White clover mosaic virus
| White clover mosaic virus (WCMV) | |
|---|---|
| Virus classification | |
| Group: | Group IV ((+)ssRNA) |
| Family: | Flexiviridae |
| Genus: | Potexvirus |
| Species: | White clover mosaic virus |
| Synonyms | |
|
clover mosaic virus |
|
White clover mosaic virus (WClMV) is a plant pathogenic virus [1] in the genus Potexvirus and the family Flexiviridae. WClMV is a filamentous, flexuous rod, 480 nm in length and 13 nm wide.
The virus is a monopartite strand of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA surrounded by a capsid made from a single viral encoded protein. The genome has been completely sequenced [2] and is 5845 nucleotides long. It is transmitted by mechanical inoculation, contact between plants and sometimes by seed (6% in Trifolium pretense). No insect vector is known.
Contents |
[edit] Host Range and Geographic Distribution
Its major host is clover (Trifolium spp) [3]. It first reported in Trifolium repens in 1935 [4]. In the western United States and south western Canada it had been found in clover in a mixed infection with another potexvirus, Clover yellow mosaic virus [5][6]. It is also known to infect peas (Pisum sativum), faba beans (Vicia faba), green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), cucumbers (Cucumis sativus), squash ( Cucurbita pepo ), and tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) [7].
This virus is believed to be distributed in temperate regions worldwide [8].
[edit] Diagnosis
Potexviruses make banded inclusions [9] made up of layers of parallel virus particles. These inclusions can be seen in the light microscope in leaf strips of infected plant tissue stained with Azure A or Orange-Green stains [10][11]. The banded inclusions produced by WClMV are disrupted by the process of staining for inclusions. Those of ClYMV are not and thus inclusions can be used to distinguish these two potexviruses. Antiserum [12] and sequence data [13] are also available for the diagnosis [14] of this virus.
[edit] References
- ^ About Plant Viruses
- ^ Forster R. L. et al. 1988. The complete nucleotide sequence of the potexvirus white clover mosaic virus. Nucleic Acids Res. 16:291–303.
- ^ Symptoms in clover
- ^ Pierce, W.H. 1935. J. Asgric Res 51:1017
- ^ Johnson, Phytopathology 32: 103, 1942.
- ^ Pratt, M.J. Can. J. Bot. 39: 655, 1961
- ^ Bancroft et al. 1960 Phytopatholgy 50:711-15
- ^ Descriptions of Plant Viruses
- ^ Potexvirus Inclusions
- ^ Materials and Methods for the Detection of Viral Inclusions
- ^ Christie, R.G. and Edwardson, J.R. (1977). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. No. 9, 150 pp.
- ^ http://www.dsmz.de/plant_viruses/info.php?id_spec=190&from=plant_virus_index_species&select=W
- ^ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?db=nuccore&id=20564145
- ^ How do you diagnose a virus infection in a plant?
