List of weather records

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  (Redirected from Weather records)
Jump to: navigation, search

This is a list of weather records, a list of the most extreme occurrences of weather phenomena for various categories. Many weather records are measured under specific conditions—such as surface temperature and wind speed—to keep consistency among measurements around the Earth. Each of these records is understood to be the record value officially observed, as these records may have been exceeded before modern weather instrumentation was invented, or in remote areas without an official weather station.

Contents

Temperature [edit]

The standard measuring conditions for temperature are two meters above the ground, and shielded from direct sunlight (hence the term, x degrees "in the shade").

Heat [edit]

Highest temperature ever recorded [edit]

Temperature Location Date
North America / On Earth† 56.7 °C (134 °F) Furnace Creek Ranch (formerly Greenland Ranch), in Death Valley, California, United States 1913-07-10[1][2]
Canada 45.0 °C (113 °F) Midale, Yellow Grass, Saskatchewan 1937-07-05[3]
Greenland 25.3 °C (77.5 °F) Tasiilaq 2005-07-13[4][5]
Mexico 52 °C (125.6 °F) San Luis Río Colorado, Sonora [6][7]
Africa 55.0 °C (131 °F) Kebili, Tunisia 1931-07-07[8][9]
Algeria 50.6 °C (123.1 °F) In Salah, Tamanrasset Province 2002-07-12[8]
Benin 44.5 °C (112 °F) Kandi  ?[4]
Botswana 42.6 °C (108.4 °F) Tsabong  ?[4]
Burkina Faso 47.2 °C (117 °F) Dori  ?[4]
Cameroon 47.7 °C (117.9 °F) Kousseri  ?[10]
Central African Republic 45 °C (113 °F) Birao  ?[4]
Chad 47.6 °C (117.7 °F) Faya-Largeau 2010-06-22[10]
Côte d'Ivoire 41.5 °C (106.7 °F) Odienne  ?[4]
Djibouti 49.5 °C (121 °F) Tadjourah  ?[4]
Egypt 50.3 °C (122.6 °F) Kharga  ?[4]
Eritrea 48 °C (118.4 °F) Massawa  ?[4]
Ethiopia 48.9 °C (120 °F) Dallol  ?[4]
The Gambia 45.5 °C (114 °F) Basse Santa Su 2008-?-?[4]
Ghana 43.9 °C (111 °F) Navrongo  ?[4]
Guinea-Bissau 43.6 °C (110.5 °F) Bafata  ?[4]
Libya 50.2 °C (122.4 °F) Zuara 1995-06[9][11]
Malawi 45 °C (113 °F) Ngabu, Chikwana  ?[4]
Mali 48.2 °C (118 °F) Gao  ?[4]
Mauritania 50.0 °C (122 °F) Akjujt  ?[4]
Morocco 49.6 °C (121.3 °F) Marrakech 2012-07-17[12]
Mozambique 47.3 °C (117.2 °F) Chibuto 2009-02-03[4]
Namibia 47.8 °C (118 °F) Noordoewer 2009-02-06[4]
Niger 48.2 °C (118.8 °F) Bilma 2010-06-23[10]
Nigeria 46.4 °C (115.5 °F) Yola 2010-04-03[10]
Senegal 48.8 °C (119.8 °F) Matam  ?[4]
Sierra Leone 40 °C (104 °F) Njala  ?[4]
Somalia 47.8 °C (118 °F) Berbera  ?[13]
South Africa 50.0 °C (122 °F) Dunbrody, Eastern Cape 1918[14]
Sudan 49.7 °C (121.5 °F) Dongola 2010-06-25[10]
Swaziland 46.1 °C (115 °F) Sidvokodvo  ?[4]
Tanzania 39.4 °C (102.9 °F) Kisauni, Zanzibar  ?[13]
Zambia 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) Mfuwe, Eastern Province 2010-10-13[10]
Zimbabwe 45.6 °C (114 °F) Beitbridge  ?[4]
Asia 53.6 °C (128.5 °F) Sulaibya, Kuwait 2012-07-31[12]
Bangladesh 45.1 °C (113.2 °F) Rajshahi 1972-04-30[15]
China 49.7 °C (118 °F) Ading Lake, Turpan, Xinjiang, China 2008-08-03[10]
India 50 °C (122 °F) Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan
Dholpur, Rajasthan		  ? [13]
Indonesia 39.5 °C (103.1 °F) Jatiwangi, Cirebon, West Java 2006-12-?[4]
Iraq 52.0 °C (125.7 °F) Basra
Ali Air Base, Nasiriyah		 2010-06-14[10]
2011-08-02[16][17]
Israel 53 °C (127.4 °F) Tirat Zvi, Israel 1942-06-21 [18][8] **
Japan 40.9 °C (105.6 °F) Kumagaya, Saitama / Tajimi, Gifu 2007-08-16[19]
Malaysia 40.1 °C (104.2 °F) Chuping 1998-04-09[20]
Myanmar 47.0 °C (116.6 °F) Myinmu 2010-05-12[10]
Pakistan 53.5 °C (128.3 °F) Mohenjo-daro, Sindh 2010-05-26[10][21]
Philippines 42.2 °C (107.96 °F) Tuguegarao, Cagayan Valley 1912-04-12[22]
Qatar 50.4 °C (122.7 °F) Doha 2010-07-14[10]
Russia 42.3 °C (108.1 °F) Belogorsk, Amur Oblast 2010-07-12[23]
Saudi Arabia 52.0 °C (125.6 °F) Jeddah 2010-06-22[10]
Singapore 36.0 °C (96.8 °F) Singapore 1998-03-26[20]
South Korea 40.0 °C (104 °F) Daegu 1942-08-01[24]
Thailand 44.5 °C (112.1 °F) Uttaradit 1960-04-27[25]
Turkey 48.8 °C (119.8 °F) Mardin 1993-08-14[26]
Oceania‡ 50.7 °C (123.3 °F) Oodnadatta, South Australia, Australia 1960-01-02[27][28][29]
New Zealand 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) Rangiora, Canterbury and Jordan, Marlborough (tied) 1973-02-07[30]
Solomon Islands 36.1 °C (97 °F) Honiara, Guadalcanal Province 2010-02-01[10]
South America 49.1 °C (120.4 °F) Villa de María, Argentina 1920-01-02[27][31]
Bolivia 46.7 °C (116.1 °F) Villamontes, Tarija Department 2010-10-29*[10]
Brazil 44.7 °C (112.4 °F) Bom Jesus, Piauí 2005-11-21[32]
Colombia 42.3 °C (108 °F) Puerto Salgar, Cundinamarca Department 2010-10-29[10]
Paraguay 45 °C (113 °F) Pratts Gill, Boquerón Department 2009-11-14[33]
Uruguay 44 °C (111.2 °F) Paysandú, Paysandú Department 1943-01-20[34]
Venezuela 41 °C (105.8 °F) Maracaibo, Zulia State  ?[4]
