Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic group

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Listed here are notable ethnic groups by Y-DNA haplogroups based on relevant studies. The data are presented in two columns for each haplogroup with the first being the sample size (n) and the second the percentage in the haplogroup designated by the column header. The samples are taken from individuals identified with the ethnic and linguistic designations in the first two columns.

Population Language Family[1] n[2] R1b[3] n R1a n I n E1b1b n E1b1a n J n G n N n T n L
Abazinians Caucasian (Northwest) 14 50000000000000000000[4] 14 700114000000000000014[4] 14 50000000000000000000[4] 14 50000000000000000000[4] 14 50000000000000000000[4] 14 70007000000000000007[4][5] 14 700129000000000000029[4] — — — — — —
Abkhaz Caucasian (Northwest) 12 70008000000000000008[4] 12 700133000000000000033.0[4] 12 700133300999990000033.3[4] 12 50000000000000000000[4] 12 50000000000000000000[4] 12 700125000000000000025[4][5] 12 50000000000000000000[4] — — — — — —
Albanians IE (Albanian) 51 700117600000000000017.6[6] 51 70009800000000000009.8[6] 51 700119600000000000019.6[6] 51 700121600000000000021.6[6] — — 51 700123500000000000023.5[6] 51 70002000000000000002.0[6] 51 50000000000000000000.0[6] 51 50000000000000000000.0[6] 51 50000000000000000000.0[6]
Albanians (Kosovar) IE (Albanian) 114 700121100000000000021.1[7] 114 70004400000000000004.4[7] 114 70007900000000000007.9[7] 114 700147400000000000047.4[7] — — 114 700116700000000000016.7[7] — — — — — — — —
Albanians (Tirana) IE (Albanian) 30 700113300000000000013.3[8] 30 700113300000000000013.3[8] 30 700116700000000000016.7[8] 30 700123300000000000023.3[8] 30 50000000000000000000.0[8] 30 700120000000000000020.0[8] 30 70003300000000000003.3[8] — — — — — —
Albanians IE (Albanian) 55 700118200000000000018.2[9] 55 70009100000000000009.1[9] 55 700121800000000000021.8[9] 55 700125500000000000025.5[9] 55 50000000000000000000.0[9] 55 700123600000000000023.6[9] 55 70001800000000000001.8[9] 55 50000000000000000000.0[9] 55 50000000000000000000.0[9] 55 50000000000000000000.0[9]
Albanians (Macedonia) IE (Albanian) 64 700118800000000000018.8[9] 64 70001600000000000001.6[9] 64 700117200000000000017.2[9] 64 700139100000000000039.1[9] 64 50000000000000000000.0[9] 64 700121900000000000021.9[9] 64 70001600000000000001.6[9] 64 50000000000000000000.0[9] 64 50000000000000000000.0[9] 64 50000000000000000000.0[9]
Albanians IE (Albanian) — — — — 106 700123600000000000023.6[10] — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Altaians Altaic (Turkic) — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 142 70009200000000999999.2[11] — — — —
Altaians (Northern) Altaic (Turkic) 50 70006000000000000006.0[12] 50 700138000000000000038.0 50 50000000000000000000.0 50 50000000000000000000.0 — — 50 70002000000000000002.0 50 50000000000000000000.0 50 700110000000000000010.0 — — — —
Altaians (Southern) Altaic (Turkic) 96 70001000000000000001.0[12] 96 700153100000000000053.1 96 70002100000000000002.1 96 70001000000000000001.0 — — 96 70004200000000000004.2 — — 96 700111500000000000011.5 — — — —
Ambalakarar Dravidian (Southern) 29 50000000000000000000.0[13] 29 700113800000000000013.8[13] 29 50000000000000000000.0[13] 29 50000000000000000000.0[13] 29 50000000000000000000.0[13] 29 70006900000000000006.9[13] 29 70003400000000000003.4[13] 29 50000000000000000000.0[13] 29 50000000000000000000.0[13] 29 700120700000000000020.7[13]
Amhara Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 48 50000000000000000000.0[14] 48 50000000000000000000.0[14] 48 50000000000000000000.0[14] 48 700145800000000000045.8[14] — — 48 700133300999990000033.3[14] 48 50000000000000000000.0[14] 48 50000000000000000000.0[14] 48 70004200000000000004.2[14] 48 50000000000000000000.0[14]
Andalusians IE (Italic) 29 700165500000000000065.5[6] 29 50000000000000000000.0[6] 103 70003900000000000003.9[10] 76 70009200000000999999.2[15] — — 93 70001100000000000001.1[15] 29 50000000000000000000.0[6] 29 50000000000000000000.0[6] 29 70006900000000000006.9[6] 29 70003400000000000003.4[6]
Andis Caucasian (Northeast) 49 70006100000000000006.1[16] 49 70002000000000000002.0[16] 49 700126500000000000026.5[16] 49 70002000000000000002.0[16] — — 49 700155100000000000055.1[16] 49 70006100000000000006.1[16] 49 50000000000000000000.0[16] 49 70002000000000000002.0[16] 49 50000000000000000000.0[16]
Arabs (Algeria) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 35 700113000000000000013.0[17] 35 50000000000000000000.0[17] — — 32 700150000000000000050[15] — — 35 700135000000000000035[17] — — — — — — — —
Arabs (Algeria - Oran) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 102 700110800000000000010.8[18] 102 70001000000000000001[18] — — 102 700150900000000000050.9[18] 102 700112800000000000012.8[18] 102 700127400000000000027.4[18] — — — — — — — —
Arabs (Bedouin) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 32 50000000000000000000.0[19] 32 70009400000000000009.4[19] 32 70006300000000000006.3[19] 32 700118700000000000018.7[19] — — 32 700165600999990000065.6[19] — — — — — — 32 50000000000000000000.0[19]
Arabs (Egyptians) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 147 70004100099999999994.1[20] 147 70002700000000000002.7[20] 147 69997000000000000000.7[20] 147 700136700000000000036.7[20] 147 70002800000000999992.8[20] 147 700132000000000000032.0[20] 147 70008800000000000008.8[20] 147 50000000000000000000.0[20] 147 70008200099999999998.2[20] — —
Arabs (Israel) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 143 70008400000000000008.4[19] 143 70001400000000999991.4[19] 143 70006300000000000006.3[19] 143 700120300000000000020.3[19] — — 143 700155200000000000055.2[19] — — — — — — 143 50000000000000000000.0[19]
Arabs (Morocco) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 44 70003800000000000003.8[7] 44 50000000000000000000.0[7] 44 50000000000000000000.0[7] 49 700185500000000000085.5[15] — — 49 70002400000000000002.4[15] — — — — — — — —
Arabs (Oman) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 121 70001700000000000001.7[20] 121 70009100000000000009.1[20] 121 50000000000000000000.0[20] 121 700115700000000000015.7[20] 121 70007400000000000007.4[20] 121 700147900000000000047.9[20] 121 70001700000000000001.7[20] — — 121 70008300000000000008.3[20] 121 69998000000000000000.8[20]
Arabs (Qatar) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 72 70001400000000999991.4[21] 72 70006900000000000006.9[21] 72 50000000000000000000.0[21] 72 70005600000000999995.6[21] 72 70002800000000999992.8[21] 72 700166700000000000066.7[21] 72 70002800000000999992.8[21] 72 50000000000000000000.0[21] 72 50000000000000000000.0[21] 72 70002800000000999992.8[21]
Arabs (Saudi Arabia) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 157 70001900000000000001.9[22] 157 70005100000000999995.1[22] 157 50000000000000000000.0[22] 157 70007600000000000007.6[22] 157 70007600000000000007.6[22] 157 700140000000000000040.0[22] 157 70003200000000000003.2[22] 157 50000000000000000000.0[22] 157 70005100000000999995.1[22] 157 70001900000000000001.9[22]
Arabs (UAE) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 164 70004300000000000004.3[21] 164 70007300000000000007.3[21] — — 164 700111600000000000011.6[21] 164 70005500000000000005.5[21] 164 700145100000000000045.1[21] 164 70004300000000000004.3[21] 164 50000000000000000000.0[21] 164 70004900000000000004.9[21] 164 70003000000000000003.0[21]
Arabs (Yemen) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 62 50000000000000000000.0[21] 62 50000000000000000000.0[21] 62 50000000000000000000.0[21] 62 700112900000000000012.9[21] 62 70003200000000000003.2[21] 62 700182300000000000082.3[21] 62 70001600000000000001.6[21] 62 50000000000000000000.0[21] 62 50000000000000000000.0[21] 62 50000000000000000000.0[21]
Arabs (Syria) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 20 700115000000000000015.0[6] 20 700110000000000000010.0[6] 20 70005000000000000005.0[6] 20 700110000000000000010.0[6] — — 20 700130000000000000030.0[6] 20 50000000000000000000.0[6] 20 50000000000000000000.0[6] 20 50000000000000000000.0[6] 20 50000000000000000000.0[6]
