Shenyang WS-10
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| WS-10 | |
|---|---|
| Type | Turbofan |
| National origin | PRC |
| Manufacturer | Shenyang Liming Aircraft Engine Company |
| Major applications | Shenyang J-11 Chengdu J-10 Shenyang J-15 |
The Shenyang Liming WS-10 (or WS10, WS stands for Woshan, Chinese: 涡扇, meaning turbofan), codename Taihang, is a copy of Russian turbofan engine by the People's Republic of China. WS-10A is already being used to power J-11B. In the next year or two, China plans to use this engine to power the Chengdu J-10 aircraft that currently feature Russian Saturn AL-31FN turbofan engines.[1][2]
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[edit] Development and design
The WS-10 project had it roots in the earlier WS-6 turbofan, which was abandoned at the start of the 1980s.[3] Development of the WS-10 started in 1987 by Shenyang Aeroengine Research Institute (606 Institute) of the China Aviation Industry Corporation and was based upon the core of CFM International CFM56 engines imported from the United States in 1982. This core itself deriving from the F16's GE F101 engines. The original WS-10 was found to lack the performance needed for modern jet-powered fighters and was never used to power an aircraft. The design was modified and an improved version, the WS-10A, was tested on a prototype Shenyang J-11 fighter in 2002.[4]
In 2005 it was reported that, according to Russian sources familiar with China's WS-10A turbofan development project, WS-10A was being developed to be slightly more powerful than the Saturn/Alyuka AL-31. The sources noted that China was encountering problems with meeting weight reduction goals for the WS-10A's primary and secondary compressors and had problems meeting thrust requirements. It was also stated that Chinese thrust vectoring technology was under development for the WS-10A.[5] The Chinese media also reported in 2005 that the WS-10A had completed 4 months endurance testing and the engine was later certified for production in 2006.
According to an interview publicised in January 2007 with J-10 pilot Li Cunbao (李存宝), the J-10 had not yet been equipped with the domestic WS-10 engine, because although the WS-10 could match the performance of its Russian counterpart (the AL-31), there was a serious drawback; the WS-10 took longer to "spool up", i.e. there was a delay in reaching the same thrust output as the Russian engine.
WS-10A is reported to have 13,200 kilograms (29,000 lb) of thrust and a 7.5:1 thrust-to-weight ratio, making it comparable to the AL-31F turbofan. The WS-10A was first displayed in public at the 2008 Zhuhai Air Show.[6] The WS-10A design consists of a 7-stage high pressure compressor, short annular combustor with air blast atomizer and air film cooling blade. It is the first production turbofan from China to feature single crystal nickel-based turbine blades, which allow higher intake temperatures and greater engine thrust. WS-10A has also been equipped with a FADEC (full authority digital engine control) system. An asymmetric thrust vector control (TVC) nozzle, similar to the TVC nozzle of the Russian AL-31F-TVN engine, has also been reported undergoing testing.
On 2 April 2009, the director of AVIC (Aviation Industry Corporation of China) Lin Zuoming (林左鸣), stated that there were problems with the quality control procedures on the WS-10A production line, meaning the Taihang turbofan was still of unsatisfactory quality. He said that solving these problems would be a key step.[7] The Chinese engines have been lasting 30 hours at a time vs 400 for the Russian originals.[8] Despite AVIC's issues with quality control, mass production of the WS-10 series engines would contribute significantly in improving Chinese industrial capabilities.[9]
Derivatives of the WS-10 are under development, such as a high-bypass turbofan variant for propelling large transport aircraft and marine gas turbine variant for propelling ships.