Central America and Caribbean Islands 45 °C (113 °F) Estanzuela, Zacapa, Guatemala  ?[35]
Dominican Republic 43.0 °C (109.4 °F) Mao 1954-08-31[36][37]
Cuba 38.8 °C (102 °F) Jucarito (Granma Province) 1999-04-17[38]
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico 37.2 °C (99 °F) Arecibo 1985-06-25[39]
Europe 48.0 °C or 48.5 °C (118.4 °F or 119.3 °F) Athens, Greece or Catenanuova, Italy (Catenanuova's record is disputed) 1977-07-10[40] or 1999-08-10;[41]
Albania 43.9 °C (108.1 °F) Kuçovë 1973-07-18
Austria 39.7 °C (103.5 °F) Dellach im Drautal 1983-07-27[42]
Belarus 38.9 °C (102 °F) Gomel 2010-08-07[10]
Belgium 38.8 °C (102 °F) Uccle 1947-06-27
Bosnia and Herzegovina 46.2 °C (115.16 °F) Mostar (Herzegovina, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina) 1900-07-31
Bulgaria 45.2 °C (113.3 °F) Sadovo, Plovdiv Province 1916-08-05[43]
Croatia 42.8 °C (109 °F) Ploče 1998-08-05[44]
Cyprus 46.6 °C (115.9 °F) Lefkoniko, Cyprus 2010-08-01[10]
Czech Republic 40.4 °C (104.7 °F) Dobřichovice, Prague-West District 2012-08-20[45]
Denmark 36.4 °C (97.5 °F) Holstebro, Midtjylland 1975-08-10[46]
England 38.5 °C (101.3 °F) Faversham, Kent 2003-08-10[47]
Estonia 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) Võru 1992-08-11[48]
Finland 37.2 °C (99.0 °F) Liperi 2010-07-29[49]
France 44.1 °C (110.1 °F) Conqueyrac / Saint-Christol-lès-Alès 2003-08-12[50]
Germany 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) Gärmersdorf bei Amberg / Karlsruhe & Freiburg 1983-07-27 / 2003-08-13[51]
Hungary 41.9 °C (107.4 °F) Kiskunhalas 2007-07-20[52]
Iceland 30.5 °C (86.9 °F) Teigarhorn, Djúpivogur 1939-06-22[53][54]
Ireland 33.3 °C (92 °F) Kilkenny Castle, County Kilkenny 1887-06-26[55]
Italy 47 °C or 48.5 °C (116.6 or 119.3 °F) Foggia, Apulia or Catenanuova, Sicily (Catenanuova's record is disputed) 2007-06-25 and 1999-08-10[41]
Latvia 36.4 °C (97.5 °F) Daugavpils 1943-08-04[56]
Lithuania 37.5 °C (99.5 °F) Zarasai, Utena County 1994-07-30[57]
Macedonia 45.7 °C(114.26 °F) Demir Kapija, Demir Kapija Municipality 2007-07-24[58]
Malta 43.8 °C (110.84 °F) Malta International Airport 1999-08-09[59]
Moldova 42.4 °C(108.3 °F) Falesti 2012-08-07[12]
Montenegro 44.8 °C (112.6 °F) Podgorica & Danilovgrad 2007-08-16 & 2012-08-08[12]
Netherlands 38.6 °C (102 °F) Warnsveld 1944-08-23[60]
Northern Ireland 30.8 °C (87.4 °F) Knockarevan, County Fermanagh / Belfast, County Antrim 1976-06-30 / 1983-07-12[47]
Norway 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) Nesbyen, Buskerud 1970-06-20[61]
Poland 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) Prószków, Opole Voivodeship (then in Germany) 1921-07-29[62]
Portugal 47.4 °C (117.3 °F) Amareleja, Beja 2003-08-01[63]
Romania 44.5 °C (112.1 °F) Ion Sion, Brăila County 1951-08-10[64]
Russia 45.4 °C (113.7 °F) Utta, Kalmykia 2010-07-12[65]
Scotland 32.9 °C (91.2 °F) Greycrook, Scottish Borders 2003-08-09[47]
Serbia 44.9 °C (112.8 °F) Smederevska Palanka, Podunavlje District 2007-07-24[66]
Slovakia 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) Hurbanovo 2007-07-20[4]
Slovenia 40.6 °C (105.1 °F) Črnomelj 1950-07-05[67]
Spain 47.2 °C (116.9 °F) Murcia 1994-07-04[68]
Sweden 38.0 °C (100.4 °F) Ultuna, Uppsala County / Målilla, Kalmar County 1933-07-09 / 1947-06-29[69]
Switzerland 41.5 °C (106.7 °F) Grono, Moesa District 2003-08-11[70]
Ukraine 42.0 °C (107.6 °F) Luhansk 2010-08-12[71]
Wales 35.2 °C (95.4 °F) Hawarden Bridge, Flintshire 1990-08-02[47]
Antarctica 14.6 °C (59 °F) Vanda Station, Scott Coast 1974-01-05[27]
South Pole −12.3 °C (9.9 °F) Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station 2011-12-25[72]
*Temperature reached on multiple occasions; this is the most recent.
†There are a few reports of temperatures higher than this during phenomena known as heat bursts, including a report of 87 °C (188 °F) in Abadan, Iran in June 1967. These temperatures have never been confirmed, and are not recognized as world records.[73] The former highest official temperature on Earth, held for 90 years by ‘Aziziya, Libya, was de-certified by the WMO (World Meteorological Organization) as the record for the world's highest surface temperature in January 2012 (this temperature of 57.8 °C (136 °F), registered on September 13, 1922, is currently considered to have been a recorder's error).[74]
‡On 16 January 1889, a temperature of 53 °C (128 °F) was recorded at Cloncurry, Queensland. It was measured with a non-standard thermometer, so it is unknown if this reading was valid or not.[27] The reading is not recognised by Australia's Bureau of Meteorology.[28]
**The Israeli Met Office pursued an investigation of the record in 2012 (prompted by an inquiry from the WMO and wunderground's weather historian Christopher C. Burt), and concluded that the record was valid. However, they have refused to make public the details leading to their conclusions, and until they do so, the record remains suspect.[12]

