WRKO

WRKO

City of license	Boston, Massachusetts
Broadcast area	New England
Branding	AM 680 WRKO
Slogan	"Boston's Talk Station"
Frequency	680 kHz
Repeaters	WAAF 107.3 MHz HD-3 WKAF 97.7 MHz HD-3
First air date	1922
Format	Talk radio
Language	English
Power	50,000 watts
Class	B
Facility ID	1902
Transmitter coordinates	42.490278°N 71.218056°W / 42.490278; -71.218056
Callsign meaning	Radio-Keith-Orpheum Corporation later RKO General.
Former callsigns	WNAC (1922-1967)
Affiliations	NBC News (1981-1995) ABC News (1995-present)
Owner	Entercom
Sister stations	WEEI-FM, WKAF, WAAF, WEEI
Webcast	Listen Live
Website	wrko.com

WRKO (680 AM) is a radio station based in Boston, Massachusetts, currently owned by Entercom. Its transmitter is located in Burlington, Massachusetts, next to the Burlington Mall.

History

The complete history of WRKO, complete with airchecks and official reproductions, may be found at http://wrko.org.

1920-1940

Founded in 1922 and settling on 1230 kilocycles (kilohertz) a few years later, WNAC was founded by John Shepard III, a Boston businessman whose father John Shepard Jr. had a department-store empire throughout New England and saw the potential of radio to publicize himself and his stores enough to finance his son's venture. The previous month WEAN (another Shepard-owned radio station) went on air in Providence, Rhode Island. In 1927, WNAC became one of the sixteen charter members of the CBS Radio Network, and remained a CBS affiliate for the next decade.

In July 1929, WNAC moved into new studios inside the basement of the Hotel Buckminster. Later that same year, using a 100-foot antenna connected by a clothesline to the building's roof, WNAC arranged the first network broadcast in radio history with station WEAF in New York City.

Shepard also launched a regional network to serve radio stations throughout New England; called "The Yankee Network", it was also a pioneer in radio news coverage. For many years, the Yankee Network was one of the best local/regional radio news operations in the country.

Shepard also purchased a second Boston station, WAAB, which became an affiliate of the Mutual Radio Network in 1935. He also launched a second regional network, "The Colonial Network", with WAAB as its flagship station. Outside of Boston, Yankee and Colonial programming were usually heard on the same station; additionally, Colonial carried Mutual programming to its affiliates.

Between them, Yankee and Colonial carried home games of the Boston Red Sox and Boston Braves baseball teams and the Boston Bruins hockey team.

1935 also saw the hiring of Fred B. Cole, a young announcer who would spend more than 50 years on the air, most of them in Boston at various stations. Cole left WNAC for WHDH in 1946.

In 1937, WNAC became an NBC Red affiliate after losing CBS to WEEI. Four years later, WNAC's frequency changed to 1260 kilocycles (kHz). In 1942, to comply with FCC anti-duopoly regulations, WAAB was moved to Worcester. At the same time, WNAC lost NBC Red to WBZ and with WAAB having been moved, took over the Mutual affiliation.

1940-1981

In December, 1942, announcement was made of the sale of Winter Street Corp., the holding company for Shepard family interests, to General Tire and Rubber for $1.24 million. Winter Street was the corporate parent of the Yankee Network Inc. which owned the Colonial Network and four AM and two FM stations. Winter Street was controlled by trusts set up for two of the children of founder John Shephard Jr., John Shephard III, general manager of WNAC and Yankee, and Robert Shephard, who managed the family's remaining department store in Providence. The transactions, and the closing of the Shepard Stores location in Boston, were viewed as a strategy to convert the elder Shepard's assets to cash. John Shepard III remained with the station as general manager under a five year contract. Later that same month, the FCC approved the transaction after securing an affidavit from General Tire's president that "no better deal" would be offered the tire company to buy "time, facilities and services" on Yankee Network stations, and that General Tire would "never" use its ownership to gain an unfair advertising advantage over competitors. Some 40 years later, the company was forced to exit broadcasting for reasons including illegal reciprocal trade agreements. In addition to WNAC and the two networks. the sale included WEAN, Providence; WAAB, Worcester; WICC, Bridgeport, Conn. and experimental FM stations in Paxton, Mass. and Mt. Washington, N.H.

In 1947, the FCC denied a request to allow WNAC to move to 1200 kHz and boost its power to a directional 50,000 watt signal.

In 1953, General Tire bought 50,000 watt WLAW (licensed to Lawrence, Massachusetts, some 25 miles north of Boston, but with transmitter in Burlington, Massachusetts, which is much closer to Boston) and took over the 680 frequency that June, selling-off their old 1260 license to Vic Diehm and Associates, who renamed the station WVDA.

