Yevgenia Bosch

Yevgenia Gotlieb Bosch Евге́ния Богда́новна Бош
People's Secretary of Internal Affairs
In office December 30, 1917 – March 1, 1918
Preceded by	position introduced
Succeeded by	Yuriy Kotsiubynsky
Chairman of the People's Secretariat (acting)
In office December 30, 1917 – March 1, 1918
Preceded by	position introduced
Succeeded by	Mykola Skrypnyk
Personal details
Born	(1879-08-23)August 23, 1879 Ochakiv, Russian Empire
Died	January 5, 1925(1925-01-05) (aged 45) Moscow, Soviet Union
Citizenship	Russia, Soviet
Nationality	German
Political party	Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine
Spouse(s)	Peter Bosch Georgy Pyatakov
Children	two daughters: Olha Kotsyubynska ?
Alma mater	Voznesensk Female Gymnasium (1903)

Yevgenia Bosch (Ukrainian: Євгенія Богданівна (Готлібівна) Бош; Russian: Евге́ния Богда́новна (Го́тлибовна) Бош) (August 23, 1879—January 5, 1925) was a Bolshevik activist, politician, and member of the Soviet government in Ukraine during the revolutionary period earlier in the 20th century.

Early years

Officially Bosch was born in Ochakiv, in the Kherson Governorate of the Russian Empire, but some records have another information - village of Adjigol, Odessa uyezd, Kherson Governorate in a family of a German colonist, mechanic, and landowner Gotlieb Meisch and Bessarabian noblewoman Maria Krusser. Yevgenia Bosch was the fifth and the last born child in family. Soon after the death of Gotlieb Meisch, Maria Krusser married her husband's brother Theodore Meisch. For three years Yevgenia attended Voznesensk Female Gymnasium, after which due to her health conditions she worked for her stepfather as a secretary. Being stuck in parents household Yevgenia sought means to leave. Her older brother Oleksiy acquainted her with his friend Peter Bosch who was an owner of a local small wagon shop. At 16 Yevgenia married Bosch and later gives birth to two daughters.

First Party Years

In 1901, at 22, she became a member of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) and after the II Party Congress became a bolshevik. She tried to educate herself while raising her two daughters. In 1907 she divorced her husband and moved to Kiev where Bosch lived at vulytsia Velyka Pidvalna, 25 (today vulytsia Yaroslaviv Val). In Kiev she established contact with local bolshevik faction and together with her younger sister Elena Rozmirovich (future wife of Nikolai Krylenko, chekist) conducted underground revolutionary activities. In 1911 Bosch is the secretary of the Kiev Committee of the RSDLP(b) exchanging letter with Lenin and Krupskaya. In April 1912 she was arrested and imprisoned in one of the Yekaterinoslav's prisons. There her health worsened as she had inborn heart and lung disease. The Kiev Court Chamber convicted her to life-term exile in Siberia while she suffered from tuberculosis.

The fate was merciful to her nevertheless as she together with other convicted bolsheviks (Pyatakov) managed to escape from Kachuga volost, Upper-Lena uyezd, Irkutsk Governorate first to Vladivostok, and then with a short stint in Japan to the United States. Later Bosch moved to Switzerland where she took part in the Bern conference. There together with Georgy Pyatakov they established the so called Bogie group (Bogie is a suburb of Lausanne) which included Nikolai Bukharin, G.Krylenko, and others and stood in opposition to Lenin, concerning the nationalities factor. Afterward for some time with Pyatakov she resided in Stockholm and Kristiania (Oslo). After the February Revolution at that time they returned to what then was the Russian Republic to organize an opposition to the Lenin's course. But after the April conference of the RSDLP Bosch changed to the Lenin's course. She was elected as the chairmen of a district (okrug) Party Committee and then an oblast Party Committee in the Southwestern Krai. Her reconciliation with Lenin costed her a married life.

Later party years and suicide

Bosch joined the left opposition in 1923. Due to heart disease, cardiac asthma and pulmonary tuberculosis she committed suicide in January 1925.

Aftermath

Yevgeniya Bosch Bridge that existed in Kiev from 1925 to 1941 was named after her. The bridge was constructed by Evgeny Paton on the base of the remnants of Nicholas Chain Bridge blown up by retreating Polish troops in 1920. A lot of other important objects in Ukraine and other places of the former USSR were given her name (most of them were renamed after 1991).

Her daughter Olha married Yuriy Kotsyubynsky and gave birth to Oleh Yuriyovych Kotsyubynsky.

External links

• Biography of Bosch. Ukrayinska Pravda

Political offices
Preceded by office installed	People's Secretary of Internal Affairs December 1917–April 1918	Succeeded by office liquidated