Other warm records [edit]

Cold [edit]

Lowest temperatures ever recorded [edit]

Temperature Location Date
Antarctica / On Earth −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) Vostok Station 1983-07-21[27][75][77]
East Antarctica −82.5 °C (−116.5 °F) Dome A 2005–07[78]
South Pole −82.8 °C (−117.0 °F) Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station [79]
Asia −68 °C (−90 °F) Verkhoyansk and
Oymyakon, both in Sakha Republic, Russia		 1892-02-07
1933-02-06[27]
Bangladesh 2.8 °C (37.0 °F) Sreemangal 1968-?-?
[80]
China −52.3 °C (−62.1 °F) Mohe County 1969-02-13[81]
India −50 °C (−58 °F)/−33.9 °C (−29.0 °F) Dras, Ladakh January ??/1911-03-22[82]
Iran −36 °C (−32.8 °F) Saqqez 1969[83]
Iraq −17.6 °C (0.4 °F) Mosul, Ninawa Governorate 1911-01-24[84]
Israel −13.7 °C (7.3 °F) Beit Netofa Valley 1950-02-07[85]
Japan −41 °C (−41.8 °F) Asahikawa, Hokkaidō 1902-01-25[19]
Malaysia 7.8 °C (46.0 °F) Cameron Highlands 1978-02-01[20]
Nepal −45 °C (−49.0 °F) Mt. Everest, Sagarmatha 1999-05-15[19]
North Korea −43.6 °C (−46.5 °F) Chunggangjin 1933-01-12[86]
Pakistan −26 °C (−15 °F) Astore, Gilgit-Baltistan  ?[13]
Philippines 2 °C (35.6 °F) Mount Pulag, Mountain Province 2011-01[87]
Thailand −1.4 °C (29.5 °F) Sakon Nakhon 1974-01-02[25]
Turkey −46.4 °C (−51.5 °F) Van 1990-01-09[26]
North America −66.1 °C (−87.0 °F) North Ice, Greenland 1954-01-09[27]
Canada −63 °C (−81 °F) Snag, Yukon 1947-02-03[27][75]
Mexico −32 °C (−25.6 °F) Santa Barbara, Durango 1999[88]
United States −62 °C (−80 °F) Prospect Creek, Alaska 1971-01-23[89]
Europe −58.1 °C (−72.6 °F) Ust' Shchugor, Russia 1978-12-31[40]
Albania −27.5 °C (−17.5 °F) Voskopojë 1967-01-27
Austria −37.4 °C (−38.6 °F) Sonnblick 1905-01-01[90]
Belarus −42.2 °C (−44.0 °F) Slavnom, Vitsebsk Voblast 1940-01-17[91]
Belgium −30.1 °C (−22.2 °F) Valley of the Lesse in Rochefort 1940-01-20[92]
Bosnia and Herzegovina −42 °C (−44 °F) Veliko Polje on the Igman plateau 1963-01-24[citation needed]
Bulgaria −38.3 °C (−37 °F) Tran 1947-01-25[43]
Croatia −35.5 °C (−31.5 °F) Čakovec 1929-02-03[44]
Czech Republic −42.2  °C (−44.0 °F) Litvínovice 1929-02-11[45]
Denmark −31.2  °C (−24.2 °F) Thisted Municipality, North Denmark Region 1982-01-08[46]
England −26.1 °C (−15.0 °F) Newport, Shropshire, West Midlands 1982-01-10[47]
Estonia −43.5 °C (−46.0 °F) Jõgeva, Jõgeva County 1940-01-17[48]
Finland −51.5 °C (−60.7 °F) Kittilä, Lapland 1999-01-28[93]
France −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) Mouthe, Doubs 1985-01-17[94]
Germany −45.9 °C (−50.6 °F) Funtensee, Nationalpark Berchtesgaden, Bavaria 2001-12-24[51]
Greece −27.8 °C (−18.0 °F) Ptolemaida 1967-01-27[95]
Hungary −35.0 °C (−31.0 °F) Görömbölytapolca 1940-02-16[52]
Iceland −37.9 °C (−36.2 °F) Grímsstaðir 1918-01-21[53]
Ireland −19.1 °C (−2.4 °F) Markree Castle, County Sligo 1881-01-16[55]
Italy −48.3 °C (−54.9 °F) Busa Fradusta, Pale di San Martino 2010-12-27[96]
