Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
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| Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug | |||
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| Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ (Russian) | |||
| — Autonomous okrug — | |||
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| Coordinates: 67°15′N 74°40′E / 67.25°N 74.667°ECoordinates: 67°15′N 74°40′E / 67.25°N 74.667°E | |||
| Political status | |||
| Country | Russia | ||
| Federal district | Urals[1] | ||
| Economic region | West Siberian[2] | ||
| Established | December 10, 1930 | ||
| Administrative center | Salekhard | ||
| Government (as of March 2011) | |||
| - Governor | Dmitry Kobylkin[3] | ||
| - Legislature | Legislative Assembly | ||
| Statistics | |||
| Area (as of the 2002 Census)[4] | |||
| - Total | 750,300 km2 (289,692.4 sq mi) | ||
| Area rank | 6th | ||
| Population (2010 Census)[5] | |||
| - Total | 522,904 | ||
| - Rank | 71st | ||
| - Density[6] | 0.7 /km2 (1.8 /sq mi) | ||
| - Urban | 84.7% | ||
| - Rural | 15.3% | ||
| Time zone(s) | YEKST (UTC+06:00)[7] | ||
| ISO 3166-2 | RU-YAN | ||
| License plates | 89 | ||
| Official languages | Russian[8] | ||
| http://adm.yanao.ru/ | |||
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Russian: Яма́ло-Нене́цкий автоно́мный о́круг, Yamalo-Nenetsky Avtonomny Okrug; Nenets: Ямалы-Ненёцие’’ автономной ӈокрук), is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug of Tyumen Oblast). Its administrative center is the town of Salekhard. Population: 522,904 (2010 Census).[5]
Contents |
[edit] Geography and natural history
The Nenets people are an indigenous tribe that have long survived in this region. Their prehistoric life involved subsistence hunting and gathering, including the taking of polar bears; the practice of hunting polar bears (Ursus maritimus) continues up to the present time.[9]
Yamalo-Nenetsky Avtonomny Okrug is traversed by the northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude.
[edit] History
On December 10, 1930, Yamal (Nenets) National Okrug (Ямальский (Ненецкий) национальный округ) was formed based on Ural Oblast.
[edit] Administrative divisions
[edit] Demographics
Population: 522,904 (2010 Census);[5] 507,006 (2002 Census);[10] 486,164 (1989 Census).[11]
[edit] Vital statistics
| Average population (x 1000) | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 84 | 1 683 | 879 | 804 | 20.0 | 10.5 | 9.6 |
| 1975 | 127 | 2 307 | 819 | 1 488 | 18.2 | 6.4 | 11.7 |
| 1980 | 194 | 3 347 | 1 178 | 2 169 | 17.3 | 6.1 | 11.2 |
| 1985 | 374 | 7 838 | 1 555 | 6 283 | 21.0 | 4.2 | 16.8 |
| 1990 | 489 | 8 032 | 1 631 | 6 401 | 16.4 | 3.3 | 13.1 |
| 1991 | 483 | 7 121 | 1 623 | 5 498 | 14.7 | 3.4 | 11.4 |
| 1992 | 470 | 6 123 | 2 108 | 4 015 | 13.0 | 4.5 | 8.5 |
| 1993 | 466 | 5 697 | 2 764 | 2 933 | 12.2 | 5.9 | 6.3 |
| 1994 | 473 | 6 274 | 2 998 | 3 276 | 13.3 | 6.3 | 6.9 |
| 1995 | 483 | 6 337 | 3 107 | 3 230 | 13.1 | 6.4 | 6.7 |
| 1996 | 489 | 6 241 | 3 004 | 3 237 | 12.8 | 6.1 | 6.6 |
| 1997 | 495 | 6 208 | 2 715 | 3 493 | 12.5 | 5.5 | 7.1 |
| 1998 | 498 | 6 395 | 2 544 | 3 851 | 12.8 | 5.1 | 7.7 |
| 1999 | 498 | 6 071 | 2 608 | 3 463 | 12.2 | 5.2 | 7.0 |
| 2000 | 497 | 5 839 | 2 763 | 3 076 | 11.7 | 5.6 | 6.2 |
| 2001 | 501 | 6 388 | 3 057 | 3 331 | 12.8 | 6.1 | 6.7 |
| 2002 | 506 | 6 635 | 2 934 | 3 701 | 13.1 | 5.8 | 7.3 |
| 2003 | 510 | 7 163 | 3 093 | 4 070 | 14.1 | 6.1 | 8.0 |
| 2004 | 511 | 7 264 | 2 975 | 4 289 | 14.2 | 5.8 | 8.4 |
| 2005 | 512 | 7 148 | 3 099 | 4 049 | 14.0 | 6.0 | 7.9 |
| 2006 | 513 | 7 036 | 3 000 | 4 036 | 13.7 | 5.8 | 7.9 |
| 2007 | 515 | 7 700 | 2 937 | 4 763 | 14.9 | 5.7 | 9.2 |
| 2008 | 517 | 7 892 | 2 959 | 4 933 | 15.3 | 5.7 | 9.5 |
| 2009 | 519 | 8 216 | 2 924 | 5 292 | 15.8 | 5.6 | 10.2 |
| 2010 | 522 | 8 263 | 2 873 | 5 390 | 15.8 | 5.5 | 10.3 |
[edit] Regional demographics for 2008 (Jan-Oct)[1]
| Raion | Pp (2007) | Births | Deaths | Growth | BR | DR | NGR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug | 538,600 | 5,814 | 2,202 | 3,612 | 14.39 | 5.45 | 0.89% |
| Salekhard | 40,500 | 499 | 256 | 243 | 16.43 | 8.43 | 0.80% |
| Gubkinsky | 22,300 | 263 | 71 | 192 | 15.72 | 4.25 | 1.15% |
| Labytnangi | 27,700 | 333 | 212 | 121 | 16.03 | 10.20 | 0.58% |
| Muravlenko | 37,000 | 361 | 104 | 257 | 13.01 | 3.75 | 0.93% |
| Nadym | 48,500 | 443 | 197 | 246 | 12.18 | 5.42 | 0.68% |
| Novy Urengoy | 117,000 | 1122 | 334 | 788 | 12.79 | 3.81 | 0.90% |
| Noyabrsk | 109,900 | 1029 | 384 | 645 | 12.48 | 4.66 | 0.78% |
| Krasnoselkupsky | 6,200 | 99 | 41 | 58 | 21.29 | 8.82 | 1.25% |
