Xuantu Commandery
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Xuantu Commandery (Chinese:玄菟郡) is one of Four Commanderies of Han in northeasern China. It was established in the 4th year of Yuanfeng (元封四年 107 BCE) after Han Dynasty conquered Wiman Joseon.
In the 5th year of Shiyuan (始元五年, 82 BCE), Han Dynasty changed administrative units of the Four Commanderies of Han, and the government of Xuantu Commandery (Xuantu Jun, 玄菟郡) moved to Gaogouli Prefecture. At the time there were three counties in Xuantu Commandery: Gaogouli (高/Gao means high), Shangyintai (上殷台, 上/Shang means upper) and Xigaima (西蓋馬, 西/Xi means west)[1].
The Book of Han records there holds 45,006 households, with population of 221,845 in Xuantu Commandery.[2]
The administration area gradually shrunk toward the west. The territory on the Blue Sea (Sea of Japan, a counterpart of the Yellow Sea) was lost by 75 BCE due to the pressure from Goguryeo. Later Han lost the original territory of Xuantu Corridor and retreated to Liaodong Peninsula by 107 BCE. Goguryeo rose from this region and conquered it in 302 CE.
In the second year of Jingchu (景初二年, 238), Sima Yi (司馬懿) conquered Gongsun Yuan (公孫淵), and at the time there were four counties in Xuantu Commandery: Gaogouli (高句麗), Gaoxian(高顯), Liaoyang(遼陽), Wangping(望平).
[edit] References
- ^ 《漢書·地理志》：“玄菟郡......, 縣三：高句驪、上殷台、西蓋馬”
- ^ 玄菟郡......, 戶四萬五千六。口二十二萬一千八百四十五。Wikisource: the Book of Han, volume 28-2
