Woodwind instrument
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A woodwind instrument is a musical instrument which produces sound when the player blows air against an edge of, or opening in, the instrument, causing the air to vibrate within a resonator. Most of these instruments were originally made of wood, but some, such as the saxophone and most flutes, are now commonly made of other materials such as metals or plastics.
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[edit] Types of woodwind instruments
- Single-reed instruments use a reed, which is a thin-cut piece of cane or plastic that is held against the aperture of a mouthpiece with a ligature. When air is forced between the reed and the mouthpiece, the reed vibrates, creating the sound. Single reed instruments include the clarinet and saxophone families of instruments.
- Double-reed instruments, use two precisely cut, small pieces of cane joined together at the base. The finished, bound reed is inserted into the top of the instrument and vibrates as air is forced between the two pieces. There are two sub-families:
- Exposed double-reed instruments, where the reed goes between the player's lips. The oboe, cor anglais (also called English horn) and bassoon make up the more popular instruments within this family.
- Capped double-reed instruments, where the player just blows through a hole in a cap that covers the reed. This family includes most bagpipes, the crumhorn, and the cornamuse.
- Flutes produce sound when air is blown across an edge. There are two sub-families:
- Open flute family, where the player's lips form a stream of air which goes directly from the players lips to the edge, such as transverse flutes and end-blown flutes. Modern concert flutes are usually made of pure metal or a combination of metals including nickel, silver, and gold.
- Closed flute family, where the instrument forms and directs the air stream over the edge. This family includes fipple based flutes like whistles and the recorder family.
[edit] Modern symphony orchestra woodwinds
The modern symphony orchestra's woodwinds section typically includes: 3 flutes, 1 piccolo, 3 oboes, 1 English horn, 3 clarinets, 1 bass clarinet, 3 bassoons, and 1 double bassoon. The section may also on occasion be expanded by the addition of a saxophone.[1]
[edit] Longest note
The world's longest sustained note on a clarinet is 1 minute and 16 seconds. Phil Palmer of Wolverhampton, England, broke the record on 27 November 2006 at Coppice High School, Ashmore Park, Wednesfield, Wolverhampton. Using a clarinet, he produced the note in a single breath, at an average volume of 66 decibels.[2]
[edit] See also
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Woodwind instruments |
[edit] References
- ^ Apel, Willi, ed., Harvard Dictionary of Music, Second Edition, pp. 604-5. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1969. SBN 674375017.
- ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/west_midlands/6189952.stm
[edit] External links
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