A thrust-vectoring variant with higher thrust (132 kilonewtons (30,000 lbf)), called the WS-10B, is in testing and is ready for combat aircraft installation, while an even further upgrade with higher thrust (155 kilonewtons (35,000 lbf)), designated the WS-10G, is also under testing. Several Russian and Western publications have asserted WS-10 is a derivative of the AL-31, in fact First Deputy General Director of JSC "NPO Saturn" - General Designer Victor CHEPKIN; claimed the WS-10 is basically a copy of the Russian made AL-31[10]；popular Mechanics made the same assertion in one of its issues recently titled "How China Steals U.S. Military Secrets" [11] and the Russian internet news outlet Lenta.ru also claimed the Al-31 was the base of the WS-10[12]. The Internet outlet strategy page did the same in October 2011 on an article titled "Chinese Engines Miss The Finish Line" by James Dunnigan [13]
[edit] Variants
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- WS-10 - original design producing a thrust of 126 kilonewtons (28,000 lbf)
- WS-10A - upgraded variant producing a thrust of 132 kilonewtons (30,000 lbf)
- WS-10B - upgraded thrust-vectored variant producing a thrust of 132 kilonewtons (30,000 lbf)
- WS-10G - upgraded variant producing a thrust of 155 kilonewtons (35,000 lbf) with Thrust Vectoring and stealthy nozzles that have jagged edges and tiles
[edit] Specifications (WS-10A)
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General characteristics
- Type: Afterburning turbofan
- Length:
- Diameter: 950 millimetres (37 in) inlet
- Dry weight: 1,494 kilograms (3,290 lb)
Components
- Compressor: 3 fan and 9 compressor stages
- Combustors: annular
- Turbine: 1 high-pressure and 2 low pressure stages
Performance
- Maximum thrust: 132 kilonewtons (30,000 lbf) with afterburner
- Bypass ratio: 0.78:1
- Turbine inlet temperature: 1750 K (1,477 °C (2,691 °F))
- Thrust-to-weight ratio: 7.5
[edit] See also
- Related development
- Related lists
[edit] References
- ^ "Overseas media: Chinese naval J-11s spotted in the open". Global Times. http://military.globaltimes.cn/china/2010-05/531084.html.
- ^ Siva Govindasamy. "China and Russia agree J-10 powerplant contract". Flightglobal. http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2007/05/22/213957/china-and-russia-agree-j-10-powerplant-contract.html.
- ^ http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Aero-Engines/LM-WS10A-Tai-Hang-China.html
- ^ Report on the August 2003 Moscow Aerospace Salon (MAKS)
- ^ Fisher, Richard (September 12, 2005). "Chinese Dimensions of the 2005 Moscow Aerospace Show". United States: International Assessment and Strategy Center. http://www.strategycenter.net/research/pubID.78/pub_detail.asp. Retrieved 29 May 2010.
- ^ [1]
- ^ http://www.china-defense-mashup.com/?p=3179
- ^ Pomfret, John. "Military strength is eluding China." Washington Post, 25 December 2010.
- ^ "Jet Engine Development in China: Indigenous high-performance turbofans are a final step toward fully independent fighter production." China SignPost, 27 June 2011.
- ^ http://bohn.ru/news/otrasl_dvadcat_let_razvalivali/2011-05-28-526
- ^ http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/military/news/3319656
- ^ http://lenta.ru/news/2011/07/04/al31fn/
- ^ http://www.strategypage.com/dls/articles/Chinese-Engines-Miss-The-Finish-Line-10-8-2011.asp
[edit] External links
- International Assessment and Strategy Centre (2009) - Information on developments in Chinese aerospace, including aero-engines.
- China-Defense-Mashup - The real face of Taihang (WS-10) turbofan engine (04 November 2008)
- Frost.com - J-10 and the Rise of China's Tactical Aircraft Capabilities (27 May 2004)
- SinoDefence.com - J-10 to be fitted with Chinese-made engine this year (17 April 2007)
- China-Defense-Mashup.com - AVIC-I to realize indigenous engine production for PLAAF (23 August 2008)
- China-Defense-Mashup.com - AVIC Head admits poor quality of jet engine (02 April 2009)
- Kanwa.com - WS-10 and TVC development
- Jane's Aero-Engines (Turbofan) - WS-10A TaiHang
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