Ali ibn al-Husayn Zayn al-'Abidin

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Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim
Ali Zayn al-Abidin
Imam of Twelver Shia Islam
Rank 4th Twelver/Zaidi/Mustaali Imām
3rd Nizārī Imām
Name Ali ibn al-Husayn Alaihis Salaam
Kunya Abu al-Hasan
Birth 5th Sha‘bān 38 AH[1]
≈ 659 C.E.
Death 12th or 25th Muharram 95 AH
'≈ 712 C.E.
Birthplace Madīnah[2][3] or Kūfah[4]
Buried Jannatul Baqī‘, Madīnah
Life duration

Before Imamate: 23 years
(38 – 61 AH)
- 2 years with his grandfather ‘Alī
– 12 years with his uncle Hasan ibn `Alī
– 23 years with his father Husayn ibn ‘Alī

Imamate: 34 years
(61 – 95 AH)
Titles
Spouse(s)
Father Husayn ibn Ali
Mother Shahr Banu[3][6][10]
Children
Ali · Hasan · Hussein

al-Sajjad · al-Baqir · al-Sadiq
al-Kadhim · al-Rida · al-Taqi
al-Hadi · al-Askari · al-Mahdi

Ali [Alaihis Salaam] ibn al-Husayn [Alaihis Salaam] (Arabic: علي بن الحسين ‎) (approximately 6 January 659 – 20 October 712)[2] known by the honorific Zayn al-Abidin ("Beauty/Best of the Worshippers") was a great-grandson of Holy Prophet of Lord Almighty Allah Muhammad Mustafa Sallallahu Alaihi Wa Aalihi Wa Sallam , as well as the fourth Shiah Imam (the third Imam according to Ismailis). His mother was Shahrbanu and his father was Husayn Alaihis Salaam ibn Ali Alaihis Salaam. His brothers include Ali al-Asghar ibn Husayn Alaihis Salaam and Ali al-Akbar ibn Husayn Alaihis Salaam. He is also referred to as Imam al-Sajjad "the Prostrating Imam" and Sayyid as-Sajjadīna wa Raki‘in "Leader of Those who Prostrate and Bow".

Contents

Birth and family life[edit]

Ali Alaihis Salaam was born in Medina. His father, Husayn Alaihis Salaam ibn Ali Alaihis Salaam, was a grandson of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad Mustafa Sallallahu Alaihi Wa Aalihi Wa Sallam. His brothers were Ali al-Akbar and Ali al-Asghar. His sisters were Sakinah Alaihas Salaam(Fatima al-Kubra) bint Husayn, Fatima al-Sughra bint al-Husayn Alaihis Salaam and Ruqayyah.He was known as zayn-ul-abideen.

Learning[edit]

He dedicated his life to learning and became an authority on prophetic traditions and Sharia. He is regarded as the source of the third holiest book in Shia Islam after the Quraan and the Nahj al Balagha: the Saḥīfa al-Sadjadiyya, commonly referred to as the Psalms of the Household of Muhammad. Al-Ḥusayn had many supporters such as Sa'id ibn Jubayr.

He migrated to Karbala with his father. He was the only one of the sons of Hussein Alaihis Salaam ibn Ali Alaihis Salaam who survived the Battle of Karbala in 680, since he did not take part in the fighting due to illness.[11]

Death[edit]

The historical tomb of Al-Baqi' has been destroyed in 1926. Ali ibn al-Husayn was one of four shia Imams buried here.

Al-Ḥusayn Alaihis Salaam resided in Medina until his death on approximately 20 October 712, when he was killed by the Bani Umayyah rulers. By the instructions of Walid Bin Merwan, the governor of Medina, Ali Alaihis Salaam was poisoned by Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik. He was buried in Jannatul Baqee', the cemetery in Madinah where other important figures of Islamic history are buried.

Time line[edit]

Ali ibn al-Husayn Zayn al-'Abidin
of the Ahl al-Bayt
Clan of the Banu Quraish
Born: 5th Sha‘bān 38 AH ≈ 659 CE Died: 25th Muharram 95 AH ≈ 712 CE
Shī‘a Islam titles
Preceded by
Husayn ibn Ali		 4th Imam of Twelver Shi'a Islam
680 – 712
3rd Imam of Ismaili Shi'a Islam		 Succeeded by
Muhammad al-Baqir
Successor
Succeeded by
Zayd ibn Ali
Zaidi successor

See also[edit]

External links[edit]

Wikisource has original works written by or about:
Ali ibn al-Husayn Zayn al-'Abidin

References[edit]

  1. ^ 1. Kitab Al Irshad, Shaykh Mufid. 2. Ibn al-Sabbagh, al-Fusul al-Muhimma, p. 212.
  2. ^ a b Shaykh al-Mufid. "The Infallibles – Taken from Kitab al Irshad". Retrieved 2009-05-12. 
  3. ^ a b c A Brief History of The Fourteen Infallibles. Qum: Ansariyan Publications. 2004. p. 111. 
  4. ^ al-Qurashi, Baqir Shareef. "2". The life of Imam Zayn al-‘Abidin. Qum: Ansariyan Publications. p. 14. 
  5. ^ al-Qurashi, Baqir Shareef. The life of Imam Zayn al-‘Abidin. Ansariyan Publications. p. 17. 
  6. ^ a b c ibn Khallikan. Ibn Khallikan's biographical dictionary 2. p. 209. 
  7. ^ A Brief History of The Fourteen Infallibles. Ansariyan Publications. p. 112. 
  8. ^ a b al-Qurashi, Baqir Shareef. The life of Imam Zayn al-‘Abidin. Ansariyan Publications. p. 18. 
  9. ^ a b al-Qurashi, Baqir Shareef. The life of Imam Zayn al-‘Abidin. Ansariyan Publications. p. 19. 
  10. ^ Tabataba'i, Muhammad Husayn (1979). Shi'ite Islam. State University of New York Press. p. 201. 
  11. ^ Jafri, S.H Mohammad. "The Origin and Early Development of Shi'a Islam,”, Oxford University Press, 2002, p. 166, ISBN 978-0-19-579387-1

Shi'a references[edit]
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