Latvia −43.2 °C (−45.8 °F) Daugavpils 1956-02-08[56]
Lithuania −42.9 °C (−45.2 °F) Utena, Utena County 1956-02-01[57]
Macedonia −31.5 °C (−24.7 °F) Berovo, Berovo Municipality 1954-01-27[97]
Malta 1.4 °C (34.5 °F) Malta International Airport 1981-01-29[59]
Netherlands −27.4 °C (−17.3 °F) Winterswijk 1942-01-27[60]
Northern Ireland −18.7 °C (−1.7 °F) Castlederg, County Tyrone 2010-12-24[98]
Norway −51.4 °C (−60.5 °F) Karasjok, Finnmark 1886-01-01[61]
Poland −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) Siedlce, Masovian Voivodeship 1940-01-11[62]
Portugal −16.0 °C (3.2 °F) Penhas da Saúde, Covilhã Municipality
Miranda do Douro		 1945-01-16 and 1954-02-05[99]
Romania −38.5 °C (−37.3 °F) Bod, Braşov County 1942-01-25[64]
Scotland −27.2 °C (−17.0 °F) Braemar, Aberdeenshire,
Altnaharra, Sutherland		 1895-02-11 and 1982-01-10
1995-12-30[47]
Serbia −39.5 °C (−39.1 °F) Karajukica Bunari, Zlatibor District 1985-01-13[66]
Slovakia −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) Vigľaš-Pstruša 1929-02-11[100]
Slovenia −34.5 °C (−30.1 °F) Babno Polje 1956-02-15 / 1956-02-16 / 1968-01-13[notes 1][67]
Spain −32.0 °C (−25.6 °F) Lake Estangento, Lleida 1956-02-02[68]
Sweden −53.0 °C (−63.4 °F) Malgovik, Västerbotten County 1941-12-13[69]
Switzerland −41.8 °C (−43.2 °F) La Brévine 1987-01-12[70]
Ukraine −41.9 °C (−43.4 °F) Luhansk 1935-02-08[101]
Wales −23.3 °C (−9.9 °F) Rhayader, Powys 1940-01-21[47]
South America −39 °C (−38 °F) Valle de los Patos Superior, San Juan, Argentina 1972-07-17[102][103]
Bolivia −25.7 °C (−14.3 °F) Uyuni, Potosí Department 1946-08-04[104]
Brazil −14 °C (7 °F) Caçador, Santa Catarina 1952-06[105]
Chile −37 °C (−35 °F) Coyhaique Alto, Aisén 2002-06-21[106]
Paraguay −7.5 °C (18.5 °F) Pratts Gill, Boquerón Department 2000-07-13[107]
Peru −25.2 °C (−13.4 °F) Mazo Cruz, Puno Region 1966-06-30[108]
Uruguay −11 °C (12 °F) Melo, Cerro Largo Department 1967-06-14[34]
Venezuela −12 °C (10 °F) Piedras Blancas, Merida State  ?[4]
Africa −24 °C (−11 °F) Ifrane, Morocco 1935-02-11[27]
Algeria −20 °C (−4 °F) Batna, Batna Province 1945-01-04[109]
Ethiopia -7.5 °C (18.5 °F) Alemaya 2005-?-?[109]
Lesotho −20.4 °C (−4.7 °F) Letseng-la-Draai (Letseng-la-Terae), Mokhotlong District 1967-06-12[109]
South Africa −18.6 °C (−1.5 °F) Buffelsfontein, near Molteno, Eastern Cape 1996-06-28[14]
Oceania −25.6 °C (−14.1 °F) Ranfurly, Central Otago, New Zealand 1903-07-18[110]
Australia −23 °C (−9.4 °F) Charlotte Pass, New South Wales, Australia 1994-06-29[111]
Central America and Caribbean Islands −11.5 °C (11.3 °F) Olintepeque, Quetzaltenango, Guatemala  ?[35]
Dominican Republic −3.5 °C (25.7 °F) Valle Nuevo, Constanza 1959-03-02[112]
Cuba 0.6 °C (33.1 °F) Bainoa, Mayabeque Province 1996-02-18[113]
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico 4.4 °C (40 °F) Adjuntas
Aibonito
Corozal		 1989-12-28[114]
1906-02-26[114]
1945-01-19[114]

