Vranje
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| Vranje Врање |
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| — City — | ||
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| Coordinates: 42°33′N 21°54′E / 42.550°N 21.900°E | ||
| Country |  Serbia |
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| District | Pčinja | |
| Settlements | 105 | |
| Government | ||
| • Mayor | Zoran Antić (SPS) | |
| Area[1] | ||
| • Municipality | 860 km2 (330 sq mi) | |
| Population (2011 census)[2] | ||
| • Town | 54,456 | |
| • Municipality | 82,782 | |
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | |
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | |
| Postal code | 17000 | |
| Area code | +381 17 | |
| Car plates | VR | |
| Website | www.vranje.org.rs | |
Vranje (Serbian: Врање, Vranje, pronounced [ʋrâɲɛ] (
listen)) is a city located in southern Serbia. In 2011 the city administrative area had a total population of 82,782, while the urban area had 54,456. It is the administrative center of the Pčinja District of Serbia.
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Name and history [edit]
In ancient times, various Thracian tribes inhabited present-day Vranje, as well as the Agrianes (a Paeonian tribe) inhabiting the whole of Pčinja District.
The Romans conquered the region in the 2nd and 1st centuries BCE. The Roman fortresses in the Vranje region were abandoned during the Hun attacks in 539–544 AD, these include the localities of Kale at Vranjska Banja and Gradište in Korbevac and Gradište in Prvonek.[3]
Its name stems from the old word for "black" ("vran") in the Serbian language and first appears in the Alexiad (9, 4) by Byzantine princess and scholar Anna Comnena (1083–1153).In the period of Austrian occupation from 1688 to 1692, Vranje was managed by the Von Lahmm family.
During the Ottoman rule, Vranje was part of the Sanjak of Niš.[4]
The front between the Serbian and Bulgarian forces at the time of the 1915 Battle of Ovche Pole in the Serbian Campaign (World War I) stretched near to Vranje.
Geography [edit]
Vranje is the economic, political and cultural center of Pčinja district consisting of Bosilegrad, Bujanovac, Vladičin Han, Preševo, Surdulica, Trgovište and Vranje municipalities. The city is located in the southwest of Vranje valley, on the left bank of the South Morava river. The river and the city are divided by the main road and railway line, which leads: to the north Leskovac (70 km), Niš (110 km) and Belgrade (347 km), and to the south: Kumanovo(56 km), Skopje (91 km) and Thessalonica (354 km).
Vranje is located at base of the mountain Pljačkovica (1231 m), Krstilovice (1154 m) and Pržar (731 m) and it is located 70 km (43 mi) away from the border with Bulgaria, 40 km (25 mi) from the border with the Macedonia, and 30 km (19 mi) from the border with the Republic_of_Kosovo.
Eparchy of Vranje is located in the city and the fourth brigade of the Serbian army is stationed is located there.
Culture [edit]
Vranje was an important Ottoman trading site. The White bridge is a symbol of the city and is called "most ljubavi" (Lovers bridge) after the tale about the forbidden love between the Muslim girl Ajša and Christian Stojan that resulted in the father killing the couple. After that, he built the bridge where he had killed her and had the story in-scripted in Ottoman Arabic. The 11th century Markova kula fortress is in the north of the city. The city has traditional Balkan architecture as well as Ottoman. The well-known theater play “Koštana” by Bora Stanković is placed in Vranje.
Vranje is famous for its popular, old music, lively and melancholic at the same time. The best known music is from the theater piece with music, “Koštana”, by Bora Stanković. This original music style has been renewed recently by taking quite different and quite specific, and more oriental form, with the contribution of rich brass instruments. It is played particularly by the Vranje Roma, who are often referred to as Gypsies (a derogatory term which wrongly implies their Egyptian origin).
Institutions [edit]
- National Museum, (in former Pasha's residence, built in 1765)
- Youth Cultural Centre
- National Library
- Centre for Talents
- Theater "Bora Stankovic"
Tourism [edit]
Vranje is the seat of Pčinja District and as such is a major center for cultural events in the district. Most notable annual events are: Borina nedelja, Stari dani, Dani karanfila (in Vranjska Banja)... Vranje lies close to Besna Kobila mountain and Vranjska Banja, two locations with high potential which are currently underdeveloped. Other locations in and around Vranje with some tourist potential include Prohor Pčinjski monastery, Kale-Krševica, Markovo kale, Pržar, birth-house museum of Bora Stankovic...
Largest hotels are Hotel "Vranje", located near the center and Hotel "Pržar" overlooking the city and the valley. The city has numerous traditional Serbian cuisine as well as international cuisine restaurants and many cafes and bars.
