White Hispanic and Latino Americans

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For the white population of Latin America, see White Latin American.
White Hispanic and Latino Americans
Estadounidenses hispanos y latinos blancos
Hispanic-Americans.png
David Farragut[1] · Romualdo Pacheco[2] · Rita Hayworth[3] · Bob Martinez[4] · Martin Sheen[5] · Raquel Welch[6] · Kenny Ortega · Andy García[7] · Michael Lopez-Alegria[8] · Salma Hayek[9] · Christy Turlington[10] · Ricky Martin[11] · Cameron Diaz[12] · Joanna Garcia · Christina Aguilera[13] · Pitbull[14] · Alexis Bledel[7] · Paz de la Huerta
Total population
White Hispanic or Latino Americans
26,735,713[15]
8.7% of the United States population (2010)[15]
53.0% of all Hispanic and Latino Americans (2010)[15]
Regions with significant populations
All areas of the United States
California California 6,503,487 [16]
Texas Texas 5,398,738 [16]
Florida Florida 2,867,365 [16]
Languages

English · Spanish · Spanglish
Religion

Predominately Christian (Roman Catholic(majority) and Protestant) ·
Jewish and others.

In the United States, a White Hispanic or White Latino[17] is a citizen or resident who is racially white and of Hispanic descent. White American, itself an official U.S. racial category, refers to people "having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa" who reside in the United States.[18]

Based on the definitions created by the Office of Management and Budget and the U.S. Census Bureau, the concepts of race and ethnicity are mutually independent, and respondents to the census and other Census Bureau surveys are asked to answer both questions. Hispanicity is independent of race, and constitutes an ethnicity category, as opposed to a racial category, the only one of which that is officially collated by the U.S. Census Bureau. For the Census Bureau, Ethnicity distinguishes between those who report ancestral origins in Spain or Hispanic America (Hispanic and Latino Americans), and those who do not (Non-Hispanic Americans).[19][20] The U.S. Census Bureau asks each resident to report the "race or races with which they most closely identify."[21]

White Americans are therefore divided between "White Hispanic" and "Non Hispanic White," the former consisting of White Americans who report Hispanophone ancestry (Spain and Hispanic Latin America), and the latter consisting of White Americans who do not report Hispanophone ancestry.

As of 2010, 50.5 million or 16.3% of Americans were ethnically Hispanic or Latino.[15] Of those, 26.7 million, or 53%, were White.

Contents

Demographic information [edit]

In the 2010 United States Census, 50.5 million Americans (16.3% of the total population) listed themselves as ethnically Hispanic or Latino. Of those, 53.0% (26.7 million) self-identified as racially white. The remaining respondents listed their races as: Some other race 36.7%, Two or more races (aka multiracial) 6.0%, Black or African American 2.5%, American Indian and Alaska Native 1.4%, Asian 0.4%, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 0.1%.[15]

The respondents in the "Some other race" category are reclassified as white by the Census Bureau in its official estimates of race. This means that more than 90% of all Hispanic or Latino Americans are counted as "white" in some statistics of the US government.[22]

Hispanics and Latinos who are native-born and those who are immigrant identify as White in nearly identical percentages: 53.9 and 53.7, respectively, per figures from 2007. The overall Hispanic or Latino ratio was 53.8%.[23]

Population by national origin [edit]

White Hispanics by National Origin, 2010[24]
Hispanic National Origin White population Percentage within group
Mexican 31,798,258 63.0%
Puerto Rican 4,623,716 9.2%
Cuban 1,785,547 3.5%
Salvadoran 1,648,968 3.3%
Dominican 1,414,703 2.8%
Guatemalan 1,044,209 2.1%
Spaniard 635,253 1.3%
Honduran 633,401 1.3%
South American 2,769,434 5.5%
All other Hispanics 3,452,403 6.8%

Some Hispanic or Latino American groups that have white majorities or pluralities originate in countries that do not. For example, Mexico's population is 9%[25] or about 17%[26] White only (note that a majority of Mexicans are Mestizo, of part European descent), while 52.8% of Mexican Americans are White, or identify themselves as white in the Census. (See the table.)

Representation in the media [edit]

White Hispanics by State, 2007 ACS[16]
State Population % of State % of Hispanics
California 6,503,487 18 49
Texas 5,398,738 23 63
Florida 2,867,365 16 76
New York 1,161,663 7 37
Arizona 1,113,398 18 59
Illinois 715,315 6 37
New Jersey 660,649 8 48
Colorado 601,488 12 62
New Mexico 530,612 27 61
Nevada 412,985 16 64
Regional Distribution of White Hispanics, 2000[27]
Region of the U.S
West 37.7%
South 40.8%
Midwest 8.4%
Northeast 13%

Contrary to their purpose, in popular use Hispanic and Latino are often given racial values, usually non-white and mixed race, such as half-caste or mulatto, in spite of the racial diversity of Hispanic and Latino Americans. Hispanics commonly draw ancestry from European, African, and Native American populations in different proportions; some Hispanics are entirely of European ancestry, some are of African ancestry, and some are predominantly of Native Central or South American origin; but a large number Hispanics are descended from an admixture of two, three or more origins. Paradoxically, it is common for them to be stereotyped as being exclusively non-white due merely to their Spanish-speaking country of origin, regardless of whether their ancestry is European or not.[28][29][30][31] Judith Ortiz Cofer notes that appellation varies according to geographical location, observing that in Puerto Rico she is considered to be a white person, but in the United States she is considered to be a "brown person."[32]

