Wattstax

Wattstax
Theatrical poster
Directed by	Mel Stuart
Produced by	Larry Shaw Mel Stuart
Starring	The Staple Singers Richard Pryor Rufus Thomas Kim Weston Johnnie Taylor The Bar-Kays Isaac Hayes Albert King
Studio	Stax Records Wolper Productions
Distributed by	Columbia Pictures (1973, theatrical), Warner Bros. (2004, DVD)
Release date(s)	February 4, 1973
Running time	98 min.
Country	United States
Language	English
Box office	$1,560,000 (US/ Canada rentals)

Wattstax is a 1973 documentary film by Mel Stuart that focused on the 1972 Wattstax music festival and the African American community of Watts in Los Angeles, California. The film was nominated for a Golden Globe award for Best Documentary Film in 1974. It was also screened at the 1973 Cannes Film Festival, but was not entered into the main competition.

The concert

The concert was held at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum on August 20, 1972, and organized by Memphis's Stax Records to commemorate the seventh anniversary of the Watts riots. Wattstax was seen by some as "the Afro-American answer to Woodstock". To enable as many members of the black community in L.A. to attend as possible, tickets were sold for only $1.00 each. The Reverend Jesse Jackson gave the invocation, which included Reverend William H. Borders, Sr.'s "I Am - Somebody" poem, which was recited in a call and response with the assembled stadium crowd. In the film, interspersed between songs are interviews with Richard Pryor, Ted Lange and others who discuss the black experience in America.

Sequence

The film begins with an introduction by Pryor, followed by shots of urban life on the streets of Watts, accompanied by the song "What You See Is What You Get" by The Dramatics. Mel Stuart was not entirely satisfied with the full concert footage and added the Pryor interludes between certain songs and live shots of urban life in the city. Stuart wanted someone to narrate between the scenes to create a transition in a comedic but meaningful way. Scenes of the concert venue being set up are accompanied by the song "Oh La De Da" by the Staple Singers, and another Staples tune, "We the People", backs scenes of the crowds entering the stadium.

The first song played in concert is the "Star-Spangled Banner" performed by Kim Weston while the audience sits. Jesse Jackson then encourages the audience to raise their right fists in the air while he recites his poem "I Am Somebody". Kim Weston follows with a performance of the "Black National Anthem", "Lift Ev'ry Voice and Sing". While she sings the audience becomes more invigorated, and people stand and continue to raise their fists in the air. The scene is inter-cut with images from African-American history. Jimmy Jones sings "Somebody Bigger Than You and I".

A brief discussion about religion is followed by a performance of "Lying on the Truth" by the Gospel band The Rance Allen Group, inter-cut with shots of churches around Watts. The song "Peace Be Still" is heard, and eventually seen, performed by The Emotions in a local church. Next, the film briefly discusses Gospel music, and "Old-Time Religion" is performed by "The Stax Golden 13", composed of William Bell, Louise McCord, Debra Manning, Eric Mercury, Freddy Robinson, Lee Sain, Ernie Hines, Little Sonny, Eddie Floyd, the Newcomers, the Temprees, and Frederick Knight. After a brief interlude with Pryor, Melvin Van Peebles introduces the Staple Singers, who play "Respect Yourself" in concert.

The Bar-Kays follow another montage commentary on African-American identity. The Bar-Kays saxophonist, Harvey "Joe" Henderson speaks saying, "Freedom is a road seldom traveled by the multitude" (a phrase later made famous when it was sampled by Public Enemy in "Show 'Em Whatcha Got"). The Bar-Kays then play "Son of Shaft." A montage of conversations about unemployment and crime in Watts plays. Albert King plays "I'll Play The Blues for You" which is quickly cut to another conversation with the people of Watts about blues music and depression. An unusual piece of footage is shown of performance of "Walking the Backstreet and Crying" by Little Milton, presented in the style of a music video, with Milton lip-synching the song near a train station with a burning trash can next to it.

Rufus Thomas talks about a character named "Jody" - someone who "is that fella, when you leave home at six o'clock, he's in that house at six-one." Followed by shots of various rich African Americans exiting their expensive cars and wearing flamboyant clothing, while the song "Jody's Got Your Girl and Gone" by Johnnie Taylor is being performed in a night club. Pryor performs a sketch discussing gambling. A montage of couples in Watts is shown while a discussion about dating and romance is heard, with "I May Not Be What You Want" performed by Mel and Tim in the background. The scene then changes to a performance of "Picking Up the Pieces" by Carla Thomas. During this song, several red, black and white balloons are released in the stadium. More conversations about gender roles and romance in the African-American society follow.