Economy [edit]
Vranje is located in southern Serbia, on Corridor X near the border with Macedonia and Bulgaria. Distance from Thessalonica international harbor is 285 km (177 mi)and distance from the international airports of Skopje and Niš are 90 km (56 mi). Thanks to the excellent transport connections of Vranje, anyone can easily access the markets of southeastern Europe (CEFTA) and the European Union, with all the tax reliefs that Serbia have with these markets. Vranje has a long tradition of industrial production, trade, and tourism and is rich in natural resources, such as forests and geothermal resources.[5]
Until the second half of the 20th century Vranje was a craftsman town. The crafts included: weaving, water-milling, and carriages craft. With the beginning of industrialization in the 1960s, many of these crafts disappeared. In those years, many factories were opened, such as the Tobacco Industry of Vranje (Дуванска индустрија Врање), Simpo, Shoe factory Koštana, cotton plant Yumco, industry of technical goods Alfa Plam, SZP Zavarivač Vranje. In 1961 there were 1525 employees, in 1971, 4374 employees and in 1998, a total of 32 758 employees, of which 28 347 were in business and 4 411 outside of it.[6]
After the Bulldozer revolution in 2000, the number of employees began to drop, due to the closure of many factories like Yumco and Koštana. Employees in 2010 numbered 18 958 and there were 7559 unemployed people. The entire city of Vranje has 59 278 available workers. In Vranje the most common industries are: timber industry, clothing, footwear and furniture, food and beverages, agricultural, textile industry, chemical industry, construction industry, machinery and equipment, and business services. In Vranje there are more than 2,500 small and medium size companies. To potential investors there several industrial sites are available, with plan documents and furnished infrastructure. Among the companies with business locations in the city are: British American Tobacco, Simpo, Sanch, Kenda Farben, Danny style, OMV and Hellenic Petroleum.[5]
In 2010 the City council passed the "Strategy of sustainable development of the city of Vranje from 2010 to 2019," for the achievement of objectives through a transparent and responsible business partnership with industry and the public.[5]
Famous or notable citizens [edit]
- Borisav (Bora) Stanković (* 31 March 1875, Vranje; † 22 October 1927, Belgrade), a Serbian writer.
- Miroslav-Cera Mihajlović, contemporary poet.
- Jovan Hadži-Vasiljević, (1866–1946), historian.
- Djordje Tasić, (1892–1943), one of the most notable Serbian jurists.
- Justin Popović (1894–1979), theologian and philosopher.
- Physicians: Dr. Franjo Kopsa († 1898); Dr. Dragoljub Mihajlović († 1980).
- Scientists: Dejan Stojkovic (Ph.D. physics, professor in USA), Marjan Bosković, (MD), anatomy professor; Dragan Pavlović, (MD); Dragoslav Mitrinović, mathematician.
- Painters: Jovica Dejanovic, Miodrag Stankovic-Dage, Zoran Petrusijević-Zop, Suzana Stojanović.
- Musicians: Bakija Bakić († 1989), Stanisa Stosić († 2008).
- Curators: Jelena Veljkovic, Marko Stamenković.
- Architects: Milan Stamenkovic (Moscow Architectural Institute State Academy), Nebojsa Nikolic, Atelje BS
- Aleksandar Davinic: journalist, satirist.
Demographics [edit]
Population of Vranje has been permanently refreshed by the newcomers from its surroundings as well by the Serb refugees who emigrated from Kosovo and Metohija during the last 2 decades. The last wave of emigration was in 1999, following the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia.
Population of the city in history:
- 1093: 3,900 ( first appears in the Alexiad by Byzantine princess and scholar Anna Comnena)
- 1386: 5,800 (Vranje was capital of Caesar Ugljesa′s country)
- 1800: 10,654
- 1878: 15,875
- 1900: 27,586
- 1905: 34,110
- 1910: 39,487
- 1921: 43,221
- 1931: 48,817
- 1941: 53,000 (estimate)
- 1948: 32,472
- 1953: 49,690
- 1961: 54,261
- 1971: 65,959
- 1981: 76,094
- 1991: 85,122
- 2002: 94,052
- 2011: 82,782
Municipalities [edit]
The city of Vranje includes two municipalities: Vranje and Vranjska Banja.[7]
Municipal area of two municipalities of Vranje includes the following settlements:
Ethnic groups (2002 census) [edit]
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This article is outdated. (November 2011) |
Ethnic groups in the city:
- Serbs = 51,418
- Roma = 2,619
- others
See also [edit]
External links [edit]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Vranje |
References [edit]
- ^ "Municipalities of Serbia, 2006". Statistical Office of Serbia. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
- ^ "2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in The Republic of Serbia: Ethnicity - Data by municipalities and cities". Statistical Office of Republic Of Serbia, Belgrade. 2012. ISBN 978-86-6161-023-3. Retrieved 2012-11-30.
- ^ http://www.rastko.rs/arheologija/delo/13047
- ^ Godišnjak grada Beograda. Museum of the Belgrade. 1977. p. 116. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ^ a b c Агенција за страна улагања и промоцију извоза Републике Србије (СИЕПА) – Град Врање
- ^ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedgrad_vranje(see the help page). - ^ http://media.popis2011.stat.rs/2011/prvi_rezultati.pdf
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