On the other hand, since the early days of the movie industry in the U.S., when White Hispanic actors are given roles, they are frequently cast in non-Hispanic white roles.[30][33] Hispanic and Latino Americans began to appear in the US movie industry in the 1910s, and the leading players among them "were generally light skinned and Caucasian".[33]

Myrtle Gonzalez was one such American actress in the silent film era; she starred in at least 78 motion pictures from 1913 to 1917.[34] Anita Page was an American actress of Spanish and Salvadoran descent who reached stardom in 1928, during the last years of the silent film.[35] Page was referred to as "a blond, blue-eyed Latin" and "the girl with the most beautiful face in Hollywood".[36][37]

Even in the current day, because Americans associate Hispanic origin with brown and olive skin, Hollywood has difficulty making a place for Hispanics with conventionally Caucasian features and will typically sell them as non-Hispanic white, as in the case of Cameron Díaz, Emilio Estévez and Charlie Sheen. Most Americans may not be aware that the actress who played "all-American" Gilmore Girl Lorelai Leigh "Rory" Gilmore — Alexis Bledel — is also Hispanic, with a mother from Mexico and father from Argentina.[38] The only White Hispanics who are associated by Americans as Hispanics are having typical Southern European appearance.

Some accuse the U.S. Hispanic media and the Latin American media of over-representing White Hispanic and Latino Americans and White Latin Americans (very often blond and blue-eyed or green-eyed), particularly in telenovelas (soap operas), while underrepresenting majority of non-white Hispanic and Latino Americans and non-white Latin Americans, amid claims that telenovelas, in particular, do not reflect the racial spectrum of Hispanic and Latino Americans.[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] [48] For example, in the 2005 U.S. Hispanic telenovela Olvidarte Jamas, white, blond, and blue-eyed Venezuelan American actress Sonya Smith portrayed Luisa Dominguez who is a poor mestiza woman; the actress had to wear a black wig to hide her obvious Caucasian appearance.

Marriage trends [edit]

A study of married, Hispanic, male householders revealed that U.S.-born Hispanic Whites often marry a non-Hispanic partner, although 66% still marry a Hispanic White partner. In comparison, 88% of foreign-born Hispanic White males married Hispanic White wives. Regarding U.S.-born people only, White women of non-Hispanic origin are many times more likely to marry Hispanic men of Some other race than are Hispanic White women, as 19% of native-born Hispanic Some other race householders are married to non-Hispanic White wives, compared to 2% who are married to Hispanic White wives. Hispanics who identify as "White" are roughly 1.5 times as likely to marry non-Hispanic Whites as Hispanics who do not. (Trends for Hispanic wives marrying non-Hispanic White husbands are not shown on this table.)

Race and Ethnic Distribution of Wives by Husband's Nativity, Race and Ethnicity 2000[27]
Race and Ethnicity of Husband
Native-born Foreign-born
Race and Ethnicity of Wife White Hispanic SOR Hispanic White Hispanic SOR Hispanic
White Hispanic 66% 2% 88% 3%
SOR Hispanic 2% 73% 2% 90%
Non-Hispanic White 28% 19% 7% 4%

See also [edit]

References [edit]

