Yavne
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| Yavne | |||
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| Hebrew transcription(s) | |||
| • Hebrew | יַבְנֶה | ||
| • ISO 259 | Yabne | ||
| • Also spelled | Jamnia (unofficial) | ||
| Arabic transcription(s) | |||
| • Arabic | ياڨني, يبنة | ||
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 Yavne
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| Coordinates: 31°53′N 34°44′E / 31.883°N 34.733°ECoordinates: 31°53′N 34°44′E / 31.883°N 34.733°E | |||
| District | Center | ||
| Founded | 1949 | ||
| Government | |||
| • Type | City | ||
| • Mayor | Zvi Gov-Ari | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 10,700 dunams (10.7 km2 or 4.1 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2009)[1] | |||
| • Total | 33,000 | ||
Yavne (Hebrew: יַבְנֶה) (Arabic: ياڨني يبنة, Yibnah) is a city in the Central District of Israel. According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), at the end of 2009 the city had a population of 33,000.[1]
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[edit] History
Yavne was one of the major ancient cities in the southern coastal plain, situated 20 km (12.43 mi) south of Jaffa, 15 km (9.32 mi) north of Ashdod, and 7 km (4.35 mi) east of the Mediterranean.[2] Excavations were carried out on the ancient raised tel which developed on a natural kurkar hill. The tel was inhabited, possibly continuously, until the British Mandate period. During some periods, especially the Byzantine period, settlement expanded to cover part of the plain and hills surrounding the tel.[2]
Salvage excavations carried out in 2001 by the Israel Antiquities Authority uncovered several burials at the northern foot of the original tel. Most of the burials are dated to the later Iron Age. One burial points to a late Bronze Age occupation.
The Bible refers to Yavne'el (Joshua 15:11) (sometimes transliterated as Jebneel), a border city between the tribal allotments of Judah and Dan. In Roman times, the city was known as Iamnia, also spelled Jamnia. It was bequeathed by King Herod upon his death to his sister Salome. Upon her death it passed to Caesar Augustus who managed it as a private imperial estate, a status it was to maintain for at least a century.[3]
After the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, Rabban Yochanan Ben Zakkai moved the Sanhedrin to Yavne. Some scholars believe the Council of Yavne met there. The Sanhedrin left Yavne for Usha in 80 CE and returned in 116 CE.
Byzantine period finds from excavations include an aqueduct east of the tel, and a kiln.[4][5] In 2007, remains ranging from the Early Islamic period until the British Mandate period were uncovered.[6] An additional kiln, and part of a commercial/industrial area were uncovered at the west of the tel in 2009.[7]
The Crusaders called the city Ibelin and built a castle there in 1141. Its namesake noble family, Ibelin, was important in the Kingdom of Jerusalem and later in the Kingdom of Cyprus. Ibelin was captured by Saladin in 1187. Salvage excavations at the west of the tel unearthed a stash of 53 Crusader coins of the 12th and 13th centuries.[7]
Maqam Abu Hurayra, described as "one of the finest domed mausoleums in Palestine", is located in Yavne. Since the 12th century, it has been known as a tomb of Abu Hurairah, a companion (sahaba) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. After 1948 the shrine has been taken over by Sephardic Jews who believe that the tomb is the burial place of Rabbi Gamaliel of Yavne.[8]
Before the establishment of Israel, the Arab village of Yibna was located there. In salvage excavations in 2001–2002, remains of the pre-state town were uncovered.[9]
[edit] Demographics
According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), in 2001 the ethnic makeup of the city was Jewish and others, without significant Arab population. In 2001, the population included 15,800 men and 16,000 women. The population growth rate in 2001 was 0.5%. 103 new residents moved to Yavne in that year.
[edit] Income
In 2000, there were 10,910 salaried workers and 966 self-employed. The mean monthly wage for a salaried worker was ILS 5,699. Salaried men had a mean monthly wage of ILS 7,430 compared to ILS 4,042 for women. The mean income for the self-employed was 7,631. 640 citizens received unemployment benefits and 2,396 received an income guarantee.
[edit] Education
According to CBS figures for 2001, there were 16 schools and 7,445 students in Yavne (11 elementary schools with 4,037 students and 9 high schools with 3,408 students). 59.6% of 12th graders were entitled to a matriculation certificate that year.
[edit] Economy
Major companies based in Yavne include: Ormat Industries, Aeronautics Defense Systems, Avisar and Orbotech.
[edit] Sports
Maccabi Yavne is the city's major football club. During the 1980s the club played in the top division and in 1985 won the Toto Cup. Today they are in Liga Leumit. and the Basketball team, Elitzur Yavne play in the Liga Leumit (basketball) Since 2007.
Omri Casspi, the first Israeli to play in the National Basketball Association grew up in the city and played for some of its teams.
[edit] Notable residents
- Meir Sheetrit, Israeli Minister of the Interior
- Maor Melikson, footballer
- Shabak Samech band members
- Omri Casspi, NBA basketball player
- Ido Nehoshtan
[edit] International relations
[edit] Twin towns — Sister cities
Yavne is twinned with:
[edit] See also
- List of villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war
- Yavneh-Yam, port of ancient Yavne
[edit] References
- ^ a b "Table 3 – Population of Localities Numbering Above 2,000 Residents and Other Rural Population". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 2010-06-30. http://www.cbs.gov.il/population/new_2010/table3.pdf. Retrieved 2010-10-30.
- ^ a b Rural settlement in the vicinity of Yavneh in the Byzantine period
- ^ Kletter, Raz (2004). "Tel Yavne". Excavations and Surveys in Israel 116. http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.asp?id=30&mag_id=108. Retrieved 2010-08-08.
- ^ Velednizki, Noy (2004). "Yavne Final Report". Excavations and Surveys in Israel 116. http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.asp?id=31&mag_id=108. Retrieved 2010-08-08.
- ^ Sion, Ofer (2005). "Yavne Final Report". Excavations and Surveys in Israel 117. http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.asp?id=222&mag_id=110. Retrieved 2010-08-08.
- ^ Volynsky, Felix (2009). "Tel Yavne Final Report". Excavations and Surveys in Israel 121. http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.asp?id=1110&mag_id=115. Retrieved 2010-08-08.
- ^ a b Shimron, Ilanit (2009-04-06). "מטמון נדיר נמצא בחפירות ארכיאולוגיות בתל יבנה [Rare Treasure Found in Excavations at Tel Yavne]" (in Hebrew). Ynet.co.il (local). http://www.mynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3697876,00.html. Retrieved 2010-08-08.
- ^ Mayer et al., (1950:22) Cited in Petersen, Andrew (2002). A Gazetteer of Buildings in Muslim Palestine: Volume I (British Academy Monographs in Archaeology). Oxford University Press. p. 313. ISBN 9780197270110. http://books.google.com/?id=Ux_2wXFXYewC&q=A+Gazetteer+of+Buildings+in+Muslim+Palestine:+Volume+I+%28British+Academy+Monographs+in+Archaeology%29&dq=A+Gazetteer+of+Buildings+in+Muslim+Palestine:+Volume+I+%28British+Academy+Monographs+in+Archaeology%29.
- ^ Buchennino, Aviva (2006). "Yavne Final Report". Excavations and Surveys in Israel 118. http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.asp?search=&id=293&mag_id=111. Retrieved 2010-08-10.
[edit] External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Yavne |
- City website
- Tel Yavne
- Yavneh Yields Over a Hundred Philistine Cult Stands Biblical Archaeology Review
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