decimal) | q |
| Unicode (hex) | U+0071 |
| X-SAMPA | q |
| Kirshenbaum | q |
| Braille |  |
| Sound | |
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|
|
The voiceless uvular stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. It is pronounced like [k], except that the tongue makes contact not on the soft palate but on the uvula. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨q⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is q.
Contents |
Features [edit]
Features of the voiceless uvular stop:
- Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with no nasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is a stop.
- Its place of articulation is uvular, which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue (the dorsum) at the uvula.
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
Occurrence [edit]
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abaza | хъацIа | [qat͡sʼa] | 'man' | ||
| Adyghe | атакъэ |  [ataːqa] (help·info) |
'rooster' | ||
| Aleut[1] | ҟи́гаҟъ / qiighax̂ | [qiːɣaχ] | 'grass' | ||
| Arabic | Standard[2] | قرآن | [qurˈʔaːn] | 'Quran' | See Arabic phonology |
| Archi | хъал | [qaːl] | 'human skin' | ||
| Bashkir | ҡайын | [qɑˈjɯ̞n] (help·info) |
'birch tree' | . | |
| Berber | Kabyle | aqcic | [aqʃiʃ] | 'boy' | |
| Chechen | кхоъ / qo’ | [qɔʔ] | 'three' | ||
| Dawsahak | [qoq] | 'dry' | |||
| English | Multicultural London[3] | cut | [qʌt] | 'cut' | Allophone of /k/ before /ɑː ɒ ʌ/. |
| Eyak | g̣u.jih | [quːtʃih] | 'wolf' | ||
| Greenlandic | illoqarpoq | [iɬːoqaʁpɔq] | 'he has a house' | ||
| Hebrew | Iraqi | קול | [qol] | 'voice' | See Biblical Hebrew phonology |
| Hindi | क़िला | [qɪlaː] | 'fortress' | See Hindi-Urdu phonology | |
| Inuktitut | ᐃ"ᐃᑉᕆᐅᖅᑐᖅ ihipqiuqtuq’ | [ihipɢiuqtuq] | 'explore' | Represented by a <ᕆ>. See Inuit phonology | |
| Iraqw | [qeːt] | 'break' | |||
| Kabardian | къабзэ | [qaːbza] | 'clean' | ||
| Kavalan | qaqa | [qaqa] | 'elder brother' | ||
| Kazakh | Қазақстан | [qɑzɑqˈstɑn] | 'Kazakhstan' | An allophone of the voiceless velar stop before back vowels. | |
| Ket | қан | [qan] | 'begin' | ||
| Klallam | qəmtəm | [qəmtəm] | 'iron' | ||
| Kutenai | qaykiťwu | [qajkitʼwu] | 'nine' | ||
| Nivkh | тяқр̆ | [tʲaqr̥] | 'three' | ||
| Persian | Kermani dialect | قورباغه | [quːrbɒɣe] | 'frog' | See Persian phonology |
| Quechua[4] | qallu | [qaʎu] | 'tongue' | ||
| Sahaptin | qu | [qu] | 'heavy' | ||
| Seediq | Seediq | [ˈsəːdʑɪq] | 'Seediq' | ||
| Seereer-Siin[5] | [example needed] | ||||
| Somali | qaab | [qaːb] | 'shape' | See Somali phonology | |
| St’át’imcets | teq | [təq] | 'to touch' | ||
| Tajik | қошуқ | [qoʃuq] | 'spoon' | ||
| Tlingit | ghagw | [qɐ́kʷ] | 'tree spine' | Tlingit contrasts six different uvular stops | |
| Tsimshian | gwildmḵa̱p'a | [ɡʷildmqɑpʼa] | 'tobacco' | ||
| Ubykh | [maquta] | 'hoe' | See Ubykh phonology | ||
| Urdu | قِلعہ | [qɪlaː] | 'fortress' | See Hindi-Urdu phonology | |
| Uyghur | ئاق aq | [ɑq] | 'white' | ||
| Uzbek | quloq' | [qulɒq] | 'ear' | ||
| Yukaghir | Northern | маарх | [maːrq] | 'one' | |
| Southern | атахл | [ataql] | 'two' | ||
| !Xóõ | !qhàà | [ǃ͡qʰɑ̀ː] | 'water' | ||
See also [edit]
References [edit]
- ^ Ladefoged (2005:165)
- ^ Watson (2002:13)
- ^ Torgerson, Kerswill & Fox (2007)
- ^ Ladefoged (2005:149)
- ^ Mc Laughlin (2005:203)
Bibliography [edit]
- Ladefoged, Peter (2005), Vowels and Consonants (2nd ed.), Blackwell
- Mc Laughlin, Fiona (2005), "Voiceless implosives in Seereer-Siin", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 35 (2): 201–214, doi:10.1017/S0025100305002215
- Torgersen, Eivind; Kerswill, Paul; Fox, Susan (2007), "Phonological innovation in London teenage speech", 4th Conference on Language Variation in Europe
- Watson, Janet (2002), The Phonology and Morphology of Arabic, New York: Oxford University Press
