William Law

This article is about the British theological writer. For the member of the Latter Day Saints First Presidency, see William Law (Latter Day Saints).

William Law (1686 – 9 April 1761) was an English cleric, divine and theological writer.

Early life

Law was born at Kings Cliffe, Northamptonshire in 1686. In 1705 he entered as a sizar at Emmanuel College, Cambridge; in 1711 he was elected fellow of his college and was ordained. He resided at Cambridge, teaching and taking occasional duty until the accession of George I, when his conscience forbade him to take the oaths of allegiance to the new government and of abjuration of the Stuarts. His Jacobitism had already been betrayed in a tripos speech. This brought him trouble: he was deprived of his fellowship and became a non-juror.

For the next few years he is said to have been a curate in London. By 1727 he lived with Edward Gibbon (1666–1736) at Putney as tutor to his son Edward, father of the historian, who says that Law became the much-honoured friend and spiritual director of the whole family. In the same year he accompanied his pupil to Cambridge and lived with him as governor, in term time, for the next four years. His pupil then went abroad but Law was left at Putney, where he remained in Gibbon's house for more than 10 years, acting as a religious guide not only to the family but to a number of earnest-minded people who came to consult him. The most eminent of these were the two brothers John and Charles Wesley, John Byrom the poet, George Cheyne the physician and Archibald Hutcheson, MP for Hastings.

The household was dispersed in 1737. Law was parted from his friends and in 1740 retired to Kings Cliffe, where he had inherited from his father a house and a small property. There he was presently joined by two women, a Mrs Hutcheson, the rich widow of his old friend, who recommended her on his death-bed to place herself under Law's spiritual guidance, and Hester Gibbon, sister to his late pupil. This curious trio lived for 21 years a life wholly given to devotion, study and charity, until the death of Law on the 9 April 1761.

Bangorian controversy and after

For more details on this topic, see Bangorian controversy.

In this field he had no contemporary peer save perhaps Richard Bentley. The first of his controversial works was Three Letters to the Bishop of Bangor (1717), which were considered by friend and foe alike as one of the most powerful contributions to the Bangorian controversy on the high church side. Thomas Sherlock declared that Mr Law was a writer so considerable that he knew but one good reason why his lordship did not answer him.

Law's next controversial work was Remarks on Mandeville's Fable of the Bees (1723), in which he vindicates morality; it was praised by John Sterling, and republished by F. D. Maurice. Law's Case of Reason (1732), in answer to Tindal's Christianity as old as the Creation is to some extent an anticipation of Joseph Butler's argument in the Analogy of Religion. His Letters to a Lady inclined to enter the Church of Rome are specimens of the attitude of a high Anglican towards Romanism.

Writings on practical divinity

A Serious Call to a Devout and Holy Life (1728), together with its predecessor, A Practical Treatise Upon Christian Perfection (1726), deeply influenced the chief actors in the great Evangelical revival. John and Charles Wesley, George Whitefield, Henry Venn, Thomas Scott, and Thomas Adam all express their deep obligation to the author. The Serious Call also affected others deeply. Samuel Johnson, Gibbon, Lord Lyttelton and Bishop Home all spoke enthusiastically of its merits; and it is still the only work by which its author is popularly known. It has high merits of style, being lucid and pointed to a degree. In a tract entitled The Absolute Unlawfulness of Stage Entertainments (1726) Law was tempted by the corruptions of the stage of the period to use unreasonable language, and incurred some effective criticism from John Dennis in The Stage Defended.

Mysticism

Though the least popular^{[citation needed]}, by far the most interesting, original and suggestive^{[citation needed]} of all Law's works are those he wrote in his later years, after he had become an enthusiastic admirer (not a disciple)^{[citation needed]} of Jacob Boehme, the Teutonic theosopher. From his earliest years, he had been deeply impressed with the piety, beauty and thoughtfulness of the writings of the Christian mystics. However, it was not till after his accidental meeting with the works of Boehme, about 1734, that pronounced mysticism appeared in his works. Law's mystic tendencies separated him from the practical-minded Wesley.

Veneration

Law is honored with a feast day on the liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church (USA) on April 10.

List of works

• A Serious Call to a Devout and Holy Life (1729)
• A Demonstration of the Gross and Fundamental Errors of a late Book called a Plain Account, etc., of the Lord's Supper (1737)
• The Grounds and Reasons of the Christian Regeneration (1731)
• Appeal to all that Doubt and Disbelieve the Truths of Revelation (1740)
• An Earnest and Serious Answer to Dr Trapp's Sermon on being Righteous Overmuch (1740)
• The Spirit of Prayer (1749, 1752)
• The Way to Divine Knowledge (1752)
• The Spirit of Love (1752, 1754)
• A Short but Sufficient Confutation of Dr Warburton's Projected Defence (as he calls it) of Christianity in his Divine Legation of Moses (1757)
• A Series of Letters (1760)
• A Dialogue between a Methodist and a Churchman (1760)
• An Humble, Earnest and Affectionate Address to the Clergy (1761) renamed "The Power of the Spirit" by Andrew Murray in his 1896 reprint.
• You Will Receive Power
• The Way to Christ by Jakob Boehme, translated by William Law

References

• Richard Tighe (1813) A Short Account of the Life and Writings of the Late Rev. William Law
• Christopher Walton (1848) Notes and Materials for a Complete Biography of W Law
• Leslie Stephen, English Thought in the 18th century
• W. E. H. Lecky (1878–90) History of England in the 18th Century
• Charles J. Abbey (1887) The English Church in the 18th Century
• John Henry Overton (1881) William Law, Nonjuror and Mystic
•  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Law, William". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 
•  Stephen, Leslie (1892). "Law, William". In Sidney Lee. Dictionary of National Biography. 32. London: Smith, Elder & Co.