Arabs (Lebanon) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 31 70006400000000000006.4[6] 31 70009700000000999999.7[6] 31 70003200000000000003.2[6] 31 700125800000000000025.8[6] — — 31 700145200000000000045.2[6] 31 70003200000000000003.2[6] 31 50000000000000000000.0[6] 31 50000000000000000000.0[6] 31 70003200000000000003.2[6]
Arabs (Sudan) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 102 700115700000000000015.7[23] — — 102 70003900000000000003.9[23] 102 700116700000000000016.7[23] — — 102 700147100000000000047.1[23] — — — — — — — —
Arabs (Tunisia) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 148 70006800000000000006.8[17] 148 50000000000000000000.0[17] 148 50000000000000000000.0[17] 148 700149300000000000049.3[17] 148 70001400000000999991.4[17] 148 700135800999990000035.8[17] — — 148 50000000000000000000.0[17] 148 69997000000000000000.7[17] 148 50000000000000000000.0[17]
Arabs (Libya) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 63 70003000000000000003[24] 63 70001500000000000001.5[24] 63 70001500000000000001.5[24] 63 700152000000000000052.0[24] 63 50000000000000000000.0[24] 63 700124000000000000024.0[24] 63 70008000000000000008.0[24] — — 63 70005000000000000005.0[24] 63 70001500000000000001.5[24]
Armenians IE (Armenian) 89 700124700000000000024.7[25] 89 70005600000000999995.6[25] 100 70005000000000000005.0[4] 89 70003400000000000003.4[25] — — 89 700129200000000000029.2[25] 100 700111000000000000011.0[4] 89 70003400000000000003.4[25] — — — —
Armenians IE (Armenian) 734 700132400000000000032.4[26] 734 70005300000000000005.3[26] — — 734 70005400000000000005.4[26] — — — — — — — — — — 734 70001600000000000001.6[26]
Aromuns (Dukasi, Albania) IE (Italic) 39 70002600000000000002.6[8] 39 70002600000000000002.6[8] 39 700117900999990000017.9[8] 39 700117900999990000017.9[8] 39 50000000000000000000.0[8] 39 700148700000000000048.7[8] 39 700110300000000000010.3[8] 39 50000000000000000000.0[8] 39 50000000000000000000.0[8] 39 50000000000000000000.0[8]
Aromuns (Andon Poci, Albania) IE (Italic) 19 700136800999990000036.8[8] 19 50000000000000000000.0[8] 19 700142100000000000042.1[8] 19 700115800000000000015.8[8] 19 50000000000000000000.0[8] 19 70005300000000000005.3[8] 19 50000000000000000000.0[8] 19 50000000000000000000.0[8] 19 50000000000000000000.0[8] 19 50000000000000000000.0[8]
Aromuns (Kruševo, Macedonia) IE (Italic) 43 700127900000000000027.9[8] 43 700111600000000000011.6[8] 43 700120900999990000020.9[8] 43 700120900999990000020.9[8] 43 50000000000000000000.0[8] 43 700111600000000000011.6[8] 43 70007000000000000007.0[8] 43 50000000000000000000.0[8] 43 50000000000000000000.0[8] 43 50000000000000000000.0[8]
Aromuns (Štip, Macedonia) IE (Italic) 65 700123100000000000023.1[8] 65 700121500000000000021.5[8] 65 700116900999990000016.9[8] 65 700118500000000000018.5[8] 65 50000000000000000000.0[8] 65 700120000000000000020.0[8] 65 50000000000000000000.0[8] 65 50000000000000000000.0[8] 65 50000000000000000000.0[8] 65 50000000000000000000.0[8]
Aromuns (Romania) IE (Italic) 42 700123800000000000023.8[8] 42 70002400000000000002.4[8] 42 700119000000000000019.0[8] 42 70007100000000000007.1[8] 42 50000000000000000000.0[8] 42 700133300999990000033.3[8] 42 50000000000000000000.0[8] — — — — — —
Ashkenazi Jews Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) — — 79 700112700000000000012.7[19] — — 79 700122800000000000022.8[19] — — 79 700143000000000000043.0[19] — — — — — — 79 50000000000000000000.0[19]
Ashkenazi Jews Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) — — — — 442 70004100099999999994.1[27] 442 700119700000000000019.7[27] 442 69992000000000000000.2[27] 442 700138000000000000038.0[27] 442 70009700000000999999.7[27] 442 69992000000000000000.2[27] — — 442 69992000000000000000.2[27]
Austrians IE (Germanic, West) 219 700132000000000000032 219 700114000000000000014 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Avars Caucasian (Northeast) 42 70002400000000000002.4[16] 42 70002400000000000002.4[16] 42 50000000000000000000.0[16] 42 70007100000000000007.1[16] — — 42 700171400000000000071.4[16] 42 50000000000000000000.0[16] 42 50000000000000000000.0[16] 42 70004800000000000004.8[16] 42 70009500000000000009.5[16]
Azerbaijanis Altaic (Turkic) 72 700111100000000000011.1[28] 72 70006900000000000006.9[28] — — 97 70004100099999999994.1[29] — — — — — — — — — — — —
Bagvalins Caucasian (Northeast) 28 700167900000000000067.9[16] 28 70003600000000000003.6[16] 28 70007100000000000007.1[16] 28 50000000000000000000.0[16] — — 28 700121400999990000021.4[16] 28 50000000000000000000.0[16] 28 50000000000000000000.0[16] 28 50000000000000000000.0[16] 28 50000000000000000000.0[16]
Balkarian Altaic (Turkic) — — — — — — 39 70002600000000000002.6[15] — — 16 700125000000000000025.0[15] — — — — — — — —
Balkarians Altaic (Turkic) 38 700113200000000000013.2[9] 38 700113200000000000013.2[9] 38 70002600000000000002.6[9] 38 70002600000000000002.6[9] 38 50000000000000000000.0[9] 38 700123700000000000023.7[9] 38 700128900000000000028.9[9] 38 50000000000000000000.0[9] 38 50000000000000000000.0[9] 38 70005300000000000005.3[9]
Baloch IE (Iranic, NW) 25 70008000000000000008.0[13] 25 700128000000000000028.0[13] 25 50000000000000000000.0[13] 25 70008000000000000008.0[13] 25 50000000000000000000.0[13] 25 700116000000000000016.0[13] 25 50000000000000000000.0[13] 25 50000000000000000000.0[13] 25 50000000000000000000.0[13] 25 700124000000000000024.0[13]
Bashkirs (Perm) Altaic (Turkic) 43 700186000000000000086.0[30] 43 70009300000000000009.3 43 50000000000000000000.0 43 50000000000000000000.0 43 50000000000000000000.0 43 50000000000000000000.0 43 70002300000000999992.3 43 70002300000000999992.3 43 50000000000000000000.0 43 50000000000000000000.0
Basque (France, Spain) Basque (Basque) 67 700188100000000000088.1[6] 67 50000000000000000000.0[6] 67 70007500000000000007.5[6] 67 70002200000000000002.2[6] — — 67 70003000000000000003.0[6] 67 50000000000000000000.0[6] 67 50000000000000000000.0[6] 67 50000000000000000000.0[6] 67 50000000000000000000.0[6]
German Bavarians (West) IE (Germanic, West) 80 700150000000000000050.0[25] 80 700115000000000000015.0[25] — — 80 70008000000000000008.0[25] — — 80 70005000000000000005.0[25] — — 80 50000000000000000000.0[25] 80 50000000000000000000.0[25] — —
Belgians IE (Germanic/Italic) 92 700163000000000000063.0[25] 92 70004000000000000004.0[25] — — 92 70002000000000000002.0[25] — — — — — — — — — — — —
Belarusians IE (Slavic, East) 41 50000000000000000000.0[25] 41 700139000000000000039.0[25] 147 700119000000000000019.0[10] 41 700110000000000000010.0[25] — — — — — — 41 70002400000000000002.4[25] — — — —
Belarusians IE (Slavic, East) 68 70004400000000000004.4[31] 68 700145600000000000045.6[31] 68 700125000000000000025.0[31] 68 70004400000000000004.4[31] — — — — 68 70001500000000000001.5[31] 68 70008800000000000008.8[31] — — — —
Belarusians IE (Slavic, East) 306 70004200000000000004.2[32] 306 700151000000000000051.0[32] — — 306 70004600000000999994.6[32] — — 306 70003300000000000003.3[32] — — 306 70009500000000000009.5[32] — — — —
Bearnais IE (Italic) — — — — 26 70007700000000000007.7[10] 43 70003700000000000003.7[15] — — 26 70003800000000000003.8[15] — — — — — — — —
Beja Afro-Asiatic (Cushitic?) 42 70004800000000000004.8[23] 42 50000000000000000000.0[23] 42 50000000000000000000.0[23] 42 700152400000000000052.4[23] 42 50000000000000000000.0[23] 42 700138100000000000038.1[23] 42 50000000000000000000.0[23] 42 50000000000000000000.0[23] 42 50000000000000000000.0[23] 42 50000000000000000000.0[23]
Berbers (Moyen Atlas) Afro-Asiatic (Berber) — — — — — — 69 700187100000000000087.1[29] — — — — — — — — — — — —
Berbers (Marrakesh) Afro-Asiatic (Berber) — — — — — — 29 700192900000000000092.9[29] — — — — — — — — — — — —
Berbers (Mozabite) Afro-Asiatic (Berber) — — — — — — 20 700180000000000000080.0[29] — — — — — — — — — — — —
