Yellow Line (Washington Metro)
The Yellow Line of the Washington Metro consists of 17 rapid transit stations from Huntington to Fort Totten. The line terminates at the Mount Vernon Square station during peak hours.[note 1] Service is extended to the Green Line stations during off-peak[note 2] hours between Shaw – Howard University and Fort Totten. The line starts in Fairfax County, Virginia, crosses the Capital Beltway, goes through Alexandria and Arlington, crosses the Potomac River via the Fenwick Bridge, and continues north in the District of Columbia as far as M Street NW, at the entrance to the Washington Convention Center.
The line shares tracks with the Green Line from the convention center northward to Fort Totten during off-peak hours. It is the quick link between downtown Washington and National Airport, and shares nearly all of its track with either the Green and Blue Lines. The Yellow Line has only two stations that are not shared by any other lines (Eisenhower Avenue and Huntington), and only two sections of track that are not shared by any other lines – the section at the end of the line, and the section between the L'Enfant Plaza and Pentagon stations, including the Fenwick Bridge.
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[edit] Route
The Southern terminus of the Yellow Line is adjacent to Kings Highway (Virginia Route 241) in Fairfax County, Virginia.[2] The line heads northwest on a bridge over Hunting Creek and the Washington Beltway (Interstate 95) to a station just south of Eisenhower Avenue, which serves a number of government office buildings including the United States Patent Office. The Yellow Line then merges with the Blue Line and follows the right-of-way of the CSX Railroad through the City of Alexandria.[2] The line enters a short tunnel under U.S. Route 1. After crossing a bridge over Four Mile Run, the line enters Arlington County on an elevated structure above the National Airport parking lots.[3] At the north end of the airport, the Yellow Line enters a tunnel under 18th Street South and South Hayes Street.[2] The tunnel continues along the southwest face of the Pentagon which is a two level station to facilitate a fork with the Blue Line. After the Pentagon station, the Yellow Line emerges from its tunnel east of the Pentagon and crosses the Fenwick Bridge over the George Washington Memorial Parkway, the Potomac River and Ohio Drive.[2] At the end of the bridge, the Yellow Line re-enters a tunnel near the Jefferson Memorial and crosses under the Washington Channel.[2] The tunnel merges with the Green Line tunnel under 7th Street Southwest just south of the L'Enfant Plaza.[2] The joint Yellow Line — Green Line tunnel continues north through downtown Washington under 7th Street, turns west under Florida Avenue and U Street, and then north under 14th Street Northwest.[2] The tunnel then turns toward the northeast under Park Road and New Hampshire Avenue.[2] The tunnel then bends eastward under Rock Creek Cemetery and Fort Totten Park to emerge just before entering the lower level of the Fort Totten station. The track continues northeast as just the Green Line to the Greenbelt terminus.[2]
The Yellow Line needs 10 six-car trains (60 rail cars) to run at peak capacity.[4] Internally, the Yellow Line in Virginia was called the "Huntington Route" (C) and the route through the District of Columbia and beyond to Greenbelt as the "Greenbelt Route" (E).[5]
[edit] History
Planning for Metro began with the Mass Transportation Survey in 1955 which attempted to forecast both freeway and mass transit systems sufficient to meet the needs of the region projected for 1980.[6] In 1959, the study's final report included two rapid transit lines which anticipated subways in downtown Washington.[7] Because the plan called for extensive freeway construction within the District of Columbia, alarmed residents lobbied for federal legislation creating a regional transportation agency with a moratorium on freeway construction through July 1, 1962.[8] The new agency, the National Capital Transportation Administration, issued a 1962 Transportation in the National Capital Region report, which did not include the route that became the Yellow Line.[9] A central route under 7th Street in downtown was only added in 1967 primarily to serve the "inner city."[10] In March 1968, the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) board approved its 98-mile (158 km) Adopted Regional System (ARS) which included the Yellow Line from Franconia and Blacklick Road (in Springfield) to Greenbelt.[11]
While a cut-and-fill tunnel for Yellow Line was built under 7th Street and U Street, both street traffic and pedestrian access on those streets were difficult.[12] The result was the loss of the traditional retail businesses along the route. The downtown segment of the line was originally projected to open in September 1977.[13] Obtaining approval of the District of Columbia and Prince Georges' County of the exact alignment of the Yellow Line north of U Street delayed construction. Originally, the ARS called for the line to be placed in the median strip of the planned North Central Freeway,[13] but after that road was cancelled, the route of the replacement subway tunnel became controversial, resulting in years of expensive delays.[14]
