38 Oxley Road

Edit links
Coordinates: 1°17′38″N 103°50′42″E / 1.29389°N 103.84500°E / 1.29389; 103.84500
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

1°17′38″N 103°50′42″E / 1.29389°N 103.84500°E / 1.29389; 103.84500

38 Oxley Road
The house in 2023
The house in 2023
Map
General information
StatusOccupied
LocationSingapore
Address38 Oxley Road, Singapore 238629
CountrySingapore
Current tenantsLee Wei Ling
Named for38 Oxley Road
Construction started1898; 126 years ago (1898)
OwnerManasseh Meyer (former)
Lee Kuan Yew (former)
AffiliationLee family
Technical details
Floor count2
Design and construction
DeveloperHermann Cornelius Verloop
Other information
Number of rooms8
ParkingYes

38 Oxley Road was the residence of the first prime minister of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew, from the 1940s until his death in 2015.[1] The house was built in the late 19th century and is an eight-bedroom two-storey bungalow located near Orchard Road. The first meeting of the People's Action Party (PAP) occurred in the basement.[1]

In 2017, it became central to a dispute in Singapore among Lee's children, Lee Hsien Loong, Lee Hsien Yang and Lee Wei Ling, over its use and demolition. Lee Kuan Yew had originally willed the house to Lee Hsien Loong, who later sold it to Lee Hsien Yang in 2015 at market price, on the condition that both of them would donate half of the value to charity.[2]

History[edit]

Built in 1898 and commissioned by Dutch merchant Hermann Cornelius Verloop,[3] the area in which the house was located was named after British doctor Thomas Oxley, who owned a nutmeg plantation on the location in the late 1840s. It was named Castor, and was one of a pair of identical houses. Its twin, Pollux, at 40 Oxley Road, has been demolished.[4] The area was acquired by a Jewish merchant named Manasseh Meyer. The house was vacated by its European owners during the Japanese occupation and taken over by Japanese civilians.[5]

Furniture from 38 Oxley Road, National Museum of Singapore
Furniture from 38 Oxley Road, National Museum of Singapore

Kuan Yew and his family moved into the residence after the war.[5] In 1950, Lee's wife Kwa Geok Choo moved into the house. The meetings of the PAP were regularly held in the basement in 1954.[6] The building continued to serve as the residence of Lee throughout his tenure as prime minister and his first born son, Lee Hsien Loong, was raised here.[6] Fortifications and a guardhouse were added to the house in 1965 after Singapore separated from the Federation of Malaysia.[7]

Maintenance of the house was understood to be minimal. The Lees had a contractor/housekeeper, Teow Seng Hua, to take care of minor repair works that were required.[8]

Dispute over the house[edit]

In an interview in 2011, Lee Kuan Yew expressed that he wanted his house demolished after his death or kept as a closed residence for his family and descendants. This view was also reinforced in his memoirs and writings. His first will was made that year in August 2011,[9] with the estate—including the Oxley House, Cluny House and other assets—divided equally to his three children.

In his seventh and final will made in December 2013, Lee Kuan Yew willed the house to his eldest son, Lee Hsien Loong, with a clause asking for its demolition after his daughter who was staying there moved out.[9]

The house was subject to a government deliberation of whether to conserve the house for historical reasons in 2011. Lee Kuan Yew had met with the Cabinet then and made known his preferred option to demolish the house. However, it was the Cabinet's opinion that the house should be preserved due to its historic significance.[10] In later discussions with the family, Lee Kuan Yew is quoted by his eldest son in a parliamentary debate as agreeing to preserve the building: "Demolish the private living spaces to preserve the privacy of the family, keep the basement dining room, which [is] of historical significance, strengthen the structure which [is] decaying, and create a new and separate living area, so that the house could be lived in".[10] Documents released by the Prime Minister's Office, Ho Ching, wife of Lee Hsien Loong, emailed the family in early 2012 with detailed plans about how the house would be renovated. Ho said that if there were objections to renting out the house after it was renovated, Hsien Loong's family could move in with Wei Ling.[11] Development application from Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) was granted in April that year. Lee Kuan Yew had also amended two subsequent versions of his will to remove a previous demolition clause.[11]

In September 2012, Lee Kuan Yew was under the impression that the Cabinet had decided on gazetting the house and wrote to his lawyer Kwa Kim Li: "Although it has been gazetted as a heritage house, it is still mine as owner... Cabinet has opposed tearing it down and rebuilding, because 2 PMs have lived in the house, me and Loong".[12] His lawyer checked and informed him it was not true that the house has been gazetted.

A final will was made in 2013, to reinstate an equal share among his children. The will is a reversion to the first will, with the demolition clause drafted by his daughter-in-law Lee Suet Fern. In documents shown by the siblings, Lee Kuan Yew initialed directly beneath the demolition clause and personally drafted an additional codicil to his will in January 2014, which they claim was witnessed by his secretary and bodyguard.[13] Lee Hsien Yang and Lee Wei Ling were also made the legal executors of the estate of Lee Kuan Yew.