Other cold records [edit]

Precipitation [edit]

Rain [edit]

  • Most in one minute: 38 mm (1.5 in); Barst, Guadeloupe, 26 November 1970.[116]
  • Most in one hour: 305 mm (12.0 in) in 42 minutes. Holt, Missouri, United States, 22 June 1947.[40]
  • Most in 12 hours: 1,144 mm (45.0 in); Foc-Foc, Réunion, 8 January 1966, during tropical cyclone Denise.[40]
  • Most in 24 hours: 1,825 mm (71.9 in); Foc-Foc, Réunion, 7–8 January 1966, during tropical cyclone Denise.[40]
  • Most in 48 hours: 2,467 mm (97.1 in); Aurère, Réunion, 8–10 January 1958.[40]
  • Most in 72 hours: 3,929 mm (154.7 in); Commerson, Réunion, 24–26 February 2007.[40]
  • Most in 96 hours: 4,869 mm (191.7 in); Commerson, Réunion, 24–27 February 2007.[40]
  • Most in one year: 26,470 mm (1,042 in); Cherrapunji, India, 1860–1861.[40]
  • Highest average annual total: 11,872 mm (467.4 in); Mawsynram, India.[40]

Snow [edit]

  • Most in one-year period: 31.1 meters (102 ft); Mount Rainier, Washington, United States, 19 February 1971 to 18 February 1972.[75]
  • Most in one season (1 July – 30 June): 29.0 meters, (95 ft); Mount Baker, Washington, United States, 1998 through 1999.[117]
  • Largest snowflake ever observed: 38 centimeters (15 in) in diameter; Fort Keogh, Montana, United States, 28 January 1887.[75]

Wind speed [edit]

Tornadoes [edit]

Main article: Tornado records
The Tri-State Tornado holds many records, including the longest known tornado track, fastest speed for a significant tornado, and the deadliest tornado outside of Bangladesh.

Deadliest in history [edit]

Outbreaks [edit]

  • Largest and most severe: The April 25–28, 2011 tornado outbreak: 358 confirmed tornadoes occurred in a span of 72 hours from 25 to 28 April 2011. They affected six US states, and included 11 EF4s and 4 EF5s.

Tropical cyclones [edit]

Main article: List of tropical cyclone records

Most intense (by minimum surface air pressure) [edit]

Other severe weather [edit]

A picture of the Aurora, Nebraska hailstone, measured at 18.75 inches (47.6 cm) in circumference

Hail [edit]

Lightning [edit]

Other categories [edit]

  • Highest air pressure ever recorded (above 750 meters): 1084.4 mb (32.03 inHg); Tosontsengel, Khövsgöl Province, Mongolia, 19 December 2001.[131] This is the equivalent sea-level pressure; Tosontsengel is located at 1,300 metres (4,300 ft) above sea level. The highest adjusted-to-sea-level barometric pressure ever recorded (below 750 meters) was at Agata, Evenhiyskiy, Russia (66°53’N, 93°28’E, elevation: 261 m (856.3 ft)) on 31 December 1968 of 1,083.3 hectopascals (31.99 inHg).[132] The discrimination is due to the problematic assumptions (assuming a standard lapse rate) associated with reduction of sea level from high elevations.[131][132]

See also [edit]

Portal icon Weather portal

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ The lowest unofficially measured temperature in Slovenia was recorded at Komna on 9 January 2009 and reached −49 °C (−56 °F).

References [edit]