Berbers (Morocco) Afro-Asiatic (Berber) — — — — — — 64 700188200000000000088.2[15] 64 50000000000000000000[15] 103 50000000000000000000[15] — — — — — — — —
Berbers (north-central Morocco) Afro-Asiatic (Berber) — — — — — — 63 700188800000000000088.8[15] 63 50000000000000000000[15] — — — — — — — — — —
Berbers (southern Morocco) Afro-Asiatic (Berber) — — — — — — 40 700189000000000000089[15] 40 50000000000000000000[15] — — — — — — — — — —
Bijagós Niger–Congo (Bak) 21 70004800000000000004.8[33] 21 50000000000000000000.0[33] 21 50000000000000000000.0[33] 21 700114300000000000014.3[33] 21 700176200000000000076.2[33] 21 50000000000000000000.0[33] 21 50000000000000000000.0[33] 21 50000000000000000000.0[33] 21 50000000000000000000.0[33] 21 50000000000000000000.0[33]
Borgu (Sudan) Nilo-Saharan (Maban) 26 700111500000000000011.5[23] 26 50000000000000000000.0[23] 26 50000000000000000000.0[23] 26 700153800000000000053.8[23] 26 50000000000000000000.0[23] 26 50000000000000000000.0[23] 26 50000000000000000000.0[23] 26 50000000000000000000.0[23] 26 50000000000000000000.0[23] 26 50000000000000000000.0[23]
Bosnians IE (Slavic, South) 69 70001400000000999991.4[7] 69 700124600000000000024.6[7] 69 700142000000000000042.0[7] 69 700110100000000000010.1[7] — — 69 50000000000000000000.0[7] — — — — — — — —
Brahmins (Konkanastha) IE (Indic) 25 50000000000000000000.0[13] 25 700148000000000000048.0[13] 25 50000000000000000000.0[13] 25 50000000000000000000.0[13] 25 50000000000000000000.0[13] 25 700116000000000000016.0[13] 25 50000000000000000000.0[13] 25 50000000000000000000.0[13] 25 50000000000000000000.0[13] 25 70004000000000000004.0[13]
Brahui Dravidian (Northern) — — 110 700139100000000000039.1[34] — — 110 50000000000000000000.0[34] 110 70002700000000000002.7[34] 110 700128200000000000028.2[34] — — 110 69999000000000000000.9[34] — — 110 70007300000000000007.3[34]
Brahui Dravidian (Northern) 25 50000000000000000000.0[13] 25 700124000000000000024.0[13] 25 50000000000000000000.0[13] 25 50000000000000000000.0[13] 25 50000000000000000000.0[13] 25 700128000000000000028.0[13] 25 700116000000000000016.0[13] 25 50000000000000000000.0[13] 25 50000000000000000000.0[13] 25 70008000000000000008.0[13]
British IE (Germanic, West) 32 700168800000000000068.8[35] 32 70009400000000000009.4[35] — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Bulgarians IE (Slavic, South) 24 700117000000000000017.0[25] 34 700114700000000000014.7[36] — — 116 700120700000000000020.7[29] — — — — — — — — — — — —
Burusho Burushaski (isolate) 97 70001000000000000001.0[37] 97 700127800000000000027.8[37] 97 50000000000000000000.0[37] 97 50000000000000000000.0[37] — — 97 70008200099999999998.2[37] 97 70001000000000000001.0[37] 97 50000000000000000000.0[37] 97 50000000000000000000.0[37] 97 700116500000000000016.5[37]
Catalans IE (Italic) 24 700179200000000000079.2[6] 24 50000000000000000000.0[38] 32 70004200000000000004.2[38] 33 70006100000000000006.1[15] — — 28 70003600000000000003.6[15] 24 70008000000000000008.0[38] — — — — — —
Cantabrians (Pasiegos) IE (Italic) — — — — — — 56 700142900000000000042.9[29] — — — — — — — — — — — —
Chamalins Caucasian (Northeast) 27 50000000000000000000.0[16] 27 70007400000000000007.4[16] 27 50000000000000000000.0[16] 27 50000000000000000000.0[16] — — 27 700170400000000000070.4[16] 27 700118500000000000018.5[16] 27 50000000000000000000.0[16] 27 50000000000000000000.0[16] 27 70003700000000000003.7[16]
Chechens Caucasian (Northeast) — — 19 70005000000000000005.0[4] — — — — — — — — 19 70005000000000000005.0[4] — — — — — —
Chuvashes Altaic (Turkic) 79 70003800000000000003.8[39] 79 700131600000000000031.6[39] 79 700111300000000000011.3[39] 79 50000000000000000000[39] 79 50000000000000000000[39] 79 700124200000000000024.2[39] 79 50000000000000000000[39] 79 700127800000000000027.8[39] 79 50000000000000000000[39] 79 50000000000000000000[39]
Copts (Sudan) Afro-Asiatic (Ancient Egyptian) 33 700115200000000000015.2[23] — — — — 33 700121200000000000021.2[23] — — 33 700145500000000000045.5[23] — — — — — — — —
Croats (mainland) IE (Slavic, South) 108 700115700000000000015.7[7] 108 700134300999990000034.3[7] 108 700137000000000000037.0[7][40] 108 70005600000000999995.6[7] 108 50000000000000000000.0[7] 108 70001900000000000001.9[7] 108 69999000000000000000.9[7] — — — — — —
Croat (mainland) IE (Slavic, South) — — — — 189 700138100000000000038.1[10] — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Cypriots IE (Greek) 45 70009000000000000009.0[25] 45 70002000000000000002.0[25] — — 45 700127000000000000027.0[25] — — — — — — — — — — — —
Czechs IE (Slavic, West) — — 257 700134200000000000034.2[41] 257 700118300000000000018.3[41] 257 70005800000000000005.8[41] — — 257 70004700000000000004.7[41] 257 70005100000000999995.1[41] 257 70001600000000000001.6[41] — — — —
Czechs and Slovaks IE (Slavic, West) 45 700135600000000000035.6[6] 45 700126700000000000026.7[6] 198 700113600000000000013.6[10] 45 70002200000000000002.2[6] — — — — — — — — — — — —
Danes IE (Germanic, North) 12 700141700000000000041.7[35] 12 700116700000000000016.7[35] 194 700138700000000000038.7[10] 35 70002900000000000002.9[29] — — — — — — — — — — — —
Dargins Caucasian (Northeast) 68 70002900000000000002.9[16] 68 50000000000000000000.0[16] - - - - — — 68 700194100000000000094.1[16] 68 70002900000000000002.9[16] 68 50000000000000000000.0[16] 68 50000000000000000000.0[16] 68 50000000000000000000.0[16]
Dargins Caucasian (Northeast) 26 70004000000000000004.0[4] 26 50000000000000000000.0[4] 26 700158000000000000058.0[4] 26 70004000000000000004.0[4] — — 26 70004000000000000004.0[4] 26 70004000000000000004.0[4] 26 50000000000000000000.0[4] 26 50000000000000000000.0[4] 26 50000000000000000000.0[4]
Dolgans Altaic (Turkic) 67 70001500000000000001.5[39] 67 700116400999990000016.4[39] 67 70001500000000000001.5[39] — — — — — — — — 67 700134300999990000034.3[39] — — — —
Druze (Arabs) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) — — — — — — 28 700114300000000000014.3[29] — — — — — — — — — — — —
Dutch IE (Germanic, West) 27 700170400000000000070.4[6] 27 70003700000000000003.7[6] 30 700126700000000000026.7[10] 84 70008000000000000008.0[25] — — 34 50000000000000000000[15] — — — — — — — —
Egyptians Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 92 70005400000000000005.4[42] 92 50000000000000000000.0[42] 92 70001100000000000001.1[42] 92 700143500000000000043.5[42] 92 70003300000000000003.3[42] 92 700122800000000000022.8[42] 92 70002200000000000002.2[42] 92 50000000000000000000.0[42] 92 70007600000000000007.6[42] 92 50000000000000000000.0[42]
Egyptians (North) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 43 70009300000000000009.3[43] 43 70002300000000999992.3[43] 43 50000000000000000000.0[43] 43 700153500000000000053.5[43] — — 44 700118200000000000018.2[17] 43 70007000000000000007.0[43] — — 43 70002300000000999992.3[43] 43 50000000000000000000.0[43]
Egyptians (South) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 29 700113800000000000013.8[43] 29 50000000000000000000.0[43] 29 70003400000000000003.4[43] 29 700131000000000000031.0[43] — — 29 700124100000000000024.1[17] 29 700117200000000000017.2[43] — — 29 700110300000000000010.3[43] 29 50000000000000000000.0[43]
English (Central) IE (Germanic, West) 215 700161900000000000061.9[44] 215 70003300000000000003.3[44] — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Estonians Uralic (Finnic) 207 70009000000000000009.0[25] 118 700137300999990000037.3[45] 210 700118600000000000018.6[10] 207 70003000000000000003.0[25] — — 207 70001000000000000001.0[25] — — 207 700140600000000000040.6[25] — — — —
Finns Uralic (Finnic) 57 70002000000000000002.0[25] 57 700110500000000000010.5[25] — — 57 70002000000000000002.0[25] — — — — — — 57 700163200000000000063.2[25] — — — —
Finns Uralic (Finnic) 38 50000000000000000000.0[39] 38 70007900000000000007.9[39] 38 700128900000000000028.9[39] — — — — — — — — 38 700163200000000000063.2[39] — — — —
French IE (Italic) 23 700152200000000000052.2[6] 23 50000000000000000000[6] 23 700117400999990000017.4[10] 40 70008000000000000008.0[25] — — — — — — — — — — — —