| Nadymsky | 21,300 | 221 | 67 | 154 | 13.83 | 4.19 | 0.96% |
| Priuralsky | 15,300 | 179 | 72 | 107 | 15.60 | 6.27 | 0.93% |
| Purovsky | 49,900 | 548 | 195 | 353 | 14.64 | 5.21 | 0.94% |
| Tazovsky | 17,200 | 268 | 92 | 176 | 20.78 | 7.13 | 1.36% |
| Shuryshkarsky | 9,900 | 144 | 69 | 75 | 19.39 | 9.29 | 1.01% |
| Yamalsky | 15,900 | 305 | 108 | 197 | 25.58 | 9.06 | 1.65% |
[edit] Ethnic groups
The Nenets make up 5.9% of the population, preceded by ethnic Russians (61.7%), Ukrainians (9.7%), and Tatars (5.6%). Other prominent ethnic groups include Belarusians (1.3%), Khants (1.9%), Azerbaijanis (1.8%), Bashkirs (1.7%), Komi (1%), and Moldovans (0.9%) (all figures are from the 2010 Census).[5]
| Ethnic group |
1939 Census | 1959 Census | 1970 Census | 1979 Census | 1989 Census | 2002 Census | 2010 Census1 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |||
| Nenets | 13,454 | 29.3% | 13,977 | 22.4% | 17,538 | 21.9% | 17,404 | 11.0% | 20,917 | 4.2% | 26,435 | 5.2% | 29,772 | 5.9% | ||
| Khants | 5,367 | 11.7% | 5,519 | 8.9% | 6,513 | 8.1% | 6,466 | 4.1% | 7,247 | 1.5% | 8,760 | 1.7% | 9,489 | 1.9% | ||
| Komi | 4,722 | 10.3% | 4,866 | 7.8% | 5,445 | 6.8% | 5,642 | 3.6% | 6,000 | 1.2% | 6,177 | 1.2% | 5,141 | 1.0% | ||
| Selkups | 87 | 0.2% | 1,245 | 2.0% | 1,710 | 2.1% | 1,611 | 1.0% | 1,530 | 0.3% | 1,797 | 0.4% | 1,988 | 0.4% | ||
| Russians | 19,308 | 42.1% | 27,789 | 44.6% | 37,518 | 46.9% | 93,750 | 59.0% | 292,808 | 59.2% | 298,359 | 58.8% | 312,019 | 61.7% | ||
| Ukrainians | 395 | 0.9% | 1,921 | 3.1% | 3,026 | 3.8% | 15,721 | 9.9% | 85,022 | 17.2% | 66,080 | 13.0% | 48,985 | 9.7% | ||
| Tatars | 1,636 | 3.6% | 3,952 | 6.3% | 4,653 | 5.8% | 8,556 | 5.4% | 26,431 | 5.3% | 27,734 | 5.5% | 28,509 | 5.6% | ||
| Others | 871 | 1.9% | 3,065 | 4.9% | 3,574 | 4.5% | 9,694 | 6.1% | 54,889 | 11.1% | 71,664 | 14.1% | 74,625 | 14.3% | ||
| 1 17,517 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[12] | ||||||||||||||||
[edit] Economy
Yamalo-Nenetsky Avtonomny Okrug is Russia's most important source of natural gas, with more than 90% of Russia's natural gas being produced there. The region also accounts for 12% of Russia's oil production.[13] The region is of utmost importance to Russia's largest company Gazprom, whose main production fields are located there. Novatek – the country's second largest gas producer – is also active in the region, with its headquarteres located in Tarko-Sale.
[edit] References
- ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", №20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000).
- ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
- ^ Official website of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Dmitry Nikolayevich Kobylkin, Governor of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Russian)
- ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_01_03.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
- ^ a b c d Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2011). "Информационные материалы об окончательных итогах Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года (Information on the final results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/perepis_itogi1612.htm. Retrieved 2011-12-28.
- ^ The density value was calculated by dividing the population reported by the 2010 Census by the area shown in the "Area" field. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox is not necessarily reported for the same year as the population.
- ^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication).
- ^ Official the whole territory of Russia according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
- ^ C. Michael Hogan (2008) Polar Bear: Ursus maritimus, Globaltwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg
- ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
- ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров. (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)" (in Russian). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg.php. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
- ^ http://www.perepis-2010.ru/news/detail.php?ID=6936
- ^ "Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area". Kommersant. 2004-03-05. http://www.kommersant.com/p-30/r_373/Yamalo-Nenets_Autonomous_Area/. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
[edit] External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District |
- Nadym Community (Russian)
- muji.ru (Russian)
- Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Tourism
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