  1. ^ "NCDC Global measured extremes". Retrieved 2007-11-06. 
  2. ^ World: Highest Temperature World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved on 2012-09-13.
  3. ^ "Private Tutor". Infoplease.com. Retrieved 2012-01-29. 
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z "World Record Temperatures -Highest Lowest Hottest Coldest temperatures". Mherrera.org. Retrieved 2010-08-20. 
  5. ^ "History : Weather Underground". Weather Underground. Retrieved 2012-01-29. 
  6. ^ "PROYECTO BASES DE DATOS CLIMATOLÓGICOS" (in Spanish). Servicio Meteológico Nacional. Retrieved 26 October 2011. 
  7. ^ "Máximas temperaturas registradas en San Luis Río Colorado" (in Spanish). Servicio Meteológico Nacional. Retrieved 31 December 2012. 
  8. ^ a b c Hottest air temperatures reported on Earth Weather Underground. Retrieved on 2012-20-09.
  9. ^ a b Khalid Ibrahim El Fadli, Randall S. Cerveny, Christopher C. Burt, Philip Eden, David Parker, Manola Brunet, Thomas C. Peterson, Gianpaolo Mordacchini, Vinicio Pelino, Pierre Bessemoulin, José Luis Stella, Fatima Driouech, M.M Abdel wahab, Matthew B. Pace (2012). "World Meteorological Organization Assessment of the Purported World Record 58°C Temperature Extreme at El Azizia, Libya (13 September 1922)". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00093.1. Retrieved 16 September 2012. 
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Masters, Jeff (7 August 2010). "Bolivia ties its all-time heat record". Weather Underground. Retrieved 2011-06-26. 
  11. ^ "QUESTIONS CONCERNING THE WORLD’S HOTTEST TEMPERATURE ON RECORD: 136.4°F (58°C) AT AL AZIZIA, LIBYA SEPTEMBER 13, 1922". Weather Underground. Retrieved 2013-01-17. 
  12. ^ a b c d e Masters, Jeff. "2012: Earth's 10th warmest year on record, and warmest with a La Niña". Weather Underground. Retrieved 2013-01-17. 
  13. ^ a b c d "Extreme Temperatures Around the World". Maximiliano Herrera. Retrieved 2013-02-24. 
  14. ^ a b "Details of the temperature, rainfall and wind extremes recorded in SA". South African Weather Service. Retrieved 2011-06-26. 
  15. ^ "Bangladesh records highest temperature 42.2 degree Celsius in last 14 years". Asian Tribune. 2009-04-27. Retrieved 2012-09-03. 
  16. ^ "Temperatures reach 52 degrees Celsius (125.6 Fahrenheit) in Iraq". BNO News. Retrieved 3 August 2011. 
  17. ^ "Temperature history for Tallil, Iraq". Weather Underground. Retrieved 2011-08-03. 
  18. ^ Bio-Climatic Atlas of Israel by Dr. D. Ashbel, Central Press, Jerusalem, 1950, p.125 
  19. ^ a b c "former National Rankings". Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 2009-01-22. 
  20. ^ a b c "General Climate Information". Malaysia Meteorological Department. Retrieved 2010-06-30. 
  21. ^ "Record breaking heat in Pakistan". Pakistan Meteorological Department. 26 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-06-04. 
  22. ^ "World Meteorological Organization". 1967. Retrieved 2011-06-10.  Unknown parameter |unused_data= ignored (help)
  23. ^ "Wunder Blog". Weather Underground. 19 July 2010. Retrieved 2011-01-28. 
  24. ^ "Climate of Korea". Korea Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 2010-07-24. 
  25. ^ a b "Thai Meteorological Department". Thai Meteorological Department. 
  26. ^ a b "Sıkça Sorulan Sorular – Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü". Dmi.gov.tr. Retrieved 2010-08-20. 
  27. ^ a b c d e f g h i Global Measured Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation. National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved on 2007-06-21.
  28. ^ a b "Australian Temperature Extremes". Bureau of Meteorology. 1 April 2009. Retrieved 2009-12-16. 
  29. ^ "50.5 °C – W.A.'s Highest Ever Temperature". Bureau of Meteorology. 20 February 1998. Retrieved 2011-07-12. 
  30. ^ "Carl Walrond. 'Natural environment', Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 25-Sep-2007". Teara.govt.nz. Retrieved 2010-08-20. 
  31. ^ http://www.smn.gov.ar/?mod=biblioteca&id=94 Servicio Meteorólogico Nacional (Argentina).
  32. ^ "Piauí tem a temperatura mais alta em 96 anos (Piauí has the highest temperature in 96 years)". Terra. 26 November 2005. Retrieved 2010-10-01. 
  33. ^ "Boletín UGR/MAG" [Boletín UGR/MAG] (in Spanish). Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería. Retrieved 2012-02-12. 
  34. ^ a b "Boletín meteorológico" [Meteorologic records of Uruguay] (in Spanish). Dirección Nacional de Meteorología. Retrieved 2010-10-01. 
  35. ^ a b "Datos metorologicos de los departamentos" (in spanish). INSIVUMEH. Retrieved 2011-10-26. 
  36. ^ "Resumen Agrometeorológico del mes de Agosto del 2011" (in Spanish). ONAMET. Retrieved 26 October 2011. 
  37. ^ TURISTICO/MENSUAL/BOLETIN TURISTICO AGOSTO 2011.pdf "Resumen Agrometeorológico del mes de Agosto del 2011" (in Spanish). ONAMET. Retrieved 26 October 2011. 
  38. ^ "Temperaturas máxima y mínima absolutas registradas" [Absolute maximum and minimum temperatures record] (in Spanish). Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas. Retrieved 26 October 2011. 
  39. ^ "ARECIBO 3 ESE, PUERTO RICO – Climate Summary". Sercc.com. Retrieved 2012-01-29. 
  40. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Global Weather & Climate Extremes". World Meteorological Organisation. Retrieved 2010-09-25. 
  41. ^ a b "Record meteo estremi – MeteoNet". MeteoNet. 26 January 2011. Retrieved 2012-02-12. 