Service on the Yellow Line began on April 30, 1983, adding Archives to the system and linking the two already-built stations of Gallery Place and Pentagon with a bridge across the Potomac River. It was extended beyond National Airport by four stations to Huntington on December 17, 1983, the first station outside of the Capital Beltway.[1] When the Green Line link to U Street opened on May 11, 1991, it acted as an extension of the Yellow Line until the southern Green Line branch was completed.[1][12] When Green Line service began, the Yellow Line was truncated at Mount Vernon Square, where a pocket track exists to relay trains.[1]
The Yellow Line was originally planned to follow a slightly different route in Virginia. The plan would have sent Yellow Line trains to Franconia–Springfield, with Blue Line trains serving Huntington. This was changed due to a shortage of rail cars at the time of the completion of the line to Huntington. Because fewer rail cars were required to operate Yellow Line service than would be required to run Blue Line service out to Huntington – due to the Yellow Line's shorter route – the line designations were switched. From 1999 to 2008, the Yellow Line operated to Franconia–Springfield on July 4, as part of Metro's special service pattern on that day.[15]
In 1998, Congress changed the name of the Washington National Airport to the Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport with the law specifying that no money be spent to implement the name change. As a result, WMATA did not change the name of the National Airport station (which never included the full name of the airport). In response to repeated inquiries from Republican congressmen that the station be renamed, WMATA stated that stations are renamed only at the request of the local jurisdiction. Because both Arlington County and the District of Columbia were controlled by Democrats, the name change was blocked. Finally, in 2001, Congress made changing the station's name a condition of further federal funding.[16][17][18][19]
[edit] Extension to Fort Totten
In 2006, Metro board member Jim Graham and D.C. Mayor Anthony A. Williams proposed re-extending Yellow Line service to Fort Totten or even to Greenbelt, which was the originally planned northern terminus for the line. Their proposal did not involve construction of any new track, because either extension would run along the same route as the existing Green Line and would thus relieve crowding on that line. Suburban members of the board initially resisted the proposal. Through a compromise that also increased service on the Red Line, on April 20, 2006 the WMATA board approved a Yellow Line extension to the Fort Totten station during off-peak hours. An 18-month pilot program began on December 31, 2006, at a cost of $5.75 million to the District of Columbia.[20][21] The pilot program was made a permanent service.[22]
[edit] List of stations
The following stations are along the line, from south to north.
- Stations served during all operating hours
- Huntington
- Eisenhower Avenue
- King Street – Old Town (joins Blue Line on same track)
- Braddock Road
- Potomac Yard (planned)[23]
- Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport
- Crystal City
- Pentagon City
- Pentagon (Blue Line diverges)
- Crosses Potomac River via Fenwick Bridge
- L'Enfant Plaza (transfer station for the Blue, Orange, and planned Silver Lines, and joins Green Line on same track)
- Archives – Navy Memorial – Penn Quarter
- Gallery Place (transfer station for the Red Line)
- Mount Vernon Square (transfer station for the Green Line during peak hours; Yellow Line trains terminate on a pocket track north of the station during peak hours)
- Additional stations served during off-peak hours
- Shaw – Howard University
- U Street / African-American Civil War Memorial / Cardozo
- Columbia Heights
- Georgia Avenue – Petworth
- Fort Totten (transfer station for the Red Line and the Green Line). Yellow Line trains cross back over to the southbound tracks via the crossover just north of Fort Totten station.
The final two trains which depart from Huntington before afternoon peak service continue north beyond Fort Totten on to Greenbelt and service the remaining Green Line stations.[24] Additional Yellow Line trains may continue passenger service to Greenbelt during off-peak hours and weekends in order to stage them for Green Line service or for storage at the Greenbelt rail yard. Likewise, trains departing from Greenbelt may be signed as Yellow line trains and travel to Huntington.[25][26]
[edit] Future
On November 16, 1995, WMATA and the developer of the Potomac Yards area of Alexandria, Virginia, signed an agreeement to construct a new station that will be financed by the developer.[1] As of February 2011, WMATA was taking public comments in order to prepare a draft environmental impact statement for the station.[27] A second improvement project involves building a pedestrian tunnel to interconnect the Gallery Place station with Metro Center. A July 2005 study proposed connecting the eastern mezzanine of Metro Center with the western mezzanine of Gallery Place that are only one block apart. The proposed connection would reduce the number of passengers that use the Red Line to transfer between the Yellow Line and the Blue and Orange lines at Metro Center. As of 2011, the project remains unfunded.[28]
The WMATA staff has also proposed diverting Blue Line trains during peak hours to the Yellow Line in order to reduce congestion in the Rosslyn tunnel. If approved, the proposed change would take effect in July 2012.[29]
[edit] See also
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Yellow Line (Washington Metro) |
[edit] Bibliography
Schrag, Zachary (2006). The Great Society Subway: A History of the Washington Metro. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 080188246X.
