Watercress darter
| Watercress darter | |
|---|---|
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| Photo courtesy of the Geological Survey of Alabama | |
| Conservation status | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Perciformes |
| Family: | Percidae |
| Genus: | Etheostoma |
| Species: | E. nuchale |
| Binomial name | |
| Etheostoma nuchale Howell & Caldwell, 1965 |
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The watercress darter is a small colorful fish which lives in the Black Warrior River drainage basin near Birmingham, Alabama. The largest known female is 2.5 inches in length. It was declared an Endangered species by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service in 1970, five years after its initial discovery in Glenn Spring.[1]
The species can be found in the watercress zone of springs. They feed on snails, crustaceans and insect larvae in slow moving water. The species is endangered and is protected in areas such as the Watercress Darter National Wildlife Refuge in Jefferson County. The species is only known to exist in four specific bodies of water, two in the refuge and two at the Seven Springs in the Powderly neighborhood of Birmingham. The Seven Springs populations were only recently discovered in 2003.[1]
On September 22, 2008, more than 12,000 [2] watercress darters were killed when workers from the city of Birmingham removed a beaver dam at Roebuck Springs, emptying a pond that was the darter's habitat. An alternative solution would have been to install a flow device in the dam to regulate the pond height. The pond was emptied because it often flooded a nearby tennis court. The city emptied the beaver pond without the permission of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS).[3] The FWS has ordered that the dam be restored and the pond refilled in an effort to save the remaining darters.[4]
The state of Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources is suing the City of Birmingham for destroying endangered species and their wetland habitat.[5]
[edit] References
- ^ a b R. Scot Duncan and Chad P. Elliott (2003). "Habitat Use of the Watercress Darter (Etheostoma nuchale): An Endangered Fish in an Urban Landscape". The American Midland Naturalist: 9–21. doi:10.1674/0003-0031-164.1.9. http://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.1674/0003-0031-164.1.9. Retrieved 2010-09-23.
- ^ "Feds Propose $3 Million Fine for Massive Fish Kill". The New York Times. 2010-06-24. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/25/science/earth/25brfs-BIRMINGHAMIS_BRF.html?scp=1&sq=watercress%20darter&st=cse.
- ^ Bouma, Katherine (2008-09-23). "Dam removal kills more than 1,000 endangered fish at Roebuck Springs". The Birmingham News. http://www.al.com/birminghamnews/stories/index.ssf?/base/news/122215777510060.xml&coll=2.
- ^ Bouma, Katherine (2008-09-24). "U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service orders endangered watercress darter pond restored in Birmingham". The Birmingham News. http://www.al.com/birminghamnews/stories/index.ssf?/base/news/1222244170184290.xml&coll=2.
- ^ Tracy Dalzell Walsh (2010-09-22). "Birmingham Sued Over Beaver Dam Removal". Courthouse News Service. http://www.courthousenews.com/2010/09/22/30517.htm. Retrieved 2010-09-23.
[edit] External links
- Village Creek in Roebuck Springs, Alabama - Video by Glynn Wilson
- Outdoor Alabama - Watercress Darter
- Gimenez Dixon (1996). Etheostoma nuchale. 2006. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. www.iucnredlist.org. Retrieved on 10 May 2006. Listed as Endangered (EN B1+2ce v2.3)
- "Etheostoma nuchale". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=168415. Retrieved 18 April 2006.
- Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). "Etheostoma nuchale" in FishBase. March 2006 version.
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