The Voskhod rocket (Russian: Восход, "ascent", "dawn") was a derivative of the Soviet R-7 ICBM designed for the human spaceflight programme but later used for launching Zenit reconnaissance satellites. It consisted of the Molniya 8K78M third stage minus the Blok L. In 1966, all R-7 variants were equipped with the uprated core stage and strap-ons of the Soyuz 11A511.
All 11A57s launched after 1965 were functionally an 11A511 without the Soyuz's payload shroud and LES. Around 300 were flown from Baikonur and Plesetsk through 1977 (various payloads, but Zenith PHOTINT satellites were the most common) when the newer 11A511U core was adopted.
[edit] Voskhod 11A57
- Stage Number: 0 - Strap-on boosters; 4 x Voskhod 11A57-0
- Gross Mass: 43,400 kg
- Empty Mass: 3,800 kg.
- Thrust (vac): 4 x 995.4 kN = 3,981.5 kN
- Isp: 314 s (3.08 kN·s/kg)
- Burn time: 119 s
- Isp(sl): 257 s (2.52 kN·s/kg)
- Diameter: 2.68 m
- Span: 8 m
- Length: 19.00 m
- Propellants: Lox/Kerosene
- Engines: 4 x RD-107-8D74K
- Stage Number: 1 - Core stage; 1 x Voskhod 11A57-1
- Gross Mass: 100,500 kg
- Empty Mass: 6,800 kg
- Thrust (vac): 941.4 kN
- Isp: 315 s (3.09 kN·s/kg)
- Burn time: 301 s
- Isp(sl): 248 s (2.43 kN·s/kg)
- Diameter: 2.99 m
- Span: 2.60 m
- Length: 28.00 m
- Propellants: Lox/Kerosene
- Engine: 1 x RD-108-8D75K
- Stage Number: 2 - Final Stage; 1 x Voskhod 11A57-2
- Gross Mass: 24,300 kg
- Empty Mass: 2,000 kg
- Thrust (vac): 294.2 kN
- Isp: 330 s (3.24 kN·s/kg)
- Burn time: 240 s
- Diameter: 2.56 m
- Length: 2.84 m
- Propellants: Lox/Kerosene
- Engine: 1 x RD-0108
[edit] See also
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- ‡ – Falcon 1 and 9 were designed for partial reuse, which was never achieved and has now been abandoned, however a fully-reusable Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy are under long-term development.
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