Frisians IE (Germanic, West) 94 700156000000000000056.0[46] 94 70007000000000000007.0[46] 94 700129000000000000029.0[46] 94 70002000000000000002.0[46] — — 94 70006000000000000006.0[46] — — — — — — — —
German Frisians (West) IE (Germanic, West) 94 700155300000000000055.3[47] 94 70007400000000000007.4[47] 94 700134000000000000034.0[47] 94 70002100000000000002.1[47] — — 94 70001400000000999991.4[47] — — — — — — — —
Fulbe (Guinea-Bissau) Niger–Congo (Senegambian) 59 70001700000000000001.7[33] 59 50000000000000000000.0[33] 59 50000000000000000000.0[33] 59 700113600000000000013.6[33] 59 700174600999990000074.6[33] 59 50000000000000000000.0[33] 59 50000000000000000000.0[33] 59 50000000000000000000.0[33] 59 50000000000000000000.0[33] 59 50000000000000000000.0[33]
Fur Nilo-Saharan (Fur) 32 50000000000000000000.0[23] 32 50000000000000000000.0[23] 32 50000000000000000000.0[23] 32 700159400000000000059.4[23] 32 50000000000000000000.0[23] 32 70006300000000000006.3[23] 32 50000000000000000000.0[23] 32 50000000000000000000.0[23] 32 50000000000000000000.0[23] 32 50000000000000000000.0[23]
Gagauz (Kongaz) Altaic (Turkic) 48 700110400000000000010.4[48] 48 700112500000000000012.5[48] 48 700131300000000000031.3[48] 48 700116700000000000016.7[48] — — 48 70008300000000000008.3[48] 48 700110400000000000010.4[48] 48 70004200000000000004.2[48] 48 70006300000000000006.3[48] — —
Gagauz (Etulia) Altaic (Turkic) 41 700114600000000000014.6[48] 41 700126800000000000026.8[48] 41 700124400000000000024.4[48] 41 70009800000000000009.8[48] — — 41 70007300000000000007.3[48] 41 700117100000000000017.1[48] 41 50000000000000000000.0[48] 41 50000000000000000000.0[48] — —
Germans (West) IE (German) 48 700147900000000000047.9[6][35] 48 70008100000000000008.1[6][35] 16 700137500000000000037.5[10] 16 70006200000000000006.2[6] — — — — — — — — — — — —
Germans (East) IE (German) -  ? -  ? -  ? -  ? — — — — — — — — — — — —
Germans (Berlin) IE (German) 103 700123300000000000023.3[49] 103 700122300000000000022.3[49] 103 700132000000000000032[49] 103 70009700000000999999.7[49] — — — — 103 70001300000000000001.3[49] — — — — — —
Georgians Caucasian (South) 63 700114300000000000014.3[6] 63 70007900000000000007.9[6] 63 50000000000000000000.0[6] 64 70002000000000000002.0[25] — — 63 700136500000000000036.5[6] 63 700130100000000000030.1[6] — — 63 70001600000000000001.6[6] 63 70001600000000000001.6[6]
Georgians Caucasian (South) 66 70009100000000000009.1[9] 66 700110600000000000010.6[9] 66 70001500000000000001.5[9] 66 70003000000000000003.0[9] 66 50000000000000000000.0[9] 66 700136400000000000036.4[9] 66 700131800000000000031.8[9] 66 50000000000000000000.0[9] 66 70001500000000000001.5[9] 66 70001500000000000001.5[9]
Greeks IE (Greek) 77 700111700000000000011.7[37] 77 700115600000000000015.6[37] 77 700119500000000000019.5[37] 77 700120800000000000020.8[37] — — 77 700116900999990000016.9[37] 77 70009100000000000009.1[37] 77 50000000000000000000.0[37] 77 70002600000000000002.6[37] — —
Greeks IE (Greek) 118 700122800000000000022.8[6][35] 118 70008300000000000008.3[6][35] 261 700113800000000000013.8[10] 84 700123800000000000023.8[15] — — 92 70006500000000000006.5[15] — — — — — — — —
Greeks IE (Greek) 171 700113500000000000013.5[50] 171 700111100000000000011.1 171 700115800000000000015.8 171 700131600000000000031.6 — — 171 700119900999990000019.9 171 70004700000000000004.7 — — 171 70001800000000000001.8 — —
Greeks (Crete) IE (Greek) 193 700117000000000000017.0[50] 193 70008800000000000008.8 193 700113000000000000013.0 193 70008800000000000008.8 — — 193 700138900000000000038.9 193 700110900000000000010.9 — — 193 70002100000000000002.1 — —
Greeks (Peloponnese) IE (Greek) — — — — — — 36 700147000000000000047[15] — — — — — — — — — — — —
Greeks (Thrace) IE (Greek) 41 700112200000000000012.2[8] 41 700122000000000000022.0[8] 41 700119500000000000019.5[8] 41 700119500000000000019.5[8] 41 50000000000000000000.0[8] 41 700119500000000000019.5[8] 41 70004900000000000004.9[8] — — — — — —
Greeks (North) IE (Greek) 96 700114600000000000014.6[43] 96 700118800000000000018.8[43] 96 700112500000000000012.5[43] 96 700135400000000000035.4[43] — — — — 96 70005200000000000005.2[43] — — 96 70002100000000000002.1[43] 96 70001000000000000001.0[43]
Greeks (South) IE (Greek) 46 700119600000000000019.6[43] 46 70002200000000000002.2[43] 46 700123900000000000023.9[43] 46 700143500000000000043.5[43] — — — — 46 70006500000000000006.5[43] — — 46 70002200000000000002.2[43] 46 50000000000000000000.0[43]
Hausa (Sudan) Afro-Asiatic (Chadic) 32 700140600000000000040.6[23] 32 50000000000000000000.0[23] 32 50000000000000000000.0[23] 32 70003100000000000003.1[23] 32 700112500000000000012.5[23] 32 50000000000000000000.0[23] 32 50000000000000000000.0[23] 32 50000000000000000000.0[23] 32 50000000000000000000.0[23] 32 50000000000000000000.0[23]
Herero Niger–Congo (Bantu, Central) 24 700112500000000000012.5[42] 24 70004200000000000004.2[42] 24 70004200000000000004.2[42] 24 50000000000000000000.0[42] 24 700170800000000000070.8[42] 24 70004200000000000004.2[42] 24 50000000000000000000.0[42] 24 50000000000000000000.0[42] 24 50000000000000000000.0[42] 24 50000000000000000000.0[42]
Herzegovinians IE (Slavic, South) 141 70003600000000000003.6[7] 141 700112100000000000012.1[7] 141 700163800000000000063.8[7] 141 70008500000000000008.5[7] — — 141 69997000000000000000.7[7] — — — — — — — —
Hui (Ningxia) Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic) 54 70003700000000000003.7[51] 54 700111100000000000011.1[51] — — 54 50000000000000000000.0[51] 54 50000000000000000000.0[51] 54 70009300000000000009.3[51] — — 54 70001900000000000001.9[51] 54 50000000000000000000.0[51] 54 70001900000000000001.9[51]
Hungarians Uralic (Ugric) 45 700113300000000000013.3[6] 113 700120400999990000020.4[39] 162 700122800000000000022.8[10] 53 70009400000000000009.4[15] — — 49 70002000000000000002.0[15] 103 70008000000000000008.0[52] 103 70001000000000000001.0 — — — —
Icelanders IE (Germanic, North) 181 700141400000000000041.4[35] 181 700123800000000000023.8[35] 181 700134200000000000034.2[35] — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Ingush Caucasian (Northeast) — — — — — — — — — — — — 27 70005000000000000005.0[4] — — — — — —
Iranians (North Iran) IE (Iranic, West) 33 700115200000000000015.2[53] 33 70006100000000000006.1[53] 33 50000000000000000000.0[53] 33 50000000000000000000.0[53] 33 50000000000000000000.0[53] 33 700133300999990000033.3[53] 33 700115200000000000015.2[53] 33 70006100000000000006.1[53] 33 50000000000000000000.0[53] 33 70003000000000000003.0[53]
Iranians (South Iran) IE (Iranic, West) 117 70006000000000000006.0[53] 117 700116200000000000016.2[53] 117 50000000000000000000.0[53] 117 70005100000000999995.1[53] 117 70001700000000000001.7[53] 117 700135000000000000035.0[53] 117 700112800000000000012.8[53] 117 69999000000000000000.9[53] 117 70003400000000000003.4[53] 117 70006000000000000006.0[53]
Irish IE (Celtic) 222 700181500000000000081.5[35] 222 69995000000000000000.5[35] — — 257 70002000000000000002.0[25] — — — — — — — — — — — —
Italians IE (Italic) 50 700162000000000000062.0[38] 332 70002700000000000002.7[35] 50 70008000000000000008.0[38] 99 700113000000000000013.0[25] — — — — 50 700110000000000000010.0[38] — — — — — —
Italians (Calabria) IE (Italic) 37 700132400000000000032.4[6] — — 148 70005400000000000005.4[10] 80 700116300000000000016.3[7] — — 57 70001800000000000001.8[15] — — — — — — — —
Italians (Apulia) IE (Italic) — — — — 78 70002600000000000002.6[10] 86 700113900000000000013.9[15] — — 86 700131400000000000031.4[15] — — — — — — — —
Italians (Sardinia) IE (Italic) 77 700122100000000000022.1[6] — — 142 700142300999990000042.3[10] 139 70005000000000000005.0[15] — — 144 700112500000000000012.5[15] — — — — — — — —
Italians (Northern Sardinia) IE (Italic) 86 700120000000000000020.0[43] 86 50000000000000000000.0[43] 86 700128000000000000028.0[43] 86 700113000000000000013.0[43] — — — — 86 700121000000000000021.0[43] — — 86 50000000000000000000.0[43] 86 50000000000000000000.0[43]