For a brief time in 1956 and 1957, WNAC was affiliated with both Mutual and NBC after WBZ dropped NBC programming. The station remained a Mutual affiliate until the network, of which General Tire was a part-owner, was sold in the late 1950s. WNAC lost NBC to WEZE (the station, ironically, that took over WNAC's original 1260 frequency) in 1957, and would lose Mutual as well.

After MOR music, a brief attempt at top-40, and a format featuring a variety of talk programs, major changes came to WNAC in March 1967. The station's call letters were changed to WRKO, the format to Top 40 rock and roll, and the Yankee Network ceased to exist.

The move to a top-40 rock format in March 1967 was an enormous success. For the next decade, WRKO was one of Boston's top-rated radio stations, and absolutely dominant among its target audience of listeners under the age of 35. Known to its listeners as "The Big 68" and a Top 40 station of considerable influence, WRKO was home to such well-known personalities as longtime morning man Dale Dorman, Joel Cash, J. J. Wright, J. J. Jeffrey, Shadoe Stevens, Frank Kingston Smith (who was known as "Bobby Mitchell"), Steve Anthony and many others. Mel Phillips, who replaced Bob Henabery as program director, served in that position from 1967 to 1972 before being replaced by Scotty Brink.

WRKO in 1967 even took a dig at market leader WBZ, a Westinghouse station that played pop music. In advance of WRKO's format change to top 40, WBZ tried to get in front of WRKO by adopting the slogan "Boss Radio" (used on famous RKO General top 40 station KHJ in Los Angeles). WRKO, in response, was rumored to have had their DJs reading a liner that said "WRKO, putting the Boss in the Restinghouse." WRKO did ultimately drive WBZ out of the top 40 format, but certainly didn't retire its competitor.

By the end of the 1970s, however, rock and top-40 radio had begun to migrate from AM to FM. In a three-year period from 1978 to 1981, WRKO lost much of its audience. The station tried to compete with the surge in FM listening, first with a short-lived focus on album cuts and later by switching to more of an Adult Contemporary music format, featuring a morning program with market legend Norm Nathan. A switch to a country music format was also reportedly briefly considered. In 1980, WRKO began having talk programming during evening hours. On September 27, 1981, the station switched to an all-talk format: at 6pm on that date Justin Clark played the last song, "American Pie" by Don McLean. WRKO has been a news and talk station ever since.

1981-Present

After switching to the talk radio format, the station ran a number of service-oriented and general chat programs during the day. Moving to more issue-oriented talk, the station's popularity surged, with some of the most prominent talk-program hosts in the country such as Gene Burns, Jerry Williams, Ted O'Brien and Paul Parent. The station was often the highest-rated station in Boston during the 1980s and early 1990s. But while WRKO was growing and changing formats, its parent company, General Tire and Rubber, later renamed Gencorp, was under multiple federal investigations and ultimately under an FCC investigation due to its "lack of candor" for failing to disclose unlawful operations by General Tire. In the midst of the investigation into its parent company's problems, RKO General found itself under investigation for reciprocal trace practices involving several of its properties, and later for double billing by a radio network it organized, the RKO Network. The FCC license hearings culminated in the loss of the company's license to operate WNAC-TV, Channel 7 in Boston.

Several years later, the FCC denied renewal of all RKO General's broadcast licenses (with the exception of WOR-TV in Secaucus, N.J. which gained a permanent license by agreeing to relocate to New Jersey from New York City) and assigned the licenses to designated competing applicants. Gencorp appealed, but rather than be stripped of the valuable licenses without compensation, the company's broadcasting subsidiary, RKO General, entered settlement agreements with the competing applicants that allowed the sale of its stations to third parties by making settlement payments to the applicants that had been awarded the licenses. At the time, Gencorp was strapped for cash as the result of a hostile takeover bid, during which time the management decided to buy back the company's own stock to fend off the takeover. As part of the settlements worked out in Boston, New York, Memphis, Chicago, Ft. Lauderdale, Los Angeles and San Francisco, WRKO and its FM sister station, WROR, were sold to a neophyte broadcaster, Atlantic Ventures Corp., which was operated by a former cable television executive.

After several mergers, Atlantic Ventures (renamed American Radio Systems) decided that owning broadcast and cellular telephone towers was its preferred business and merged with CBS, Inc. WRKO was spun off to Entercom since the merger brought CBS over FCC ownership limits.

The station was the flagship radio station of the 16-time National Basketball Association champion Boston Celtics from 2005-2007. Entercom Communications in Boston (parent company for WRKO and its sister station, Sports Radio WEEI) assumed the broadcast rights in 2005 from WWZN and WRKO became the flagship station. Beginning in 2007, Entercom moved most of its Celtics coverage to WEEI.

