Ziyarid dynasty

Ziyarid dynasty زیاریان
Emirate
← 931–1090 →   →
Map of the Ziyarid dynasty, lighter blue shows their greatest extent for a small period of time.
Capital		Isfahan (During the reign of Mardavij) Ray Amol
Languages		Persian Caspian languages
Political structure		Emirate
Historical era		Middle Ages
-	Established	931
-	Disestablished	1090

History of Iran
ANCIENT
Proto-Elamite 3200–2700 BCE
Elam 2700–539 BCE
Mannaeans 850–616 BCE
IMPERIAL
Median Empire 678–550 BCE
(Scythian Kingdom 652–625 BCE)
Achaemenid Empire 550–330 BCE
Seleucid Empire 312–63 BCE
Parthian Empire 247 BCE – 224 CE
Sassanid Empire 224–651
(Dabuyid dynasty 642–759/760)
MIDDLE AGES
Umayyad Caliphate 661–750
Abbasid Caliphate 750–1258
Saffarid Dynasty 867–1002	Ziyarid Dynasty 928–1043
Sallarid dynasty 941–1062
Sajid dynasty 889/890–929
Buyid Dynasty 934–1055	Samanid Dynasty 875–999
Ghaznavid Empire 963–1186
Great Seljuq Empire 1037–1194
Ghurid Dynasty 1148–1215
Khwarazmian Empire 1077–1231
Kurt Dynasty 1244–1396
Ilkhanate Empire 1256–1335
Chobanid Dynasty 1335–1357	Muzaffarid Dynasty 1335–1393
Jalayirid Dynasty 1336–1432	Sarbadars 1337–1376
Timurid Empire 1370–1405
Qara Qoyunlu 1406–1468	Timurid Dynasty 1405–1507
Agh Qoyunlu 1468–1508
EARLY MODERN
Safavid Empire 1501–1736
(Hotaki Dynasty 1722–1729)
Afsharid Empire 1736–1747
Zand Dynasty 1760–1794	Afsharid Dynasty 1747–1796
Qajar Empire 1796–1925
MODERN
Pahlavi Dynasty 1925–1979
Interim Government 1979–1980
Islamic Republic 1980–present
Related articles  Timeline of Iranian history Economic history Education history Military history Naval history

History of Greater Iran
Until the rise of modern nation-states
Pre-modern
Pre-Islamic  Prehistory Proto-Elamite civilization 3200–2800 BC Elamite dynasties 2800–550 BC Bactria-Margiana Complex 2200–1700 BC Kingdom of Mannai 10th–7th century BC Median Empire 728 –550 BC Scythian Kingdom 652–625 BC Achaemenid Empire 550–330 BC Seleucid Empire 330–150 BC Greco-Bactrian Kingdom 250-125 BC Parthian Empire 248–BC 224 CE Kushan Empire 30–275 Sassanid Empire 224–651 Afrighid dynasty 305–995 Hephthalite Empire 425–557 Kabul Shahi kingdom 565–879 Dabuyid dynasty 642–760 Kingdom of Alania 8th-9th century–1238/1239
Islamic  Patriarchal Caliphate 637–651 Umayyad Caliphate 661–750 Abbasid Caliphate 750–1258 Tahirid dynasty 821–873 Zaydis of Tabaristan 864–928 Saffarid dynasty 861–1003 Samanid dynasty 819–999 Sajids 889/890–929 Ziyarid dynasty 928–1043 Buyid dynasty 934–1055 Sallarid dynasty 941–1062 Ghaznavid Empire 975–1187 Ghurid dynasty 1149–1212 Seljuq Empire 1037–1194 Khwarazmian dynasty 1077–1231 Ilkhanate 1256–353 Kartids dynasty 1231–389 Muzaffarid dynasty 1314–1393 Chupanid dynasty 1337–1357 Jalayerid dynasty 1339–1432 Timurid Empire 1370–1506 Qara Qoyunlu Turcomans 1407–1468 Aq Qoyunlu Turcomans 1378–1508 Safavid Empire 1501–1722 Mughal Empire 1526–1857 Hotaki dynasty 1722–1729 Afsharid dynasty 1736–1750 Zand Dynasty 1750–1794 Durrani Empire 1794–1826 Qajar Dynasty 1794–1925

The Ziyarids, also spelled Zeyarids (Persian: زیاریان or آل زیار‎) were a Dailamite dynasty that ruled in the Caspian sea provinces of Gorgan and Mazandaran from 931-1090 (also known as Tabarestan). The founder of the dynasty was Mardavij (from 927 to 935), who took advantage of a rebellion in the Samanid army of Iran to seize power in northern Iran. He soon expanded his domains and captured the cities of Hamadan, Isfahan, and half of the Kermanshah province, and by 934 his troops even penetrated into Ahvaz.

Perhaps among the more interesting things from this era is that we know that Abu Rayhan Biruni, the great scientist of the Middle Ages, was supported by Qabus, the ruler of the Ziyarid state, in 1000 in Gorgan. In fact he dedicated his work Chronology to Qabus around 1000 and observed eclipses of the moon from there.

Ziyarid Dynasty

Another feature is the tower Gonbad e Ghaboos built during this era. The tomb is one of the earliest architectural monuments with a dated inscription surviving in post-Islamic Iran. The tomb, built of fired brick, is an enormous cylinder capped by a conical roof. The circular plan, broken by 10 flanges, is 17 m in diameter, and the walls are 5.2 , thick. The height from base to tip is 49 m. Legend has it, that the body of Qabus was enclosed in a glass coffin which was suspended by chains from the interior dome inside the tower.

Family tree

Vardan

Ziyar

Mardavij 928-934

Vushmgir 934-967

Farhad

Behsutun 967-976

Qabus 976-1012

Manuchihr 1012-1031

Dara

Eskandar

Anushirvan 1031-1043

Keykavous

Gilanshah

Art and architecture

One of the most famous architectural works of Ziyarid is the Gonbad Kavous (literally Dome of Qabus).

Gonbad Kavous, built in 1006.

9-10th century beaker from Iran. Blown and relief-cut glass. New York Metropolitan Museum of Art.

See also

• Full list of Iranian Kingdoms
• List of Shi'a Muslims dynasties

External links

• Ziyarid architecture