Italians (Southern Sardinia) IE (Italic) 187 700119000000000000019.0[43] 187 70001000000000000001.0[43] 187 700135000000000000035.0[43] 187 700111000000000000011.0[43] — — — — 187 700114000000000000014.0[43] — — 187 50000000000000000000.0[43] 187 50000000000000000000.0[43]
Italians (North-central) IE (Italic) 50 700162000000000000062.0[6] — — 390 69995000000000000000.5[10] 212 700110400000000000010.4[7] — — 52 700126900000000000026.9[15] — — — — — — — —
Italians (South) IE (Italic) 68 700120000000000000020.0[43] 68 70003000000000000003.0[43] 68 70006000000000000006.0[43] 68 700126000000000000026.0[43] — — — — 68 700115000000000000015.0[43] — — 68 70003000000000000003.0[43] 68 50000000000000000000.0[43]
Italians (Sicily) IE (Italic) — — — — 51 70008800000000000008.8 55 700127300000000000027.3[15] — — 42 700123800000000000023.8[15] — — — — — — — —
Italians (East Sicily) IE (Italic) 87 700120000000000000020.0[43] 87 70002300000000999992.3[43] 87 70005000000000000005.0[43] 87 700129000000000000029.0[43] — — — — 87 70005000000000000005.0[43] — — 87 70005000000000000005.0[43] 87 50000000000000000000.0[43]
Italians (West Sicily) IE (Italic) 125 700127000000000000027.0[43] 125 70002400000000000002.4[43] 125 700111000000000000011.0[43] 125 700119000000000000019.0[43] — — — — 125 700113000000000000013.0[43] — — 125 70003000000000000003.0[43] 125 50000000000000000000.0[43]
Iyengar Dravidian (Southern) 30 50000000000000000000.0[13] 30 700130000000000000030.0[13] 30 50000000000000000000.0[13] 30 50000000000000000000.0[13] 30 50000000000000000000.0[13] 30 700120000000000000020.0[13] 30 700113300000000000013.3[13] 30 50000000000000000000.0[13] 30 50000000000000000000.0[13] 30 700116700000000000016.7[13]
Iyer Dravidian (Southern) 29 50000000000000000000.0[13] 29 700127600000000000027.6[13] 29 50000000000000000000.0[13] 29 50000000000000000000.0[13] 29 50000000000000000000.0[13] 29 700117200000000000017.2[13] 29 700110300000000000010.3[13] 29 50000000000000000000.0[13] 29 50000000000000000000.0[13] 29 700117200000000000017.2[13]
Kabardinian Caucasian (Northwest) — — — — — — — — — — — — — 700129000000000000029.0[4] — — — — — —
Kalash (Pakistan) IE (Dardic) — — 44 700118200000000000018.2[37] 44 50000000000000000000.0[37] 44 50000000000000000000.0[37] — — 44 70009100000000000009.1[37] 44 700118200000000000018.2[37] 44 50000000000000000000.0[37] 44 50000000000000000000.0[37] 44 700125000000000000025.0[37]
Karakalpaks Altaic (Turkic) 44 70009100000000000009.1[54] 44 700118200000000000018.2[54] 44 50000000000000000000.0[54] 44 50000000000000000000.0[54] — — — — — — — — — — 44 70004500000000000004.5[54]
Kazakhs Altaic (Turkic) 54 70005600000000999995.6[54] 54 70003700000000000003.7[54] 54 50000000000000000000.0[54] 54 50000000000000000000.0[54] — — 38 50000000000000000000.0 — — 54 70001900000000000001.9[54] 54 50000000000000000000.0[54] — —
Khants Uralic (Ugric) 47 700119100000000000019.1[39] 47 70004300000000000004.3[39] 47 50000000000000000000.0[39] — — — — — — — — 47 700176600999990000076.6[39] — — — —
Komi Uralic (Finnic) 94 700116000000000000016.0[39] 94 700133000000000000033.0 94 70005300000000000005.3 — — — — — — — — 94 700135100000000000035.1 — — — —
Komi (Izhemsky) Uralic (Finnic) 54 50000000000000000000.0[55] 54 700129600000000000029.6[55] 54 70001900000000000001.9[55] 54 50000000000000000000.0[55] 54 50000000000000000000.0[55] 54 50000000000000000000.0[55] 54 50000000000000000000.0[55] 54 700168500000000000068.5[55] 54 50000000000000000000.0[55] 54 50000000000000000000.0[55]
Komi (Priluzsky) Uralic (Finnic) 49 70002000000000000002.0[55] 49 700132700000000000032.7[55] 49 70004100099999999994.1[55] 49 50000000000000000000.0[55] 49 50000000000000000000.0[55] 49 50000000000000000000.0[55] 49 50000000000000000000.0[55] 49 700161200000000000061.2[55] 49 50000000000000000000.0[55] 49 50000000000000000000.0[55]
Kumyks Altaic (Turkic) 76 700119700000000000019.7[16] 76 700113200000000000013.2[16] 76 50000000000000000000.0[16] 76 70002600000000000002.6[16] — — 76 700146100000000000046.1[16] 76 700111800000000000011.8[16] 76 50000000000000000000.0[16] 76 70001300000000000001.3[16] 76 50000000000000000000.0[16]
Kurds (Northern Iraq) IE (Iranic, NW) 95 700116800000000000016.8[19] 95 700111600000000000011.6[19] 95 700116800000000000016.8[19] 95 70007400000000000007.4[19] - — 95 700140000000000000040.0[19] — — — — 95 70004200000000000004.2[19] 95 70003200000000000003.2[19]
Kurds(Turkey) IE (Iranic, NW) — 70008000000000000008.0[56] — 700119500000000000019.5[56] — 700125000000000000025.0[56] — 70002500000000000002.5[56] — — — 70007000000000000007.0[56] — 700112500000000000012.5[56] — — — 70006500000000000006.5[56] — —
Kyrgyz Altaic (Turkic) 52 70001900000000000001.9[54] 52 700163500000000000063.5[54] 52 70001900000000000001.9[54] 52 50000000000000000000.0[54] — — 41 70004900000000000004.9 — — 41 70002400000000000002.4 — — 52 50000000000000000000.0[54]
Lezgins Caucasian (Northeast) 31 700116100000000000016.1[16] 31 50000000000000000000.0[16] 31 70009700000000999999.7[16] 31 70006500000000000006.5[16] — — 31 700158100000000000058.1[16] 31 70009700000000999999.7[16] 31 50000000000000000000.0[16] 31 50000000000000000000.0[16] 31 50000000000000000000.0[16]
Lithuanians IE (Baltic) 38 70005000000000000005.0[25] 114 700136000000000000036.0[45] — — 114 69999000000000000000.9[45] — — — — — — 114 700143000000000000043.0[45] — — — —
Latvians IE (Baltic) 34 700115000000000000015.0[25] 114 700139500000000000039.5[25] 86 70007000000000000007.0[10] 114 69999000000000000000.9[45] — — — — — — 114 700142100000000000042.1[45] — — — —
ethnic Macedonians IE (Slavic, South) 79 70005100000000999995.1[7] 79 700115200000000000015.2[7] 79 700134200000000000034.2[7] 79 700124100000000000024.1[7] — — 79 700112700000000000012.7[6][7][15] 79 70005100000000999995.1[7] — — — — — —
Macedonians (Skopje) IE (Slavic, South) 52 700113500000000000013.5[8] 52 700113500000000000013.5[8] 52 700128800000000000028.8[8] 52 700123100000000000023.1[8] — — 52 700111500000000000011.5[8] 52 70003800000000000003.8[8] — — — — — —
Macedonian Romani IE (Indic) 57 70001800000000000001.8[7] 57 70001800000000000001.8[7] 57 70003500000000000003.5[7] 57 700129800000000000029.8[7] — — 57 70001800000000000001.8[7] — — — — — — — —
Maltese Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 187 700122000000000000022.0[43] 187 70005000000000000005.0[43] 187 70009000000000000009.0[43] 187 70006000000000000006.0[43] — — — — 187 70009000000000000009.0[43] — — 187 50000000000000000000.0[43] 187 50000000000000000000.0[43]
Mandenka (Guinea-Bissau) Niger–Congo? (Mande) 45 50000000000000000000.0[33] 45 50000000000000000000.0[33] 45 50000000000000000000.0[33] 45 70004400000000000004.4[33] 45 700186700000000000086.7[33] 45 50000000000000000000.0[33] 45 50000000000000000000.0[33] 45 50000000000000000000.0[33] 45 50000000000000000000.0[33] 45 50000000000000000000.0[33]
Maratha IE (Indic) 20 50000000000000000000.0[13] 20 700110000000000000010.0[13] — — 20 50000000000000000000.0[13] 20 50000000000000000000.0[13] 20 700115000000000000015.0[13] — — — — — — 20 700115000000000000015.0[13]
Moldavians (Karahasani) IE (Italic) 72 700116700000000000016.7[48] 72 700134700000000000034.7[48] 72 700125000000000000025.0[48] 72 700112500000000000012.5[48] — — 72 70009700000000999999.7[48] 72 50000000000000000000.0[48] 72 70001400000000999991.4[48] 72 50000000000000000000.0[48] — —
Moldavians (Sofia) IE (Italic) 54 700116700000000000016.7[48] 54 700120400999990000020.4[48] 54 700135200000000000035.2[48] 54 700113000000000000013.0[48] — — 54 70005600000000999995.6[48] 54 70001900000000000001.9[48] 54 70003700000000000003.7[48] 54 70001900000000000001.9[48] — —
Erzya Uralic (Finnic) — — 46 700139100000000000039.1[36] — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Moksha Uralic (Finnic) — — 46 700121700000000000021.7[36] — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Moksha Uralic (Finnic) 83 700113300000000000013.3[39] 83 700126500000000000026.5 83 700119300000000000019.3 — — — — — — — — 83 700119300000000000019.3 — — — —
