Yuki-onna
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Yuki Onna (雪女, snow woman) is a spirit or yōkai in Japanese folklore. She is a popular figure in Japanese animation, manga, and literature. Yuki-onna is sometimes confused with Yama-uba ("mountain crone"), but they are not the same.[1]
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[edit] Appearance
Yuki-onna appears on snowy nights as a tall, beautiful woman with long hair. Her inhumanly pale or even transparent skin makes her blend into the snowy landscape (as famously described in Lafcadio Hearn's Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things). She sometimes wears a white kimono,[2] but other legends describe her as nude, with only her face and hair standing out against the snow.[3] Despite her inhuman beauty, her eyes can strike terror into mortals. She floats across the snow, leaving no footprints (in fact, some tales say she has no feet, a feature of many Japanese ghosts), and she can transform into a cloud of mist or snow if threatened.[4]
[edit] Behavior
Some legends say the Yuki-onna, being associated with winter and snowstorms, is the spirit of someone who perished in the snow.[5] She is at the same time beautiful and serene, yet ruthless in killing unsuspecting mortals. Until the 18th century, she was almost uniformly portrayed as evil. Today, however, stories often color her as more human, emphasizing her ghost-like nature and ephemeral beauty.[6]
In many stories, Yuki-onna appears to travelers trapped in snowstorms, and uses her icy breath to leave them as frost-coated corpses. Other legends say she leads them astray so they simply die of exposure. Other times, she manifests holding a child. When a well-intentioned soul takes the "child" from her, they are frozen in place.[2] Parents searching for lost children are particularly susceptible to this tactic. Other legends make Yuki-onna much more aggressive. In these stories, she often invades homes, blowing in the door with a gust of wind to kill residents in their sleep (Some legends require her to be invited inside first.)
What Yuki-onna is after varies from tale to tale. Sometimes she is simply satisfied to see a victim die. Other times, she is more vampiric, draining her victims' blood or "life force." She occasionally takes on a succubus-like manner, preying on weak-willed men to drain or freeze them through sex or a kiss.[2]
Like the snow and winter weather she represents, Yuki-onna has a softer side. She sometimes lets would-be victims go for various reasons. In one popular Yuki-onna legend, for example, she sets a young boy free because of his beauty and age. She makes him promise never to speak of her, but later in life, he tells the story to his wife who reveals herself to be the snow woman. She reviles him for breaking his promise, but spares him again, this time out of concern for their children (but if he dares mistreat their children, she will return with no mercy. Luckily for him, he is a loving father).[6] In a similar legend, Yuki-onna melts away once her husband discovers her true nature.
[edit] Lafcadio Hearn's version
A long time ago, there lived two woodcutters, Minokichi and Mosaku. Minokichi was young and Mosaku was very old.
One winter day, they could not come back home because of a snowstorm. They found a hut in the mountain and decided to sleep there. On this particular evening, Minokichi woke up and found a beautiful lady with white clothes. She breathed on old Mosaku and he was frozen to death.
She then approached Minokichi to breathe on him, but stared at him for a while, and said, "I thought I was going to kill you, the same as that old man, but I will not, because you are young and beautiful. You must not tell anyone about this incident. If you tell anyone about me, I will kill you."
Several years later, Minokichi met a beautiful young lady, named Oyuki (yuki = "snow") and married her. She was a good wife. Minokichi and Oyuki had several children and lived happily for many years. Mysteriously, she did not age.
One night, after the children were asleep, Minokichi said to Oyuki: "Whenever I see you, I am reminded of a mysterious incident that happened to me. When I was young, I met a beautiful young lady like you. I do not know whether it was dream or she was a Yuki-onna..."
After finishing his story, Oyuki suddenly stood up, and said "That woman you met was me! I told you that I would kill you if you ever told anyone about that incident. However, I can't kill you because of our children. Take care of our children... " Then she melted and disappeared. No one saw her again.
[edit] In popular culture
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This "In popular culture" section may contain too many minor or trivial references. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture rather than simply listing appearances, and remove trivia references. (July 2009) |
Being a creature of Japanese folklore, the Yuki-onna has naturally been used as a character in a wide range of Japanese fiction and pop-culture. Like many yōkai, it has been the basis for a Pokémon species. Yuki-onna-themed characters in manga/anime include Yukime in Hell Teacher Nūbē; Yukiko-hime in Go Nagai's Dororon Enma-kun (who is actually the daughter of the real Yuki-onna); the sinister Snow Woman in The Littl' Bits; ageless gatekeeper Yukino Houjou from the Gate Keepers; Mizore Shirayuki from Rosario + Vampire; Yukina, the lost sister of Hiei in YuYu Hakusho; the Ranma ½ character Yuki Onna; and the Urusei Yatsura character Oyuki. The creature has also made an appearance in one Anime-filler episode of InuYasha, when Miroku and Sango are out alone in a snowstorm. She also makes gag appearances such as Demashita! Powerpuff Girls Z. Also, in the new manga Nurarihyon no Mago, which is yokai-themed, they use a variation of the yuki-onna. Some series, such as Shirahime-Syo: Snow Goddess Tales by Clamp use the yuki-onna as a main character. Letty Whiterock of Touhou Project is a Yuki-onna who only appears during winter. Crayon Shin-chan once parodied the story in a "tale" episode.
Yuki-onna have appeared in live action films, such as Takashi Miike's The Great Yokai War (2005), Akira Kurosawa's film Dreams (1990) and Misaki Kobayashi's Kwaidan (1965). She is also the character referred to in the song Lady of the Snow on the album Twilight in Olympus by Symphony X and once appeared in the Anime/Manga InuYasha. In the movie "Memoirs of a Geisha" Sayuri performs a snow dance that seems to be based on the Yuki-onna.
The anthology horror movie Tales From The Darkside: The Movie features a segment titled "Lover's Vow", the plot of which very much resembles the Lafcadio Hearn tale of Yuki-onna, although the monster is more akin to a gargoyle.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Yuki-onna and Yama-uba at shejapan.com
- ^ a b c Yuki-onna at japanese1-2-3.com
- ^ Seki, Seigo Seki (1963), Folktales of Japan, p. 81, University of Chicago, ISBN 0226746143
- ^ Yuki-onna at the Encyclopedia Mythica
- ^ Smith, Richard Gordon, "The Snow Ghost" Chapter XLIX of Ancient Tales and Folk-lore of Japan at sacred-texts.com
- ^ a b Kwaidan - Yuki-onna (Snow Woman) at www.sarudama.com
[edit] External references
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Yuki-onna |
- The Obakemono Project: Yuki-onna
- An article that references Yuki Onna in the movies Japanzine By Jon Wilks
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