In the next segment, Rufus Thomas performs "The Breakdown" and "Do the Funky Chicken." There is another interlude with Pryor, and then the hit ballad "If Loving You is Wrong, I Don't Want to be Right" by soul singer Luther Ingram. After the final interlude, Isaac Hayes enters the stadium to a large audience reaction (the concert took place on his 30th birthday). Hayes' performance of "Rolling Down a Mountain" in the original version of the film was recorded on a sound stage at a later date because MGM refused to allow the film-makers to use Hayes' concert performances of "Theme from Shaft" and "Soulsville". These songs are restored on Region 1 DVD release of the film. The camera pans out at the end of the stadium showing several people during the interludes in the film while the speech "I Am Somebody" is being shouted again followed by "Lift Ev'ry Voice and Sing" as the credits roll.

Later developments

In January 2004, a restored version of the film played at the Sundance Film Festival, followed by a theatrical reissue in June by Sony Pictures Repertory. In September 2004, the PBS series P.O.V. aired a new documentary about the concert and the movie. That same month, the movie was released on DVD by Warner Bros., which obtained the video rights when it purchased the Wolper library (Warner's former sister company, Warner Music Group, coincidentally owns the rights to most pre-1968 Stax recordings).

Music

Songs in the film

In order of appearance:

• "Whatcha See Is Whatcha Get", performed by The Dramatics
• "Oh La De Da", performed by the Staple Singers
• "We the People", performed by the Staple Singers
• "Star-Spangled Banner", performed by Kim Weston
• "Lift Ev'ry Voice and Sing", performed by Kim Weston
• "Respect Yourself", performed by the Staple Singers
• "Someone Greater Than I", performed by Jimmy Jones
• "Lying on the Truth", performed by the Rance Allen Group
• "Peace Be Still", performed by The Emotions
• "Old-Time Religion", performed by William Bell, Louise McCord, Debra Manning, Eric Mercury, Freddy Robinson, Lee Sain, Ernie Hines, Little Sonny, the Newcomers, Eddie Floyd, the Temprees, Frederick Knight
• "Son of Shaft/Feel It", performed by The Bar-Kays
• "I'll Play The Blues For You", performed by Albert King
• "Walking the Back Streets and Crying", performed by Little Milton
• "Jody's Got Your Girl and Gone", performed by Johnnie Taylor
• "I May Not Be What You Want", performed by Mel and Tim
• "Pick Up the Pieces", performed by Carla Thomas
• "Breakdown", performed by Rufus Thomas
• "Do the Funky Chicken", performed by Rufus Thomas
• "If Loving You Is Wrong, I Don't Want to be Right", performed by Luther Ingram
• "Theme from Shaft", performed by Isaac Hayes
• "Soulsville", performed by Isaac Hayes

Other songs in the concert

• "Knock on Wood", performed by Eddie Floyd
• "Lay Your Loving On Me", performed by Eddie Floyd
• "I Can't Turn You Loose", performed by the Bar-Kays
• "Killing Floor", performed by Albert King
• "Angel of Mercy", performed by Albert King
• "Gee Whiz", performed by Carla Thomas
• "I Have A God Who Loves", performed by Carla Thomas
• "I Don't Know What This World Is Coming To", performed by The Soul Children
• "Hearsay", performed by The Soul Children
• "Ain't No Sunshine", performed by Isaac Hayes

Production credits

• Directed by: Mel Stuart
• Produced by: Larry Shaw, Mel Stuart
• Executive Producers: Al Bell, David L. Wolper
• Associate Producer: Forest Hamilton, Hnic.
• Consultants: Rev. Jesse Jackson, Tommy Jacquette, Mafundi Institute, Rev. Jesse Boyd, Teddy Stewart, Richard Thomas, John W. Smith, Sylvester Williams, Carol Hall
• Cinematography: Roderick Young, Robert Marks, Jose Mignone, Larry Clark
• Edited by: Robert K. Lambert, David Newhouse, David Blewitt
• Assistant Director: Charles Washburn
• Concert Unit Director; Sid McCoy
• Production Coordinator: David Oyster
• Music Supervisor: Terry Manning
• Music Recording: Wally Heider, Inc.
• Post Production Supervisor: Philly Wylly
• Concert Artist Staging: Melvin Van Peebles
• Music Conductor: Dale Warren
• Lighting: Acey Dcey
• Production Staff: Jim Stewart, Johnny Baylor, Gary Holmes/Mind Benders, Humanities International, Edward Windsor Wright

See also

• Watts Riots
• Soul to Soul

External links

• Wattstax
• Wattstax at the Internet Movie Database
• Wattstax at AllRovi
• Wattstax.com
• P.O.V. Wattstax companion Web site (featuring streaming audio of performances and a podcast interview with director Mel Stuart)
• MP3 audio interview with Stax Records expert Rob Bowman on the radio program The Sound of Young America regarding Wattstax
• MSNBC article
• National Review article