Mari Uralic (Finnic) 111 70002700000000000002.7[39] 111 700147700000000000047.7 111 70008100000000000008.1 — — — — — — — — 111 700141400000000000041.4 — — — —
Mari Uralic (Finnic) 48 700110400000000000010.4[25] 48 700129200000000000029.2 — — 48 50000000000000000000.0 — — 48 70006300000000000006.3 — — 48 700150000000000000050.0 — — — —
Masalit Nilo-Saharan (Maban) 32 50000000000000000000.0[23] 32 50000000000000000000.0[23] 32 50000000000000000000.0[23] 32 700171900000000000071.9[23] 32 50000000000000000000.0[23] 32 70006300000000000006.3[23] 32 50000000000000000000.0[23] 32 50000000000000000000.0[23] 32 50000000000000000000.0[23] 32 50000000000000000000.0[23]
Mongolians Altaic (Mongolic) — — 65 70009200000000999999.2[57] 149 50000000000000000000.0[58] — — — — 149 70002700000000000002.7[58] 149 69997000000000000000.7[58] 149 70008100000000000008.1[58] 149 50000000000000000000.0[58] 149 50000000000000000000.0[58]
Norwegians IE (Germanic, North) 112 700125900000000000025.9[35] 112 700117900999990000017.9[35] 72 700140300999990000040.3[10] — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Norwegians IE (Germanic, North) — — 52 700130800000000000030.8[25] — — 52 70001900000000000001.9[25] — — 52 70001900000000000001.9[25] — — 52 70003800000000000003.8[25] 52 50000000000000000000.0[25] 52 50000000000000000000.0[25]
Nubians (Sudan) Nilo-Saharan (Eastern Sudanic) 39 700110300000000000010.3[23] 39 50000000000000000000.0[23] 39 70005100000000999995.1[23] 39 700123100000000000023.1[23] 39 50000000000000000000.0[23] 39 700143600000000000043.6[23] — — 39 50000000000000000000.0[23] 39 50000000000000000000.0[23] 39 50000000000000000000.0[23]
Orcadians IE (Germanic, West) 71 700166000000000000066.0[46] 71 700119700000000000019.7[46] — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Oromo Afro-Asiatic (Cushitic) 78 50000000000000000000.0[14] 78 50000000000000000000.0[14] 78 50000000000000000000.0[14] 78 700179500000000000079.5[14] — — 78 70003800000000000003.8[14] 78 50000000000000000000.0[14] 78 50000000000000000000.0[14] 78 70005100000000999995.1[14] 78 50000000000000000000.0[14]
Ossetians IE (Iranic, NE) 47 700142600000000000042.6[25] 47 70002100000000000002.1[25] — — 47 70006000000000000006.0[25] — — 47 700134000000000000034.0[25] 700160000000000000060.0[59] — — — — — —
Pallan Dravidian (Southern) 29 70003400000000000003.4[13] 29 700124100000000000024.1[13] 29 50000000000000000000.0[13] 29 50000000000000000000.0[13] 29 50000000000000000000.0[13] 29 700113800000000000013.8[13] 29 50000000000000000000.0[13] 29 50000000000000000000.0[13] 29 50000000000000000000.0[13] 29 700117200000000000017.2[13]
Pashtuns IE (Iranic, SE) 96 70004200000000000004.2[37] 96 700144800000000000044.8[37] 96 50000000000000000000.0[37] 96 70002100000000000002.1[37] — — 96 70006300000000000006.3[37] 96 700111500000000000011.5[37] 96 50000000000000000000.0[37] 96 70001000000000000001.0[37] 96 700112500000000000012.5[37]
Poles IE (Slavic, West) 55 700116400999990000016.4[6] 55 700156400000000000056.4[6] 191 700117800000000000017.8[10] 99 70004000000000000004.0[15] — — 97 70001000000000000001.0[15] — — — — — — — —
Poles IE (Slavic, West) 93 700113400000000000013.4[39] 93 700155900000000000055.9[39] 93 700116100000000000016.1[39] — — — — — — — — 93 70003200000000000003.2[39] — — — —
Portuguese IE (Italic) — — — — 303 70005300000000000005.3[10] — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Portuguese (South) IE (Italic) 57 700156000000000000056.0[25] 57 70002000000000000002.0[25] — — 57 700117000000000000017.0[25] — — — — — — — — — — — —
Portuguese (North) IE (Italic) 328 700162000000000000062.0[25] 328 50000000000000000000[25] — — 328 700111000000000000011.0[25] — — — — — — — — — — — —
Rajputs IE (Indic) 29 50000000000000000000.0[13] 29 700131000000000000031.0[13] — — 29 50000000000000000000.0[13] 29 50000000000000000000.0[13] 29 700117200000000000017.2[13] — — — — — — 29 70006900000000000006.9[13]
Romanians IE (Italic) 54 700113000000000000013.0[48] 54 700120400999990000020.4[48] 54 700148100000000000048.1[48] 54 70007400000000000007.4[48] — — 54 70005600000000999995.6[48] 54 70005600000000999995.6[48] 54 50000000000000000000.0[48] 54 50000000000000000000.0[48] — —
Romanians IE (Italic) — — — — 361 700122200000000000022.2[10] — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Romanians (Constanţa) IE (Italic) 31 700116100000000000016.1[8] 31 70009700000000999999.7[8] 31 700141900000000000041.9[8] 31 70009700000000999999.7[8] 31 50000000000000000000.0[8] 31 70006500000000000006.5[8] 31 700112900000000000012.9[8] 31 50000000000000000000.0[8] 31 50000000000000000000.0[8] 31 50000000000000000000.0[8]
Romanians (Ploieşti) IE (Italic) 36 70008300000000000008.3[8] 36 70005600000000999995.6[8] 36 700138900000000000038.9[8] 36 700116700000000000016.7[8] 36 50000000000000000000.0[8] 36 700119400999990000019.4[8] 36 70008300000000000008.3[8] 36 50000000000000000000.0[8] 36 50000000000000000000.0[8] 36 50000000000000000000.0[8]
Russians IE (Slavic, East) 122 70006600000000000006.6[25] 122 700146700000000000046.7[25] — — 122 70006600000000000006.6[25] — — 122 70004100099999999994.1[25] — — 122 700118000000000000018.0[25] — — — —
Russians IE (Slavic, East) 414 70006800000000000006.8[60] 414 700148300000000000048.3[60] 414 700115900000000000015.9[60] 414 70004800000000000004.8[60] 414 50000000000000000000.0[60] 414 70001400000000999991.4[60] 414 70001200000000000001.2[60] 414 700114000000000000014.0[60] — — — —
Russians (Northern)(Arkhangelsk region) IE (Slavic, East) 114 700114000000000000014.0[61] 114 700140000000000000040.0[61] 114 70005300000000000005.3[61] 114 50000000000000000000.0[61] 114 50000000000000000000.0[61] 114 69999000000000000000.9[61] 114 70001300000000000001.3[61] 114 700139300999990000039.3[61] 114 — 114 —
Russians (Central) IE (Slavic, East) 364 70007700000000000007.7[61] 364 700147000000000000047.0[61] 364 700116500000000000016.5[61] 364 70005000000000000005.0[61] 364 50000000000000000000.0[61] 364 70003300000000000003.3[61] 364 50000000000000000000.0[61] 364 700116000000000000016.0[61] 364 — — —
Russians (Southerns) IE (Slavic, East) 484 70004800000000000004.8[61] 484 700156900000000000056.9[61] 484 700121000000000000021.0[61] 484 70001800000000000001.8[61] 484 50000000000000000000.0[61] 484 70003500000000000003.5[61] 484 70001000000000000001.0[61] 484 700110000000000000010.0[61] — — — —
Russians

(Oryol region)

 IE (Slavic, East) 110 70003600000000000003.6[61] 110 700162700000000000062.7[61] 110 700122700000000000022.7[61] 110 69999000000000000000.9[61] 110 50000000000000000000.0[61] 110 69999000000000000000.9[61] 110 50000000000000000000.0[61] 110 70005400000000000005.4[61] — — — —
Russians

(Voronezh region)

 IE (Slavic, East) 96 70005200000000000005.2[61] 96 700159400000000000059.4[61] 96 700120800000000000020.8[61] 96 70001000000000000001.0[61] 96 50000000000000000000.0[61] 96 70003100000000000003.1[61] 96 70002100000000000002.1[61] 96 70006300000000000006.3[61] — — — —
Russians

(Tver region)

 IE (Slavic, East) 73 70006800000000000006.8[61] 73 700156200000000000056.2[61] 73 700115000000000000015.0[61] 73 70004100099999999994.1[61] 73 50000000000000000000.0[61] 73 70004100099999999994.1[61] 73 50000000000000000000.0[61] 73 700111000000000000011.0[61] — — — —
Russians (Kuban Cossacks) IE (Slavic, East) 90 70008800000000000008.8[61] 90 700147300000000000047.3[61] 90 700124200000000000024.2[61] 90 70003300000000000003.3[61] 90 50000000000000000000.0[61] 90 70004400000000000004.4[61] 90 70001100000000000001.1[61] 90 70007700000000000007.7[61] — — — —
Russians (Novgorod region) IE (Slavic, East) 38 70008100000000000008.1[60] 38 700154100000000000054.1[60] 38 700110800000000000010.8[60] — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Sami (Sweden) Uralic (Finnic) 38 70007900000000000007.9[62] 38 700115800000000000015.8[62] 38 700131600000000000031.6[62] 38 50000000000000000000.0[62] 38 50000000000000000000.0[62] 38 50000000000000000000.0[62] 38 50000000000000000000.0[62] 38 700144700000000000044.7[62] 38 50000000000000000000.0[62] 38 50000000000000000000.0[62]
