Young Ottomans
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The Young Ottomans (Turkish: Yeni Osmanlılar[1]) were a secret organization of Ottoman nationalist intellectuals formed in 1865, influenced by such Western thinkers as Montesquieu and Rousseau and the French Revolution. They developed the concept of Ottomanism, aligned with these thinkers. They advocated a constitutional, parliamentary government.
The Young Ottomans were bureaucrats resulting from the Tanzimat reforms who were unsatisfied with its bureaucratic absolutism and sought a more democratic solution. One of them was Namık Kemal, who basically introduced the concepts of vatan (fatherland) and hürriyet (freedom) in the Turkish language.
The organization was declared forbidden and its members exiled in 1867.
The failure of the "Young Ottoman" policies (Ottomanism) in reverting the decline of the Ottoman Empire led groups of intellectuals to search for other means. One of these groups was the Young Turks, which brought the Empire to the Second Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire) and then to World War I, with the policies developed under the Three Pashas.
[edit] See also
[edit] Notes
- ^ The Turkish name Yeni Osmanlılar literally means "New Ottomans", but the translation "Young Ottomans" is traditional.
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