  1. ^ "David Farragut". Nndb.com. Retrieved 2010-07-29. 
  2. ^ "California State Library". Californiagovernors.ca.gov. March 23, 2007. Retrieved 2010-07-29. 
  3. ^ "Rita Hayworth". Nndb.com. Retrieved 2010-07-29. 
  4. ^ "2009 Great Floridians Designated During Florida Heritage Month " 2009 " Press Release " Communications " Florida Department of State". Dos.state.fl.us. March 19, 2009. Retrieved 2010-07-29. 
  5. ^ "Martin Sheen". Nndb.com. Retrieved 2010-07-29. 
  6. ^ "Raquel Welch". Pbs.org. Retrieved 2010-07-29. 
  7. ^ a b "Roger Hernandez: Decline of the "White non-Hispanic" No Big Deal". Huffington Post. August 25, 2008. Retrieved 2010-07-29. 
  8. ^ "Astronaut Bio: Michael Lopez-Alegria (08/2008)". Jsc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2010-07-29. 
  9. ^ "Salma Hayek — Biography.com Biography". Biography.com. Retrieved 2010-07-29. 
  10. ^ "Christy Turlington". Nndb.com. Retrieved 2010-07-29. 
  11. ^ Boricua pop: Puerto Ricans and the .... Google Books. 2004-05. ISBN 978-0-8147-5818-2. Retrieved 2010-07-29. 
  12. ^ "Cameron Diaz". Nndb.com. Retrieved 2010-07-29. 
  13. ^ "Christina Aguilera". Nndb.com. Retrieved 2010-07-29. 
  14. ^ Christopher Lopez (February 4, 2010). "Pitbull headlines the Pepsi Musica Super Bowl Fan Jam — Page 1 – Music — Miami". Miami New Times. Retrieved 2010-07-29. 
  15. ^ a b c d e Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010. (PDF).
  16. ^ a b c d "B03002. HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY RACE". 2007 American Community Survey. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-10-30. 
  17. ^ U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, Social & Demographic Statistics. "U.S. Census Bureau Guidance on the Presentation and Comparison of Race and Hispanic Origin Data". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-03-29. 
  18. ^ "2000 Census of Population, Public Law 94-171 Redistricting Data File: Race". U.S. Census Bureau. 
  19. ^ "American FactFinder Help". Factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2010-07-29. 
  20. ^ "American FactFinder Help". Factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2010-07-29. 
  21. ^ "American Indian and Alaska Native persons, percent, 2000". Quickfacts.census.gov. Retrieved 2010-07-29. 
  22. ^ "T4-2008. Hispanic or Latino By Race [15]". 2008 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2010-03-18. 
  23. ^ Grieco, Elizabeth M. "Race and Hispanic Origin of the Foreign-Born Population in the United States: 2007; American Community Survey Reports". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2010-05-27. 
  24. ^ Sharon R. Ennis, Merarys Ríos-Vargas, Nora G. Albert (May 2011). "The Hispanic Population: 2010" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. p. 14 (Table 6). Retrieved 2011-07-11. 
  25. ^ "CIA — The World Factbook – Mexico". Retrieved 2010-03-18. 
  26. ^ "Mexico — Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Britannica.com. Retrieved 2010-07-29. 
  27. ^ a b Tafoya, Sonya (2004). "Shades of Belonging" (PDF). Pew Hispanic Center. Retrieved 2008-01-22.  (Note: As used in this source, the word "Spanish" obeys the Census Bureau usage of the term, which does not correspond to Americans with direct origins in Spain, whom the Census Bureau classifies as "Spaniards" instead. See Spanish American for more.)
  28. ^ Separated by a common language: The case of the white Hispanic. Rawstory.com.
  29. ^ Hispanics: A Culture, Not a Race. Campello.tripod.com.
  30. ^ a b "Hispanic roles on American television". Retrieved 2008-05-17. 
  31. ^ "Latinas in U.S. Media". Retrieved 2008-05-17. 
  32. ^ Pauline T. Newton (2005). "An Interview with Judith Ortiz Cofer". Transcultural Women Of Late-Twentieth-Century U.S. American Literature. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 161. ISBN 0-7546-5212-2. 
  33. ^ a b "Silent Films, Sound, Resisting Stereotypes, The New Generation, Assessment, Oscar Winners and Nominees, Latinos., Latinas". Retrieved 2010-03-19. 
  34. ^ Rosa Linda Fregoso (2003). MeXicana encounters: the making of social identities on the borderlands. University of California Press. pp. 108–111. ISBN 978-0-520-23890-9. Retrieved August 12, 2010. 
  35. ^ Anita Page: Star of the silent screen. Independent.co.uk (September 8, 2008).
  36. ^ Heroes, Lovers, and Others. Books.google.co.uk.
  37. ^ Latinas in the United States. Books.google.co.uk (June 30, 2006).
  38. ^ Brady, James (August 3, 2008). "In Step With Alexis Bledel". Parade Magazine. Retrieved February 2, 2009. 
  39. ^ Quinonez, Ernesto (June 19, 2003). "Y Tu Black Mama Tambien". Retrieved 2008-05-02. 
  40. ^ The Blond, Blue-Eyed Face of Spanish TV. Washingtonpost.com (August 3, 2000).
  41. ^ Blonde, Blue-Eyed Euro-Cute Latinos on Spanish TV. Latinola.com (October 24, 2010).
  42. ^ Latinos Not Reflected on Spanish TV. Vidadeoro.com (October 25, 2010).
  43. ^ What are Telenovelas? – Hispanic Culture. Bellaonline.com.
  44. ^ Racial Bias Charged On Spanish-Language TV. Articles.sun-sentinel.com (August 6, 2000).
  45. ^ Black Electorate. Black Electorate (January 2, 2001).
  46. ^ Skin tone consciousness in Asian and Latin American populations. Boston.com (August 19, 2004).
  47. ^ Corpus: A Home Movie For Selena. Pbs.org.
  48. ^ Soap Operas on Latin TV are Lily White[dead link]

External links [edit]
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1 Poles came to the United States legally as Austrians, Germans or Prussians as well as Russians throughout the 19th century, because from 1772-1795 till 1918, all Polish lands had been partitioned between imperial Austria, Prussia (a protoplast of Germany) and Russia until Poland regained its sovereignty at the end of World War One. The country's borders were consolidated in 1922/1923.

2   Russia is a transcontinental country in eastern Europe and northern Asia. Although most of its territory is in Asia (78%), mostly its post-colonial territories added to European Russia, vast majority of its population (80%) lives in European Russia, therefore Russia as a whole is included as a European country.

3   Yugoslav Americans are the American people from the former Yugoslavia, formed by most of current countries of the Balkans.
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