Sami Uralic (Finnic) 127 70003900000000000003.9[39] 127 700111000000000000011.0[39] 35 700131400000000000031.4[10] — — — — 700114000000000000014[63] — — — 127 700147200000000000047.2[39] — — — —
Saharawish (Morocco) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) — — — — — — 29 700179300000000000079.3[15] 29 70003400000000000003.4[15] 29 700117200000000000017.2[15] — — — — — — — —
Scots IE (Celtic) 61 700177100999990000077.1[35] 61 70006600000000000006.6[35] 178 700111200000000000011.2[10] — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Serbs IE (Slavic, South) 113 700110600000000000010.6[7] 113 700115900000000000015.9[7] 113 700136300999990000036.3[7] 113 700121200000000000021.2[7] — — 113 70008000000000000008[7] — — — — — — — —
Serbs (Bosnia) IE (Slavic, South) 81 70006200000000000006.2[9] 81 700113600000000000013.6[9] 81 700140700000000000040.7[9] 81 700122200000000000022.2[9] 81 50000000000000000000.0[9] 81 70009900000000000009.9[9] 81 70001200000000000001.2[9] 81 70006200000000000006.2[9] 81 50000000000000000000.0[9] 81 50000000000000000000.0[9]
Slovenians IE (Slavic, South) 75 700121300000000000021.3[9] 75 700138700000000000038.7[9] 75 700130700000000000030.7[9] 75 70002700000000000002.7[9] 75 50000000000000000000.0[9] 75 70004000000000000004.0[9] 75 70002700000000000002.7[9] 75 50000000000000000000.0[9] 75 50000000000000000000.0[9] 75 50000000000000000000.0[9]
Slovenian IE (Slavic, South) — — 70 700137100000000000037.1[25] — — 70 70007100000000000007.1[25] — — 70 70005700000000000005.7[25] — — 70 50000000000000000000.0[25] 70 50000000000000000000.0[25] 70 50000000000000000000.0[25]
Slovenian IE (Slavic, South) — — — — 55 700138200000000000038.2[10] — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Somalis Afro-Asiatic (Cushitic) 201 50000000000000000000.0[64] 201 70001000000000000001.0[64] 201 50000000000000000000.0[64] 201 700181100999990000081.1[64] 201 70001500000000000001.5[64] 201 70003000000000000003.0[64] 201 69995000000000000000.5[64] 201 50000000000000000000.0[64] 201 700110400000000000010.4[64] 201 50000000000000000000.0[64]
Spanish IE (Italic) 126 700168000000000000068.0[25] 126 70002000000000000002.0[25] — — 126 700110000000000000010.0[25] — — — — — — — — — — — —
Spanish (Ibiza) IE (Italic) 54 700157400000000000057.4[43] 54 50000000000000000000.0[43] 54 70001900000000000001.9[43] 54 70007400000000000007.4[43] — — — — 54 700113000000000000013.0[43] — — 54 700116700000000000016.7[43] 54 50000000000000000000.0[43]
Spanish (Majorca) IE (Italic) 62 700166100999990000066.1[43] 62 50000000000000000000.0[43] 62 70008100000000000008.1[43] 62 70006200000000000006.2[43] — — — — 62 70006200000000000006.2[43] — — 62 70001600000000000001.6[43] 62 50000000000000000000.0[43]
Spanish (Minorca) IE (Italic) 37 700173000000000000073.0[43] 37 70002700000000000002.7[43] 37 70002700000000000002.7[43] 37 700118900999990000018.9[43] — — — — 37 50000000000000000000.0[43] — — 37 50000000000000000000.0[43] 37 50000000000000000000.0[43]
Spanish (South) IE (Italic) 162 700165000000000000065.0[43] 162 70002000000000000002.0[43] 162 70006000000000000006.0[43] 162 70009000000000000009.0[43] — — — — 162 70004000000000000004.0[43] — — 162 50000000000000000000.0[43] 162 50000000000000000000.0[43]
Spanish (Valencia) IE (Italic) 73 700164000000000000064.0[43] 73 70003000000000000003.0[43] 73 700110000000000000010.0[43] 73 700111000000000000011.0[43] — — — — 73 70001000000000000001.0[43] — — 73 70001000000000000001.0[43] 73 50000000000000000000.0[43]
Swedes (Northern) IE (Germanic, North) 48 700122900000000000022.9[25] 48 700118800000000000018.8[25] 57 700126300000000000026.3[10] 48 70002100000000000002.1[25] — — 48 70002100000000000002.1[25] — — 48 70008300000000000008.3[25] — — — —
Swedes IE (Germanic, North) 110 700120000000000000020.0[35] 110 700117300000000000017.3[35] 225 700140000000000000040[10] — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Swedes IE (Germanic, North) 160 700113100000000000013.1[65] 160 700124400000000000024.4[65] 160 700137500000000000037.5[65] 160 70001300000000000001.3[65] — — 160 50000000000000000000.0[65] — — 160 700114400000000000014.4[65] — — — —
Swiss IE (German/Italic) — — — — 144 70007600000000000007.6[10] — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Tabassarans Caucasian (Northeast) 43 700139500000000000039.5[16] 43 70002300000000999992.3[16] 43 50000000000000000000.0[16] 43 50000000000000000000.0[16] — — 43 700151200000000000051.2[16] 43 50000000000000000000.0[16] 43 50000000000000000000.0[16] 43 50000000000000000000.0[16] 43 50000000000000000000.0[16]
Tatars Altaic (Turkic) 126 70008700000000999998.7[39] 126 700134100000000000034.1[39] 126 70004000000000000004.0 — — — — — — — — 126 700123000000000000023.0 — — — —
Turkmens Altaic (Turkic) 30 700136700000000000036.7[54] 30 70006700000000000006.7[54] 30 50000000000000000000.0[54] 30 50000000000000000000.0[54] — — 21 700123800000000000023.8 — — 21 70009500000000000009.5 — — 30 50000000000000000000.0[54]
Turks Altaic (Turkic) 523 700116100000000000016.1[66] 523 70006900000000000006.9[66] 741 70005100000000999995.1[10] 523 700111300000000000011.3[66] — — 523 700133500000000000033.5[66] 523 700110900000000000010.9[66] 523 70003800000000000003.8[66] 523 70002500000000000002.5[66] 523 70004200000000000004.2[66]
Turks Altaic (Turkic) 167 700120400999990000020.4[25] 167 70004800000000000004.8[25] — — 167 700110200999990000010.2[25] — — 167 700132900000000000032.9[25] — — 167 70002400000000000002.4[25] — — — —
Turks Altaic (Turkic) 59 700120300000000000020.3[64] 59 700111900000000000011.9[64] 59 70006800000000000006.8[64] 59 700113600000000000013.6[64] — — 59 700130500000000000030.5[64] 59 70008500000000000008.5[64] — — 59 70001700000000000001.7[64] 59 50000000000000000000.0[64]
Turks (Central Anatolia) Altaic (Turkic) — — — — — — 61 70006600000000000006.6[7] — — — — — — — — — — — —
Turks (Istanbul) Altaic (Turkic) — — — — — — 46 700113000000000000013.0[15] — — 73 700124700000000000024.7[15] — — — — — — — —
Turks (Konya) Altaic (Turkic) — — — — — — 117 700114500000000000014.5[15] — — 129 700131800000000000031.8[15] — — — — — — — —
Turks (Cypriot) Altaic (Turkic) — — — — — — 46 700113000000000000013.0[29] — — — — — — — — — — — —
Turks (Southeastern) Altaic (Turkic) — — — — — — 24 70004200000000000004.2[29] — — — — — — — — — — — —
Turks (Erzurum) Altaic (Turkic) — — — — — — 25 70004000000000000004.0[29] — — — — — — — — — — — —
Udmurt Uralic (Finnic) 87 70002300000000999992.3[39] 87 700110300000000000010.3[39] 87 70001100000000000001.1[39] — — — — — — — — 87 700185100999990000085.1[39] — — — —
Ukrainians IE (Slavic, East) 50 70002000000000000002.0[6] 50 700154000000000000054.0[6] 50 700118000000000000018.0[6] 50 70004000000000000004.0[6] — — 50 70006000000000000006.0[6] 50 70004000000000000004.0[6] 50 70006000000000000006.0[6] 50 70002000000000000002.0[6] 50 50000000000000000000.0[6]
Ukrainians IE (Slavic, East) 53 700118900999990000018.9[48] 53 700141500000000000041.5[48] 53 700124500000000000024.5[48] 93 70007500000000000007.5[7] — — 53 70009400000000000009.4[48] 53 50000000000000000000.0[48] 53 70005700000000000005.7[48] 53 50000000000000000000.0[48] — —
Uyghurs (Kazakhstan) Altaic (Turkic) 41 50000000000000000000.0[54] 41 700122000000000000022.0[54] 41 70002400000000000002.4[54] 41 50000000000000000000.0[54] 41 50000000000000000000.0[54] 33 700127300000000000027.3[67] — — 41 70002400000000000002.4[54] 41 50000000000000000000.0[54] 41 70002400000000000002.4[54]
Uyghurs (Xinjiang) Altaic (Turkic) 68 700117600000000000017.6[51] 68 700122100000000000022.1[51] 68 50000000000000000000.0[51] 68 50000000000000000000.0[51] 68 50000000000000000000.0[51] 68 700110300000000000010.3[51] 68 70004400000000000004.4[51] 67 70006000000000000006.0[58] 67 50000000000000000000.0[58] 68 70004400000000000004.4[51]