After Lee Kuan Yew's death, the will was read in April 2015. Lee Kuan Yew's estate was divided equally among the three siblings, the Oxley house was inherited by his eldest son, with a clause for Lee Wei Ling to stay in it for as long as she desires. Lee Hsien Loong believed the final will was made without full knowledge of the elder Lee, but did not pursue the issue through legal channels.[14][15] Instead, he raised the issue to Deputy Prime Minister Teo Chee Hean about doubts on drafting of the last will on 23 April 2015. Probate on the will was granted in October 2015 without objections.[16][17]

Lee Hsien Loong then offered to sell the house to Lee Wei Ling for a nominal $1, with the condition that if the government were to acquire the property later, any future sale proceeds would go to charity. She rejected the offer. Subsequently, his brother Lee Hsien Yang took up an alternative offer by Lee Hsien Loong to purchase it at market valuation, conditional on both of them donating 50% each of the value to charity. Lee Hsien Loong sold the house to his brother under those terms and revealed later that he had donated 100% of his own proceeds to charity. However, according to Lee Wei Ling, Lee Hsien Loong was deceitful in his statements. As part of the agreement in 2015, Lee Hsien Loong was said to have endorsed the demolition clause in the final will and promised to recuse himself from all government decisions on the house.[13] The siblings questioned why a ministerial committee was set up in 2016 to discuss the issue, and why Lee Hsien Loong made the statutory declaration with the intent to influence the committee decision.[18][19] Lucien Wong, Hsien Loong's private attorney, represented him in the affairs as Hsien Loong and his siblings stopped talking to each other directly.

On 14 June 2017, Lee Hsien Loong's siblings made a public statement on Facebook, alleging that he had abused his office as prime minister to prevent the demolition and that he wished to move into the house to inherit the political capital of his father.[20] They also alleged that various organs of state such as the National Heritage Board (NHB), Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth (MCCY), Prime Minister's Office (PMO) and the ministerial committee have been involved in the private dispute.[21][22] They further claimed that he had used state authorities to harass them and that they intended to flee the country.[23][24][25] These claims were denied by Lee Hsien Loong who expressed disappointment at his family for publicising what he called a "family matter".[26][27] The Public Service Division under the Prime Minister's Office in charge of civil service confirmed on 27 June that it conducted polls with its officers to assess their views on the dispute, saying that the allegations "go beyond private matters and extend to the conduct and integrity of the Government and our public institutions".[28][29]

A special two-day parliamentary session was called by Lee Hsien Loong to explain his involvement in the saga, and ministers defended their positions in the feud.[30][31] While past politicians have always used litigation to counter any allegations of nepotism, Lee Hsien Loong claimed that he did not want to sue his siblings, leading some to question if the "government is arbitrary when it comes to dealing with serious criticism".[32][33] The younger siblings offered a truce, saying they would stop posting attacks on social media and work to resolve the matter privately with their eldest brother.[34][35] In a response to CNBC in October 2017, Lee Hsien Loong remarked that he is not sure that the family feud has been resolved, and that he had not communicated with his siblings.[36]

On 2 April 2018, Deputy Prime Minister Teo Chee Hean, chairman of the four-member ministerial committee, said that the panel did not make any recommendations as no decision is required at this point, since Lee Wei Ling is still living in the house. He added that the decision will be made by the future government. The panel offered three options—to gazette and preserve 38 Oxley Road as a national monument, to demolish all but the dining room (which was a meeting area for the founding members of the People's Action Party) and convert the dining area to a viewing gallery or integrate it to a research or heritage centre, or to demolish and redevelop 38 Oxley Road completely for residential or state uses.[37]

Reactions[edit]

Deputy Prime Minister Heng Swee Keat claimed that the debate in Parliament is an example of the government being transparent.[38] Tan Cheng Bock called out Heng's understanding of transparency as "deeply flawed", noting during his Progress Singapore Party's launch that the Oxley Road saga was not properly addressed, as not all sides privy to the issue, especially Hsien Yang, were present in Parliament to give their side of the story.[39]