[edit] Notes
- ^ Peak hours are 5 a.m. to 9:30 a.m. and 3 p.m. to 7 p.m."Metro Pocket Guide 50.532 (REV.3/11)" (PDF). Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. http://www.wmata.com/pdfs/pocket_guides/english.pdf. Retrieved March 30, 2011.
- ^ Off-peak hours are 9:30 a.m. to 3 p.m. and 7 p.m. until closing.
[edit] References
- ^ a b c d e "WMATA History" (PDF). WMATA. http://www.wmata.com/about_metro/docs/history.pdf. Retrieved March 30, 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i American Automobile Association (2000). Metro Washington D.C. Beltway (Map) (2000-2001 ed.).
- ^ "Potomac Yards Metrorail Station EIS". Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. http://potomacyardmetro.com/maps.html. Retrieved April 6, 2011.
- ^ "Approved Fiscal 2009 Annual Budget" (PDF). Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. 2009. p. 80. http://wmata.com/about_metro/docs/FY2009_Approved_Budget.pdf.
- ^ Schrag at p. 188.
- ^ Schrag at p. 33-38.
- ^ Schrag at p. 39.
- ^ Schrag at p. 42.
- ^ Schrag at p. 55.
- ^ Schrag at p. 112.
- ^ Schrag at p. 117.
- ^ a b Schrag at p. 217.
- ^ a b Schrag at p. 214.
- ^ Schrag at p. 214-16.
- ^ The Schumin Web Transit Center. "July 4 Service". http://transit.schuminweb.com/transit/wmata/miscellaneous.php?category=july-4-service. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
- ^ Schrag at p. 258.
- ^ Layton, Lyndsey (April 20, 2001). "GOP Ups Pressure on Metro". Washington Post.
- ^ Layton, Lyndsey (December 1, 2001). "House Votes to Require 'Reagan' at Metro Stop". Washington Post.
- ^ 2002 Transportation Appropriations Act, Public Law 107-87, section 343, Statutes at Large 115 (2001) 833.
- ^ "Yellow Line to extend to Fort Totten; off-peak Red Line turn backs at Grosvenor to end." (Press release). Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. April 20, 2006. http://www.wmata.com/about/met_news/PressReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=1187. Retrieved March 22, 2007.
- ^ "Yellow Line to Fort Totten expected to be approved". Washington Examiner. April 20, 2006. http://washingtonexaminer.com/local/yellow-line-fort-totten-expected-be-approved. Retrieved March 30, 2011.
- ^ "Metro Pocket Guide 50.532 (REV.3/11)" (PDF). Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. http://www.wmata.com/pdfs/pocket_guides/english.pdf. Retrieved March 30, 2011.
- ^ "Potomac Yard Metrorail Station EIS". Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. http://potomacyardmetro.com/. Retrieved March 18, 2011.
- ^ Thomson, Robert (January 14, 2007). "The Way to Expand Transit". Washington Post: pp. page C02. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/13/AR2007011301016.html. Retrieved March 23, 2007
- ^ (PDF) Metrorail Timetable: Weekend. Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. May 26, 2007. http://wmata.com/pdfs/rail/Weekends.pdf. Retrieved June 22, 2009
- ^ (PDF) Metrorail Timetable: Weekday Evening. Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. April 14, 2008. http://wmata.com/pdfs/rail/weekday_evenings.pdf. Retrieved June 22, 2009
- ^ "Potomac Yard Metrorail Station EIS". Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. http://potomacyardmetro.com/alternatives.html. Retrieved March 30, 2011.
- ^ "Gallery Place/Chinatown - Metro Center Pedestrian Passageway". Washington Metropolitan Area Transity Authority. http://www.wmata.com/about_metro/docs/PD_MCGP_Ped_Tunnel_Drawings_071405.pdf. Retrieved April 4, 2011.
- ^ Thomson, Robert (March 8, 2011). "Metro plans Blue Line split for 2012". The Washington Post. http://voices.washingtonpost.com/dr-gridlock/2011/03/metro_plans_blue_line_split.html. Retrieved March 30, 2011.
[edit] External links
- world.nycsubway.org: Yellow Line
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