  42. ^ wetterrekorde Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamic
  43. ^ a b "Bulgaria Second National Communication" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-08-20. 
  44. ^ a b [1][dead link]
  45. ^ a b "Česká republika – Česká nej". atlasceska.cz. Retrieved 2012-08-20. 
  46. ^ a b Vejrekstremer i Danmark DMI
  47. ^ a b c d e f g "Extreme weather". Met Office. Retrieved 2003-08-10. 
  48. ^ a b "EMHI". Emhi.ee. 11 August 1992. Retrieved 2010-08-20. 
  49. ^ "Kaikkien aikojen lämpöennätys rikki Liperissä: 37,2!". Iltasanomat.fi. Retrieved 2010-08-20. 
  50. ^ http://www.meteo.fr/meteonet/temps/france/clim/prod/tmd/dept30/TMD300803.pdf
  51. ^ a b Weather Extremes – Air Temperature. DWD. Retrieved on 2010-07-10
  52. ^ a b "Website of the Hungarian Meteorological Service". Met.hu. Retrieved 2010-08-20. 
  53. ^ a b Einarsson, Markús. Climate of Iceland pg 683. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
  54. ^ Heat Wave Hits Iceland, New Records Set Iceland Review 2008-07-31. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
  55. ^ a b "Temperature – Climate – Met Éireann – The Irish Meteorological Service Online". Met.ie. 2 January 1979. Retrieved 2010-08-20. 
  56. ^ a b Latvian climatic characteristics. Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre. Retrieved on 2010-08-07 (Latvian)
  57. ^ a b "(Meteorologiniai rekordai Lietuvoje)". meteo.lt. Retrieved 2010-08-20. 
  58. ^ "Climate in DEMIR KAPIJA in July 2007 - Historical weather records". Tutiempo.net. Retrieved 2012-09-04. 
  59. ^ a b [2] Malta Airport MetOffice
  60. ^ a b meteonet.nl[dead link]
  61. ^ a b "Klima". met.no. Retrieved 2010-08-20. 
  62. ^ a b "Zakład Klimatologii – Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków". Klimat.geo.uj.edu.pl. Retrieved 2010-08-20. 
  63. ^ Extremes Instituto de Meteorologia, IP Portugal
  64. ^ a b THERMAL EXTREMES Administratiei Nationale de Meteorologie
  65. ^ "Погода и Климат – В России установлен новый абсолютный температурный максимум". Pogoda.ru.net. Retrieved 2011-01-28. 
  66. ^ a b "TEMPERATURE REGIME IN SERBIA, Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia". Hidmet.gov.rs. Retrieved 2012-09-04. 
  67. ^ a b http://www.arso.gov.si/vreme/podnebje/slo_vremenski_rekordi.pdf
  68. ^ a b http://www.aemet.es/documentos/es/divulgacion/resumen_efemerides/Resumen_extremos.pdf
  69. ^ a b Temperaturrekord. SMHI. Retrieved on 2009-12-19.
  70. ^ a b "Weather in Switzerland". High-end-travel-switzerland.com. Retrieved 2010-08-20. 
  71. ^ "Погода и Климат – Климатический монитор: погода в Луганске". Pogoda.ru.net. Retrieved 2011-01-28. 
  72. ^ "Heat wave: South Pole hits record high temperature on Christmas Day". United States Antarctic Program. 29 December 2011. Retrieved 2012-02-01. 
  73. ^ Burt, Christopher C (2004). Extreme Weather. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 36. ISBN 0-393-32658-6. Retrieved 2007-06-21. 
  74. ^ Weather Extremes, Weather Underground - Retrieved 2012-09-14.
  75. ^ a b c d e f g h i Lyons, Walter A (1997). The Handy Weather Answer Book (2nd ed.). Detroit, Michigan: Visible Ink press. ISBN 0-7876-1034-8. 
  76. ^ "Marble Bar heatwave, 1923–1924". Australian Climate Extremes. Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 2008-09-21. 
  77. ^ Budretsky, A.B. (1984). "New absolute minimum of air temperature". Bulletin of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (in Russian) (Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat) (105). 
  78. ^ Web Team (5 September 2005). "''Australian Antarctic Division''". Aad.gov.au. Retrieved 2010-08-20. 
  79. ^ "''Office of Polar Programs''". Nsf.gov. Retrieved 2010-08-20. 
  80. ^ "Cold claims 8 more". Retrieved 2013-01-18. 
  81. ^ "China weather, Weather of China, China weather forecast". Weatherchina.org. Retrieved 2010-08-20. 
  82. ^ Extreme Weather Events India Meteorological Department
  83. ^ "An extremely cold winter in Iran". Payvand.com. Retrieved 2010-08-20. 
  84. ^ Climatological Means for Iraq, Government of Iraq Meteorological Department, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project, page 29. Retrieved 29 March 2007.
  85. ^ "Climate Extremes in Israel". Israel Meteorological Service. Retrieved 13 September 2010. 
  86. ^ 선종일 (1 August 1942). "Korean Climate". User.chollian.net. Retrieved 2012-01-29. 
  87. ^ "2 °C at Luzon's highest peak". The Philippine Star. 2011-01-11. Retrieved 2013-04-04. 
  88. ^ "El día más frío del ańo :: México". EsMas.com. Retrieved 2010-08-20. 
  89. ^ National Climate Extremes Committee. National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved 2009-02-11.
  90. ^ "Wetterrekorde". ZAMG. 17 March 2008. Retrieved 2010-08-20. 
  91. ^ Baglasov Andrey, Belov Alexandr, Sinitsa Valentina, Bychenkov Alexandr. "Department of Hydrometeorology". Pogoda.by. Retrieved 2010-08-20. 
  92. ^ "KMI (Belgian Royal Meteorological Institute) site". Kmi.be. Retrieved 2012-01-29. 
  93. ^ "Ilmatieteen laitos – Sää ja ilmasto – Ilmastotilastot – Lämpötilaennätyksiä – kk". Fmi.fi. Retrieved 2010-08-20. 
  94. ^ "MétéoFrance". Comprendre.meteofrance.com. Retrieved 2012-01-29. 
  95. ^ "OnlineFX destination guide to Greece". Onlinefx.com. Retrieved 2010-08-20. 
  96. ^ "Record del freddo in Italia: -48,3 gradi". 
  97. ^ [3][dead link]