WRKO was, from 1986 to 1994, the flagship station for the Boston Red Sox. In 2006, Entercom inked a 10-year deal to make WRKO co-flagship station for the Red Sox Radio Network along with incumbent WEEI. WRKO airs most night games, while WEEI generally carries day games plus any weeknight game on a specific day of the week. WEEI once again became the sole flagship station on August 26, 2009.

The station began streaming its broadcast online in April 2005.

Programming

Current programs

Programming consists largely of nationally-syndicated conservative programs, with local talent in some daytime slots.

The nationally syndicated programs are Laura Ingraham (a portion of her program provided by tape delay) at midday, Michael Savage and Jerry Doyle in evenings, and Red Eye Radio overnight.

Locally-produced programming includes a morning-drive show with former Democratic state House of Representatives Speaker Tom Finneran and co-host Todd Feinburg [1], a two-hour money talk program hosted by Barry Armstrong, and a two-hour afternoon show hosted by Jennifer Brien. Conservative Boston Herald columnist Howie Carr hosts The Howie Carr Show during afternoon drive time.

Notable Saturday programming includes syndicated shows The Doug Stephan Weekend Show, Money Talk with Bob Brinker, and shows by Jerry Doyle, Larry Kudlow, and Dennis Miller; and a two-hour local show hosted by Avi Nelson. Notable Sunday programming includes "Garden Sense," the syndicated "Unconventional Wisdom," "Senior Financial Focus," "The Pat Whitley Restaurant Show," the syndicated "Money Talk with Bob Brinker," and "Pundit Review Radio" with Kevin Whalen. Some weekend slots are filled with repeats of weekday programs and with infomercials.

News

On November 16, 2006, all on-air news anchors were fired. WGBH's Beat the Press reported that they were informed individually and received severance pay. WRKO hired Metro Networks to provide hourly news updates, including traffic and weather, during the day. WRKO said in announcing the decision that the station's local news and issues would be driven by the talk show hosts, instead of the news anchors. Former news director Rod Fritz can now be heard on rival WBZ in Boston, after spending a year in New York at Fox News. Metro's Bruce Adams is now the lead anchor.

Skyway Patrol

Aerial traffic reports were named "Skyway Patrol" by the old WHDH radio in 1961. When Entercom moved WEEI's call letters and programming to the old home of WHDH radio, it moved Skyway Patrol to WRKO. Since the layoff of the news department in November 2006, Metro Networks has provided traffic reports, still styled "Skyway Patrol," with reporters Malcolm Alter, Bruce Adams, Joe Stapleton, Steve Hartman, Scott Pike, Mike Riley and Lisa Jackson.

Massachusetts state trooper Grant Moulison, who for 21 years reported to WRKO listeners on the morning and afternoon drivetime situations, left in April 2006 after retiring from the force with 32 years of service behind him. Matt Hillas reported for "Skyway Patrol" from May 1999 to June 2006.

Past programs

On November 3, 2006, the station fired host John DePetro for his on-air description of gubernatorial candidate Grace Ross as a "fat lesbian".[2] His 9am - noon time slot was taken by Todd Feinburg.

On January 11, 2007, former Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, Tom Finneran, replaced Scott Allen Miller as the morning drive-time host. Feinburg was added as a co-host on January 5, 2009, and the show time was shifted from 6-10 am to 5:30-9.

On December 19, 2007, Reese Hopkins took over the 10am - noon time slot from Todd Feinburg. Hopkins was let go on October 16, 2008 and the time slot was filled by Laura Ingraham's nationally syndicated talk show.

WRKO had aired The Rush Limbaugh Show on early afternoons and "Coast to Coast AM" with George Noory for years, but their syndicator, the Premiere division of Clear Channel, moved both shows to its own station, WXKS AM 1200, nicknaming that station "Rush Radio."

Local talk hosts John "Ozone" Osterlind and Scott Allen Miller have also had programs on WRKO in recent years.

External links

• WRKO official website
• The Big 68 Remembered - A retrospective of WRKO's history as the most popular Top 40 music station in Boston
• Query the FCC's AM station database for WRKO
• Radio-Locator Information on WRKO
• Query Arbitron's AM station database for WRKO

Preceded by first	Radio Home of the Boston Red Sox 1926–1938 (as WNAC)	Succeeded by 1440 WAAB 1939–1942 (split with WNAC, 1942)

Preceded by 1440 WAAB 1939–1942

Radio Home of the Boston Red Sox 1942–1946 (as WNAC; split with 1440 WAAB, 1942)

Succeeded by 850 WHDH 1947–1975

Preceded by 1510 WMEX/WITS 1976–1982

Radio Home of the Boston Red Sox 1986–1994 (split with 99.1 WPLM-FM, 1983–1989)

Succeeded by 850 WEEI 1995–present

Preceded by 850 WEEI 1995–present

Radio Home of the Boston Red Sox 2007–August 25, 2009 (split with WEEI)

Succeeded by 850 WEEI 1995–present