William Strickland (architect)

For other people named William Strickland, see William Strickland (disambiguation).

Portrait of Strickland standing before the Second Bank of the United States, Philadelphia. John Neagle, 1829, Yale University Art Gallery

William Strickland (Navesink, New Jersey, November 1788 - Nashville, Tennessee, April 6, 1854), was a noted architect in nineteenth-century Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Nashville, Tennessee.

Life and career

Strickland was one of the founders of the Greek Revival movement in the United States, using the plates of The Antiquities of Athens for his inspiration.

Strickland's design for the Second Bank of the United States in Philadelphia (1819–1824) beat out the design of his teacher, Benjamin Latrobe. Although Strickland was still copying classical prototypes at this point, the Second Bank is an ambitious building modeled on the greatest Greek design: The Parthenon of Athens. The competition had called for "chaste" Greek style: Strickland's elegant Greek temple design is a fitting result. The architect clearly saw this building as one of his major accomplishments, as he had it included as the background of the portrait that Philadelphia society painter John Neagle did of Strickland in 1829 (Yale University Art Gallery)

Second Bank of the United States, Philadelphia. (1819-24)

Comparison of the Second Bank of the U.S. with the later Merchants' Exchange (1832-4), also in Philadelphia, reveals the growth of Strickland's talent and confidence as an architect. With the Merchant Exchange, Strickland still had a classical example in mind (the cupola is based on the Choragic Monument of Lysicrates), but created a unique building specifically styled to fit the site. The Merchant's Exchange was to be located on a slightly-awkward triangular plot, at the intersection of two major thoroughfares, between the waterfront and the business district. The elegant, curved east façade faces toward the waterfront, and reflects the carriage and foot traffic that would have been circulating in front of the building. This elevation is unique — Greek Revival, but modern — while a more staid and formal elevation can be found on the west side, facing Third Street. This building demonstrates Strickland's maturity as an architect, showing that some of America's architects were truly innovating in the Greek Revival.

Merchants' Exchange, Philadelphia, PA (1832-34).

Another of Strickland's buildings was the National Mechanic Bank at 22 South 3rd St. The bank's construction began in 1836 on a narrow plot between two taller neighbors. Strickland took the narrow space, however, and used strong, square pilasters to support the portico as well as ornate stone carving at their tops to defend the building against its taller and bulkier neighbors. The building is one of Strickland's smallest and has since gone through several changes of ownership. The building is now occupied by National Mechanics Bar and Restaurant. It was one of Strickland's last Philadelphia buildings.

Strickland also executed works in other styles, including very early American work in the Gothic Revival style, including his Masonic Hall (1808–11, burned 1819) and his Saint Stephen's Church (1823), both in Philadelphia. He also made use of Egyptian, Saracenic and Italianate styles. He later moved to Nashville, Tennessee, where his Egyptian-influenced design of the First Presbyterian Church (now the Downtown Presbyterian Church) was controversial but today is widely recognized as a masterpiece and an important evocation of the Egyptian Revival style.

Strickland was also a civil engineer and one of the first to advocate the use of steam locomotives on railways. In his youth he was a landscape painter, illustrator for periodicals, theatrical scene painter, engraver, and pioneer aquatintist. William Levitt (Early Railways 3, 2006) argues that Strickland's observations made during visits to England in the 1820s were highly influential in the transfer of railway technology to the United States.^{[citation needed]}

Strickland is buried within the walls of his final, and arguably greatest work, the Tennessee State Capitol.

Tennessee State Capitol, Nashville, TN (1845-59). Strickland is buried in a crypt within the Capitol.

Selected works

Philadelphia buildings

• Masonic Hall, Philadelphia (1808–11, burned 3 March 1819).
• Holy Trinity Romanian Orthodox Church, Philadelphia, also known as the former St. John's Episcopal Church (1815–16).
• Second Bank of the United States, Philadelphia (1819–24).
• St. Stephen's Episcopal Church, Philadelphia (1822–23).
• Musical Fund Hall, The Musical Fund Society, Philadelphia (1824, substantially altered).
• Second Congregation Mikveh Israel Synagogue, Philadelphia (1825, demolished).
• United States Naval Asylum, Philadelphia (1826–33, now condominiums).
• Restoration of the tower of Independence Hall, Philadelphia (1828).
• First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia, (1828)
• University of Pennsylvania (9th Street buildings), Philadelphia (1829).
• United States Mint, Philadelphia (1829–33, demolished 1902).
• Merchants' Exchange, Philadelphia (1832–34).

Buildings elsewhere

• College of Charleston, Main Building (now Randolph Hall), Charleston, South Carolina (1828, extensively altered 1850).
• U.S. Branch Mint, Charlotte, North Carolina (1835, moved to new location 1930s). Now Mint Museum of Art.
• U.S. Branch Mint, Dahlonega, Georgia (1835, burned 1878).
• U.S. Branch Mint, New Orleans, Louisiana (1835–38).
• Providence Athenaeum, Providence, Rhode Island (1837–38).
• Grace Church, Keswick, Virginia (1848–55).

Tennessee

• St. Mary's Catholic Church, Nashville, Tennessee (1845–47).
• Tennessee State Capitol, Nashville, Tennessee (1845–59).
• Second Presbyterian Church, Nashville, Tennessee (1846, demolished 1979).
• Wilson County Courthouse, Lebanon, Tennessee (1848, burned 1881).
• First Presbyterian Church, Nashville, Tennessee (1848–49).
• Belmont Mansion, Nashville, Tennessee (1849–53). Formerly Acklen Hall during Ward-Belmont College years, Belmont University.

Gallery

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  Masonic Hall, Philadelphia (1808-11, burned 1819).

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  "View of the Chain Bridge invented by James Finley Esq.", William Strickland, delineator. The Portfolio, June 1810.

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  Saint Stephen's Episcopal Church, Philadelphia, PA (1822-23).

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  "G. Stephenson's Patent Locomotive Engine." William Strickland, artist and engraver (1826).

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  United States Naval Asylum, Philadelphia, PA (1826-33)

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  University of Pennsylvania (9th Street buildings), Philadelphia, PA (1829, demolished).

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  United States Mint, Philadelphia, PA (1829-33, demolished 1902).

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  United States Mint, Charlotte, NC (1835, moved to new location 1930s). Now Mint Museum of Art.

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  United States Mint, New Orleans, LA (1835-38). Now Louisiana State Museum.

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  Providence Athenaeum, Providence, RI (1837-38).

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  Tennessee State Capitol (1845-59), interior.

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  First Presbyterian Church, Nashville, TN (1848-49).

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  Grace Church, Keswick, VA (1848-55).

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  Belmont Mansion, Nashville, TN (1849-53). Now Acklen Hall, Belmont University.

References

• Gilchrist, Agnes Addison (1950). William Strickland: Architect and Engineer, 1788-1854. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 
• "Strickland, William (1788-1854)" Philadelphia Architects And Buildings. Available: <http://www.philadelphiabuildings.org/pab/app/ar_display.cfm/25248>