Writer's block

For other uses, see Writer's block (disambiguation).

Defining Writer’s Block

Throughout history writer’s block has been a documented problem . References to writers’ struggle with the affliction touch literary greats like F. Scott Fitzgerald’s . and pop culture cartoonist, Charles Schultz . Writer's block is a condition, primarily associated with writing as a profession, in which an author loses the ability to produce new work. The condition varies widely in intensity. It can be trivial, a temporary difficulty in dealing with the task at hand. At the other extreme, some "blocked" writers have been unable to work for years on end, and some have even abandoned their careers.^{[citation needed]} It can manifest as the affected writer viewing their work as inferior or unsuitable, when in fact it could be the opposite. The research concentrating on this topic abounded in the late 1970s and 1980s. During this time, researchers were influenced by the Process and Post-Process movements, and therefore, focused specifically on the writer’s processes. The condition was first described in 1947 by psychoanalyst Edmund Bergler..

Irene Clark notes that writer’s block is a common affliction that most writers will experience at one time or another . Mike Rose defines writer’s block as “an inability to begin or continue writing for reasons other than lack of basic skill or commitment” . Additionally, The Purdue Online Writing Lab says, “Because writers have various ways of writing, a variety of things can cause a writer to experience anxiety, and sometimes this anxiety leads to writer's block . The literature seems to focuses on two areas related to writer’s clock: causes and potential cures or invention strategies.

Causes of writer's block

Writer's block may have many or several causes. Some are essentially creative problems that originate within an author's work itself. A writer may run out of inspiration. The writer may be greatly distracted and feel he or she may have something that needs to be done beforehand. A project may be fundamentally misconceived, or beyond the author's experience or ability. A fictional example can be found in George Orwell's novel Keep The Aspidistra Flying, in which the protagonist Gordon Comstock struggles in vain to complete an epic poem describing a day in London: "It was too big for him, that was the truth. It had never really progressed, it had simply fallen apart into a series of fragments." Additionally, Peter Elbow discusses in his article "Closing My Eyes as I Speak: An Argument for Ignoring Audience," that while audience awareness is important, an over awareness of audience can be paralyzing and can cause writer's block.

Other blocks, especially the more serious kind, may be produced by adverse circumstances in a writer's life or career: physical illness, depression, the end of a relationship, financial pressures, a sense of failure.^{[citation needed]} The pressure to produce work may in itself contribute to a writer's block, especially if they are compelled to work in ways that are against their natural inclination, i.e. too fast or in some unsuitable style or genre. In some cases, writer's block may also come from feeling intimidated by a previous big success, the creator putting on themselves a paralyzing pressure to find something to equate that same success again. The writer Elizabeth Gilbert, reflecting on her post-bestseller prospects, proposes that such a pressure might be released by interpreting creative writers as "having" genius rather than "being" a genius. In George Gissing's New Grub Street, one of the first novels to take writer's block as a main theme, the novelist Edwin Reardon becomes completely unable to write and is shown as suffering from all those problems.

It has been suggested that Writer's Block is more than just a mentality. Under stress, a human brain will “shift control from the cerebral cortex to the limbic system”. The limbic system is associated with the instinctual processes, such as “fight or flight” response. Because the person is primarily thinking in instinctual (learned) behaviors, creative processes are hindered. The person is often unaware of the change, which may lead them to believe they are creatively “blocked”. In her 2004 book The Midnight Disease: The Drive to Write, Writer's Block, and the Creative Brain (ISBN 9780618230655), the writer and neurologist Alice W. Flaherty has argued that literary creativity is a function of specific areas of the brain, and that block may be the result of brain activity being disrupted in those areas.

For a composition perspective, :Lawrence Oliver says, in his article, “Helping Students Overcome Writer’s Block,” “[Students] receive little or no advice on how to generate ideas or explore their thoughts, and they usually must proceed through the writing process without guidance or corrective feedback from the teacher, who withholds comments and criticism until grading the final product” . He says, students “learn to write by writing,” and often they are paralyzed by rules and/or insecure .

While some researchers, like Walter Ong, claim that the audience is fictionalized for a writer . Peter Elbow discusses, in his article, “Speaking with My Eyes Closed,” his “a limited claim” that in fact an over-awareness of a physical audience may cause a writer to block. He says that the idea of audience is often over-whelming and that if this is the case, writers should focus a first draft on writing without an audience (or to the wrong audience), and then in revision go back a writer for a focused audience .

Phyllis Koestenbaum wrote in her article, “The Secret Climate the Year I Stopped Writing” about her trepidation toward writing and claimed it was tied directly to her instructor’s response . She says, “I needed to write to feel, but without feeling I couldn't write” . To contrast Koestenbaum experience, Nancy Sommers express her belief that papers don’t end when students write that and neither should instructors’ comments . She urges a “partnership” between writers and instructors so that responses become a conversation .

James Adams notes in his book, Conceptual Blockbusting, various reasons blocks occur including fear of taking a risk, “chaos” in the pre-writing stage, judging versus generating ideas, unable to incubate ideas, or lack of motivation. Additionally, The Purdue Online Writing Lab explains common causes ranging an author being assigned a boring topic to an author who is so stressed out he/she cannot put words on the page, and suggests “possible cures” or invention strategy for each .