  98. ^ "Lowest daily minimum temperature records in Northern Ireland". Met Office Weather Extremes. 24 December 2010. Retrieved 2011-08-14. 
  99. ^ (Portuguese)"Terras da Beira – "Reveillon" português sem chuva, mas a bater o dente de frio". Retrieved 30 September 2010. 
  100. ^ ":: travel to SLOVAKIA". Travel-to-slovakia.biz. Retrieved 2010-08-20. 
  101. ^ "Погодные рекорды Украины | Новости Украины | СЕГОДНЯ". Segodnya.ua. Retrieved 2010-08-20. 
  102. ^ (Spanish) "Datos extremos en el país y en el mundo". Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  103. ^ There is another record (unofficial), of −40 °C (−40 °F), registered in Pampa Alta Pass, also known as Puesto Viejo, on the border between Argentina and Chile, on 2002-06-21. (See Extreme temperatures around the World. Retrieved 12 February 2011.)
  104. ^ Boletín Mensual del Tiempo 1946, Bolivia Servicio Meteorológico, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 27 January 2007.
  105. ^ "História de Caçador" [Quarta-feira pode ter recorde de temperatura mínima neste ano em Santa Catarina] (in Portuguese). A Notícia. 2010. Retrieved 2010-12-22. "[Caçador has the lowest recorded temperature, officially, in Brazil, of −14 °C in 1952. Another record, unofficial, of −17.8 °C in 1996-06-29, at the summit of Morro da Igreja, Urubici, also in Santa Catarina, would give the record to this locality." 
  106. ^ (Spanish) Boletines Anteriores, Junio 2002, Sección de Meteorología del Departamento de Geofísica de la Universidad de Chile. Retrieved 13 June 2007.
  107. ^ (Spanish) Con 1,2 grados bajo cero en Asunción, la ola polar llegó para quedarse, La Nación. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
  108. ^ Programa de Capacitación Para la Estimación del Riesgo, Biblioteca Virtual en Prevención y Atención de Desastres (BVPAD). Retrieved 30 August 2009.
  109. ^ a b c Bulletin Mensuel 1945, Algérie du Nord, Institut de Météorologie et de Physique du Globe de l’Algérie, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  110. ^ "New record for New Zealand's coldest day". TVNZ. 12 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-07-12. 
  111. ^ "Climate statistics for Australian locations". Bom.gov.au. Retrieved 2010-08-20. 
  112. ^ Mejía, Mariela. "Frío extremo, calor agobiante". Diario Libre (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 March 2012. "(...) la República Dominicana ha visto en su historia temperaturas récords como (...) los helados 3.5 °C bajo cero en Valle Nuevo, Constanza, el 2 de marzo de 1959." 
  113. ^ "III Congreso Cubano de Meteorología" [Third Cuban Congress of Meteorology] (in Spanish). ACQ & Asociados. p. 36. Retrieved 27 October 2011. "Desde el punto de vista sinóptico, se realizó un estudio del día 18 de febrero de 1996, cuando se registraron temperaturas notablemente frías en la región occidental, y muy frías en el resto del país. Ese día, en la estación meteorológica de Bainoa se registró el record nacional de 0.6°C." 
  114. ^ a b c "NOWData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 27 October 2011. 
  115. ^ Priit J. Vesilind (Aug 2003). "The Driest Place on Earth". NationalGeographic.com. Retrieved 2010-08-20. 
  116. ^ "Estimating Bounds on Extreme Precipitation Events: A Brief Assessment". Retrieved 2 July 2012. 
  117. ^ USA Today http://www.usatoday.com/weather/news/1999/wsnorcrd.htm |url= missing title (help). 
  118. ^ Center for Severe Weather Research (2006). "Doppler On Wheels". Retrieved 2007-02-18. 
  119. ^ World: Maximum Surface Wind Gust (3-Second) at the World Meteorological Organization website
  120. ^ "101 Amazing Earth Facts". SPACE.com. Retrieved 2010-08-20. 
  121. ^ "Tornadoes in Bangladesh". Tornadoproject.com. Retrieved 2010-08-20. 
  122. ^ "Research: Tornado Extremes". TORRO. Retrieved 2010-08-20. 
  123. ^ National Climate Centre. "Australian Climate Extremes-Storm". BOM. Retrieved 2012-09-03. 
  124. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-08-20. 
  125. ^ "Extreme Weather: A Guide and Record Book". Extremeweatherguide.com. Retrieved 2010-08-20. 
  126. ^ a b "Appendix I – Weather Extremes". San Diego, California: National Weather Service. Archived from the original on 28 May 2008. Retrieved 2010-06-01. 
  127. ^ NWS (30 July 2010). "Record Setting Hail Event in Vivian, South Dakota on July 23, 2010". Aberdeen, South Dakota: National Weather Service. Archived from the original on 3 August 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-03. 
  128. ^ "Largest Hailstone in U.S. History Found". News.nationalgeographic.com. Retrieved 2010-08-20. 
  129. ^ Cerveny, Randall S.; Jay Lawrimore, Roger Edwards, and Christopher Landsea (June 2007). "Extreme Weather Records. Compilation, Adjudication, and Publication". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 88 (6): 853–860. Bibcode:2007BAMS...88..853C. doi:10.1175/BAMS-88-6-853. 
  130. ^ "NASA – NASA Satellite Identifies the World's Most Intense Thunderstorms". Nasa.gov. Retrieved 2010-08-20. 
  131. ^ a b "World: Highest Sea Level Air Pressure Above 750 meters". Arizona State University. Retrieved 7 October 2012. 
  132. ^ a b "World: Highest Sea Level Air Pressure Below 750 meters". Arizona State University. Retrieved 7 October 2012. 

External links [edit]

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_weather_records&oldid=555923432"