Zail Singh
| Zail Singh | |
|---|---|
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| 7th President of India | |
| In office July 25, 1982 – July 25, 1987 |
|
| Prime Minister | Indira Gandhi Rajiv Gandhi |
| Vice President | Mohammad Hidayatullah R. Venkataraman |
| Preceded by | Neelam Sanjiva Reddy |
| Succeeded by | R. Venkataraman |
| Minister of Home Affairs | |
| In office January 14, 1980 – June 22, 1982 |
|
| Prime Minister | Indira Gandhi |
| Preceded by | Yashwantrao Chavan |
| Succeeded by | R. Venkataraman |
| Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement | |
| In office March 12, 1983 – September 6, 1986 |
|
| Preceded by | Fidel Castro |
| Succeeded by | Robert Mugabe |
| Personal details | |
| Born | May 5, 1916 Sandhwan, British Raj |
| Died | December 25, 1994 (aged 78) Chandigarh, India |
| Political party | Indian National Congress |
| Alma mater | Shaheed Sikh Missionary College |
| Religion | Sikhism |
Giani Zail Singh (
pronunciation (help·info); May 5, 1916 – December 25, 1994) was the seventh President of India, serving from 1982 to 1987. Prior to his presidency, he was a politician with the Indian National Congress party, and had held several ministerial posts in the Union Cabinet, including that of Home Minister.
His presidency was marked by Operation Blue Star, the assassination of Indira Gandhi, and the 1984 anti-Sikh riots.[1] He died of injuries in 1994 after a car accident.
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Early life [edit]
He was born in Sandhwan, Faridkot district on May 5, 1916 to Kishan Singh. He was a Sikh by religion, was given the title of Giani, as he was educated and learned about Guru Granth Sahib at Shaheed Sikh Missionary College in Amritsar. However, he did not have formal secular education.[2]
State Politics (1947-1971) [edit]
In 1947, with the reorganization of India along secular lines an, he opposed Harindar Singh, ruler of Faridkot State and was incarcerated and tortured for five years.[3] He was called on to be the Revenue Minister of the recently formed Patiala and East Punjab States Union, under Chief Minister Gian Singh Rarewala in 1949 and later became Minister of Agriculture in 1951. From 1956 to 1962, he was a member of the Rajya Sabha.[citation needed]
Chief Minister of Punjab (1972-77) [edit]
Zail Singh was elected as a Congress Chief Minister of Punjab in 1972.[4] He arranged massive religious gatherings, started public functions with a traditional Sikh prayer, inaugurated a highway named after Guru Gobind Singh, and named a township after the Guru's son.[5] He created a lifelong pension scheme for the freedom fighters of the state. He repatriated the remains of Udham Singh from London, armaments and articles belonging to Guru Gobind Singh.
Central Government [edit]
In 1980, Zail Singh was elected to the 7th Lok Sabha, and appointed to join Indira Gandhi's cabinet as Minister of Home Affairs.[1]
President of India [edit]
In 1982 he was unanimously nominated to serve as the President. Nonetheless, some in the media felt that the president had been chosen for being an Indira loyalist rather than an eminent person. “If my leader had said I should pick up a broom and be a sweeper, I would have done that. She chose me to be President,”[6] Singh was quoted to have said after his election. He took the oath of office on July 25, 1982.
He served beside Gandhi, and protocol dictated that he should be briefed every week by her on the affairs of the state. The day before Operation Blue Star, he met with Gandhi for more than an hour, but she omitted even sharing a word about her plan.[7] Following the operation he was pressured to resign from his post by Sikhs. He decided against resignation fearing to aggravate the situation on advice from Yogi Bhajan. He was subsequently called before the Akal Takhat to apologize and explain his inaction at the desecration of the Harimandir Sahib and killing of innocent Sikhs. Indira Gandhi was assassinated in 1984, and he appointed Rajiv Gandhi as Prime Minister.[8]
Latter Term [edit]
His remaining term was full of controversies on account of his soured relations with prime minister Rajiv Gandhi. During this time, he ensured that the prime minister adhered to protocols and forced him to remove KK Tewary, a congress MP who alleged on the floor of the Lok Sabha that the president had sheltered terrorists in the Rashtrapati Bhawan.[9]
Singh refused assent to the "Indian Post Office (Amendment) Bill" in 1986 to show his opposition to the bill. The bill was later withdrawn by the V. P. Singh Government in 1990.[10]
Death [edit]
On November 29, 1994 Zail Singh was involved in a serious vehicle accident near Kiratpur Sahib in Ropar District on his way to the Anandpur Sahib. He later died at the Post Graduate Institute, Chandigarh on 25 December 1994 and was cremated at the Raj Ghat Memorial near Old Delhi.[11]
See also [edit]
References [edit]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Zail Singh |
- ^ a b "Zail Singh, 78, First Sikh To Hold India's Presidency". The New York Times. 1994-12-26. Retrieved 2011-26-10.
- ^ "Zail Singh." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2011. Web. 26 Oct. 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/545853/Zail-Singh>.
- ^ A.C. Aurora, “Punjab Riyasti Praja Mandal”, The Encyclopedia of Sikhism, ed. Harbans Singh, Vol. III, Patiala, India, Punjabi University, 1997, p. 278.
- ^ Sangat Singh, The Sikhs in History, New Delhi, Uncommon Books, 1999, pp. 350-54; Khushwant Singh, A History of the Sikhs, Volume II: 1839-2004, New Delhi, Oxford University Press, pp. 315-17.
- ^ Khushwant Singh, A History of the Sikhs, Volume II: 1839-2004, New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 355.
- ^ 10 stories that changed in our lifetime. India Today. 2008-12-19. Retrieved 2011-26-10. http://indiatoday.intoday.in/site/Story/23077/10+stories+that+changed+in+our+lifetime.html?complete=1
- ^ Khushwant Singh, A History of the Sikhs, Volume II: 1839-2004, New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 359-60.
- ^ Harjot Singh, “Zail Singh, Giani”, The Encyclopedia of Sikhism, ed. Harbans Singh, Vol. IV, Patiala, India, Punjabi University, 1997, pp. 456-57.
- ^ "Presidential Years of Zail Singh". outlook india. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
- ^ "Show Of Dissent". India Today. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
- ^ Harjot Singh, “Zail Singh, Giani”, The Encyclopedia of Sikhism, ed. Harbans Singh, Vol. IV, Patiala, India, Punjabi University, 1997, p. 457.
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Yashwantrao Chavan |
Minister of Home Affairs 1980–1982 |
Succeeded by Ramaswamy Venkataraman |
| Preceded by Neelam Sanjiva Reddy |
President of India 1982–1987 |
|
| Diplomatic posts | ||
| Preceded by Fidel Castro |
Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement 1983–1986 |
Succeeded by Robert Mugabe |
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