Invention Strategies

As far as strategies for coping with writer’s block Clark describes: class and group discussion, journals, free writing and brainstorming, clustering, list making, and engaging with the text . To overcome writing blocks, Oliver suggests that asking students questions to uncover their writing process . Then he recommends solutions such as systematic questioning, freewriting, and encouragement

Garbrielle Lussor Rico’s concern with the mind links to [Cognitive Theory] also explored by Rose and Linda Flowers and John R. Hayes among others. Rico’s book, Writing the Natural Way looks into invention strategies, such as clustering, which has been noted to be an invention strategy used to help writers overcome their blocks , and further emphasizes the solutions presented in works by Rose, Oliver, and Clark. Similar to Rico, James Adams discusses right brain involvement in writing . While Downey purposes that he is basing his approach in practical concerns , his concentration on right brain techniques speaks to Cognitive Theory approach similar to Rico’s and a more practical advise for writers to approach their writer’s block .

Popular mentions of writer's block

• In the film Barton Fink, the title character, while working on a script for a wrestling picture, types one sentence and is then unable to write anymore and is consumed by a terrible case of writer's block that causes him to descend into madness. The Coen brothers wrote the script for Barton Fink in a matter of weeks to take their minds off Miller's Crossing, another screenplay that caused them writer's block due to the complex plot.^{[citation needed]}

• The Writer's block is mentioned on various occasions in the 2006 film, Stranger Than Fiction. The character of Karen Eiffel admits to suffering from writer's block when she is having difficulty envisioning how to kill her book's hero, Harold Crick.

• It is also featured in the "psychological action thriller" survival horror game Alan Wake, where the main character, best-selling author Alan Wake, is suffering from a form of writer's block for two years on end which leaves him unable to write and nearly ends his marriage because of it. Judging from the messages left upon his answering machine by his editor, the protagonist in the computer game Lighthouse was also suffering from a creative block.

• In the 2004 psychological thriller Secret Window, which is based on the novella "Secret Window, Secret Garden" by Stephen King, the main character is a writer by the name of Mort Rainey played by Johnny Depp, who portrays a man who is going through a divorce and as a result is suffering from writer's block.

• Another one of Stephen King's stories, The Shining (1977), features a character named Jack Torrance who agrees to care for a hotel over its closed winter season and invites his family along to keep him company. As the winter wears on, Torrance grows paralyzed with writer's block and eventually suffers a complete mental breakdown amid the haunting isolation of the hotel. Torrance is played by Jack Nicholson in the film (1980) adapted from the novel.

• Rapper Eminem suffered from writer's block for some time as the artist mentioned in "Talking to Myself", a track on his top selling album Recovery. It was one of the causes for his musical hiatus.^{[citation needed]}

• A group called Bad Meets Evil (the Da Royce 5'9 and Eminem duo) have a song called Writer's Block, which is about their intended messages having already been portrayed in other rap songs.

• English rapper Just Jack's song "Writer's Block" is about how he suffered from writer's block while writing the song as he had too much else on his mind.

• In Wonder Boys by Michael Chabon, the main character Grady Tripp, a college English professor and author of two widely acclaimed novels, claims he does not believe in writer's block, even though he has not been able to finish a promised third novel after seven years.

• Author Julia Cameron advocates the practice of morning pages as a remedy to writer's block. Morning pages are three handwritten pages of free writing where the purpose is to write without the intention of using the writing for anything. It is a practice that can bring your thoughts to the surface and allow you to enter a more creative zone.

• Pearl Jam vocalist Eddie Vedder suffered from writer's block during the recording of Pearl Jam's 2000 album, Binaural.^{[citation needed]} He banned himself from playing guitar until he came up with more lyrics, and a hidden track of typewriter sound effects was added to the album entitled "Writer's Block".

• In the TV series Castle, the main character, Richard Castle, is a bestselling mystery author who seeks inspiration from Kate Beckett in an attempt to cure his writer's block after killing off his most popular character in his last book.

• In Adaptation, the main character, Charlie Kaufman, suffers severe writer's block when he is unable to write the screenplay for The Orchid Thief.

• In the TV series One Tree Hill, the main character, Lucas Scott, suffers from writer's block in season 5.

• In the TV series Daria, the main character, Daria Morgendorffer, developed writer's block while doing a school assignment in the season 2 episode "Write Where It Hurts".

• In the TV Series Californication, the main character, Hank Moody, suffers from writer's block.

• At the time of beginning her solo career, American singer Gwen Stefani was suffering from a writer's block, which then became the theme of her second recording and first single, What You Waiting For? The full length music video also elaborated on this, starting off with a tired and uninspired Gwen, who eventually discovers a flyer advertising help for writer's block.

• While writing the album "Fallen Empires", the lead singer of Snow Patrol, Gary Lightbody, fought writer's block.^{[citation needed]}

• In the 2011 film Limitless, Eddie Morra (played by Bradley Cooper) faces severe writers block, which causes him to take the pill, spiraling the rest of the movies events.

External links

• Upper, Dennis (Fall 1974), "The unsuccessful self-treatment of a case of "writer's block"", Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 7 (3): 497, ISSN 0021-8855, PMC 1311997 
• Flaherty's The Midnight Disease at Google Books.