Uyghurs (Ürümqi) Altaic (Turkic) 49 70008200099999999998.2[68] 49 700128600000000000028.6[68] — — 49 50000000000000000000.0[68] 49 50000000000000000000.0[68] 49 700118400999990000018.4[68] — — — — — — — —
Uyghurs (Ürümqi) Altaic (Turkic) 31 700119400999990000019.4[57] 31 700122600000000000022.6[57] — — 31 70006500000000000006.5[57] — — 31 700125800000000000025.8[57] — — 31 70009700000000999999.7[57] 31 50000000000000000000.0[57] 31 50000000000000000000.0[57]
Uyghurs (Yili) Altaic (Turkic) 39 700115400000000000015.4[57] 39 700115400000000000015.4[57] — — 39 50000000000000000000.0[57] — — 39 50000000000000000000.0[57] — — 39 70007700000000000007.7[57] — — — —
Uzbeks Altaic (Turkic) 366 70009800000000000009.8[54] 366 700125100000000000025.1[54] 366 70002200000000000002.2[54] 366 70002500000000000002.5[54] — — 28 700121400999990000021.4[67] — — 28 50000000000000000000.0[67] — — 366 70003000000000000003.0[54]
Vanniyar Dravidian (Southern) 25 50000000000000000000.0[13] 25 70008000000000000008.0[13] — — 25 50000000000000000000.0[13] 25 50000000000000000000.0[13] 25 700116000000000000016.0[13] — — — — — — 25 700120000000000000020.0[13]
Vellalar Dravidian (Southern) 31 50000000000000000000.0[13] 31 700112900000000000012.9[13] 31 50000000000000000000.0[13] 31 50000000000000000000.0[13] 31 50000000000000000000.0[13] 31 700138700000000000038.7[13] 31 50000000000000000000.0[13] 31 50000000000000000000.0[13] 31 50000000000000000000.0[13] 31 700116100000000000016.1[13]
Welsh (Anglesey) IE (Celtic) 88 700189000000000000089.0[46] 88 70001000000000000001.0[46] 196 70008100000000000008.1[10] 88 70003000000000000003.0[46] — — — — — — — — — — — —
Yagnobis IE (Iranic, NE) 31 700132299999990000032.3[54] 31 700116100000000000016.1[54] 31 50000000000000000000.0[54] 31 50000000000000000000.0[54] — — 31 700132299999990000032.3[54] 31 50000000000000000000.0[54] — — — — 31 70009700000000999999.7[54]
Yakuts Altaic (Turkic) 155 70001900000000000001.9[39] 155 70001900000000000001.9[39] 155 70001300000000000001.3[39] — — — — — — — — 155 700188400000000000088.4[39] — — — —
Yakuts Altaic (Turkic) — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 10 700180000000000000080.0[11] — — — —
Yorubas Niger–Congo (West) 21 70004800000000000004.8[69] - - - - - - 28 700193100000000000093.1[70] - - - - - - - - - -
Population Language[1] n[2] R1b[3] n R1a n I n E1b1b n E1b1a n J n G n N n T n L
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

The tree below shows the descent of the major Y Chromosomal groups from the so-called Y-Chromosomal Adam.


Evolutionary tree of human Y-chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroups
MRC Y-ancestor
A0 A1
A1a A1b
A1b1 BT
B CT
DE CF
D E C F
G H IJK
IJ K
I J LT K(xLT)
L T M NO P S
N O Q R

See also[edit]

Portal icon Evolutionary biology portal

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b IE = Indo-European
  2. ^ a b First column gives the amount of total Sample Size studied
  3. ^ a b Second column gives the Percentage of the particular haplogroup among the Sample Size
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Nasidze et al., (2004)Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Variation in the Caucasus
  5. ^ a b Although the chart here says J, this group has mainly only J2
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz Semino, A; Passarino G, Oefner PJ, Lin AA, Arbuzova S, Beckman LE, De Benedictis G, Francalacci P, Kouvatsi A, Limborska S, Marcikiae M, Mika A, Mika B, Primorac D, Santachiara-Benerecetti AS, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Underhill PA (2000). "The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic *** sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective" (PDF). Science 290 (5494): 1155–9. doi:10.1126/science.290.5494.1155. PMID 11073453. 
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as Pericic, M; Lauc LB, Klaric IM, Rootsi S, Janicijevic B, Rudan I, Terzic R, Colak I, Kvesic A, Popovic D, Sijacki A, Behluli I, Dordevic D, Efremovska L, Bajec DD, Stefanovic BD, Villems R, Rudan P (2005). "High-resolution phylogenetic analysis of southeastern Europe traces major episodes of paternal gene flow among Slavic populations". Mol. Biol. Evol. 22 (10): 1964–75. doi:10.1093/molbev/msi185. PMID 15944443.  Haplogroup frequency data in table 1
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci Bosch, E.; Calafell, F.; González-Neira, A.; Flaiz, C; Mateu, E; Scheil, HG; Huckenbeck, W; Efremovska, L et al. (2006). "Paternal and maternal lineages in the Balkans show a homogeneous landscape over linguistic barriers, except for the isolated Aromuns". Annals of Human Genetics 70 (Pt 4): 459–87. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2005.00251.x. PMID 16759179. 
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh Battaglia, Vincenza; Fornarino, Simona; Al-Zahery, Nadia; Olivieri, Anna; Pala, Maria; Myres, Natalie M; King, Roy J; Rootsi, Siiri et al. (24 December 2008). "Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in southeast Europe". European Journal of Human Genetics 17 (6): 820–30. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2008.249. PMC 2947100. PMID 19107149. 
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad Rootsi et al. (2004).
  11. ^ a b Y-chromosome haplogroup N dispersals from south Siberia to Europe. Derenko et al.
  12. ^ a b Khar'kov, VN; Stepanov, VA; Medvedeva, OF; Spiridonova, MG; Voevoda, MI; Tadinova, VN; Puzyrev, VP (2007). "Gene pool differences between Northern and Southern Altaians inferred from the data on Y-chromosomal haplogroups". Genetika 43 (5): 675–87. PMID 17633562. 
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct Sengupta, S; Zhivotovsky, LA; King, R; Mehdi, SQ; Edmonds, CA; Chow, CE; Lin, AA; Mitra, M et al. (2006). "Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists". American Journal of Human Genetics 78 (2): 202–21. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC 1380230. PMID 16400607. 
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Semino, O; Santachiara-Benerecetti, AS; Falaschi, F; Cavalli-Sforza, LL; Underhill, PA (2002). "Ethiopians and Khoisan Share the Deepest Clades of the Human Y-Chromosome Phylogeny". American Journal of Human Genetics 70 (1): 265–8. doi:10.1086/338306. PMC 384897. PMID 11719903. 
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap Semino et al. (2004).
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br Yunusbaev 2006
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Arredi, B; Poloni, ES; Paracchini, S; Zerjal, T; Fathallah, DM; Makrelouf, M; Pascali, VL; Novelletto, A et al. (2004). "A Predominantly Neolithic Origin for Y-Chromosomal DNA Variation in North Africa". American Journal of Human Genetics 75 (2): 338–45. doi:10.1086/423147. PMC 1216069. PMID 15202071. 
  18. ^ a b c d e Robino et al. (2008), Analysis of Y-chromosomal SNP haplogroups in an Algerian population sample
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Nebel, A; Filon, D; Brinkmann, B; Majumder, PP; Faerman, M; Oppenheim, A (2001). "The Y Chromosome Pool of Jews as Part of the Genetic Landscape of the Middle East". American Journal of Human Genetics 69 (5): 1095–112. doi:10.1086/324070. PMC 1274378. PMID 11573163. 
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Luis, JR; Rowold, DJ; Regueiro, M; Caeiro, B; Cinnioğlu, C; Roseman, C; Underhill, PA; Cavalli-Sforza, LL et al. (2004). "The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors of Human Migrations". American Journal of Human Genetics 74 (3): 532–44. doi:10.1086/382286. PMC 1182266. PMID 14973781.  (Errata)
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Cadenas, Alicia M; Zhivotovsky, Lev A; Cavalli-Sforza, Luca L; Underhill, PA; Herrera, RJ (2008). "Y-chromosome diversity characterizes the Gulf of Oman". European Journal of Human Genetics 16 (3): 374–86. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201934. PMID 17928816. 
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