In 2019, Hsien Loong sent a defamation letter to The Online Citizen's editor, Terry Xu on an article which repeated claims that he had tried to preserve the house contrary to his father's wishes, which was proven false.[30][31] It escalated to a libel lawsuit in which Xu was found guilty liable for S$210,000 in damages, which Lee donated to charity.[40]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Tan, Judith (27 March 2015). "Modest home rich memories". The New Paper. Singapore Press Holdings Ltd. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
  2. ^ "Deal made to sell house for S$1 to appease siblings". TODAYonline. April 2017.
  3. ^ hermes (3 April 2018). "Bungalow has a rich and colourful history". The Straits Times. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
  4. ^ Sim, Fann (2 April 2018). "38 Oxley Road a 'rare' Early Style bungalow, only 16 conserved in Singapore: NHB". Channel NewsAsia. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2019.
  5. ^ a b Lee, Kuan Yew (15 September 2012). The Singapore Story: Memoirs of Lee Kuan Yew. Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd. ISBN 978-981-4561-76-1.
  6. ^ a b Min, Chew Hui (21 January 2011). "Lee Kuan Yew on Oxley Road house: 'When I'm dead, demolish it' | The Straits Times". www.straitstimes.com. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  7. ^ Lee, Kuan Yew (15 September 2012). From Third World to First: The Singapore Story, 1965-2000. Marshall Cavendish. ISBN 978-981-4561-77-8.
  8. ^ "Remembering Lee Kuan Yew: Daughter Lee Wei Ling on Mr Lee as a father". The Straits Times. 24 March 2015.
  9. ^ a b Jaipragas, Bhavan (3 July 2017). "Lee family feud: key questions as Singapore PM faces grilling". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  10. ^ a b "Lee Kuan Yew accepted proposal to renovate 38 Oxley Road: PM Lee". Channel NewsAsia. 3 July 2017. Archived from the original on 14 September 2019. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  11. ^ a b Tham, Yuen-C (6 July 2017). "Oxley Road: PM Lee Hsien Loong waives legal immunity for speeches". The Straits Times. Singapore Press Holdings.
  12. ^ "Singapore PM Misled Lee Kuan Yew Over Family House". 4 July 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
  13. ^ a b "Documents from Lee Hsien Yang and Lee Wei Ling" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
  14. ^ "PM Lee Hsien Loong Details 'deeply troubling' way Lee Kuan Yew's Will was Made". Straits Times. 16 June 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
  15. ^ "'Grave concerns' about how Lee Kuan Yew's last will was prepared: PM Lee". Channel NewsAsia. Mediacorp. 15 June 2017. Archived from the original on 26 February 2020. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  16. ^ "Transcript: Summary of PM Lee's statutory declaration on Lee Kuan Yew's Oxley Road home". Channel News Asia. 16 June 2017. Archived from the original on 16 February 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
  17. ^ "Lee Kuan Yew's last will 'final and legally binding': Lee Hsien Yang". Channel NewsAsia. Mediacorp. Archived from the original on 9 January 2019. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  18. ^ "We've never asked Govt to let us demolish 38 Oxley Road house now: Lee Hsien Yang". Channel NewsAsia. Mediacorp. Archived from the original on 26 January 2019. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  19. ^ Cheong, Danson (28 June 2017). "Ministerial committee didn't share options it was considering for Oxley house: Lee Hsien Yang". The Straits Times. Singapore Press Holdings. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  20. ^ Rajagopal, Sidharrth B (16 June 2017). "The Lee Family Saga -- The Full Timeline of Events". Must Share News. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  21. ^ "NHB 'clerical error' sparks more allegations in Lee family dispute". TODAYonline. Mediacorp. 22 June 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  22. ^ "Lee Wei Ling raps Shanmugam for view on conflict of interest". Yahoo. 18 June 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  23. ^ Paddock, Richard (4 July 2017). "Dispute Over Singapore Founder's House Becomes a National Crisis". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
  24. ^ "Singaporean PM's family in public spat". BBC News. 14 June 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  25. ^ "Singapore's first family feud over 'big brother'". Financial Times. 13 June 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  26. ^ Wee, Eugene; Nadarajan, Ben (16 June 2017). "Points of contention over Oxley Road house". The New Paper. Singapore Press Holdings, Ltd. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
  27. ^ Lim, Weiyi (14 June 2017). "In Singapore, Prime Minister's Siblings Are Taking Private Feud Public". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  28. ^ "PSD polling public service officers on 38 Oxley Road dispute". Channel NewsAsia. 27 June 2017.
  29. ^ "PSD polling public officers on Oxley Road spat as allegations involve integrity of public sector". The Straits Times. 27 June 2017.
  30. ^ a b Au-Yong, Rachel (3 July 2017). "Oxley Road: Lawrence Wong addresses questions about deed of gift". The Straits Times. Singapore Press Holdings. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  31. ^ a b "Singapore PM says wants to avoid taking family feud to court". Reuters. 2 July 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
  32. ^ "Family feud has Singaporeans questioning their leadership- Nikkei Asian Review". Nikkei Asian Review. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  33. ^ "Singapore frets over worsening Lee family feud". Financial Times. 15 June 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  34. ^ "Singapore PM's siblings offer truce in family feud". South China Morning Post. 6 July 2017. Archived from the original on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  35. ^ Toh, Yong Chuan (6 July 2017). "Oxley Road: Lees' public feud takes conciliatory turn; Lee Hsien Yang and Wei Ling say they accept offer to settle dispute in private". The Straits Times. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  36. ^ Yen Nee Lee; Christine (19 October 2017). "Singapore prime minister on criticism from siblings: 'I'm not sure' if feud is solved". CNBC. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  37. ^ hermesauto (2 April 2018). "Ministerial panel lays out 3 options for 38, Oxley Road, says fate of Lee Kuan Yew's house is for future govt to decide". The Straits Times. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
  38. ^ Yuen-C, Tham (27 July 2019). "PAP takes governance seriously, DPM Heng Swee Keat says as he rebuts Tan Cheng Bock". The Straits Times. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  39. ^ "Tan Cheng Bock rebuts DPM Heng, cries as he speaks of political conviction". sg.news.yahoo.com.
  40. ^ "High Court awards PM Lee $210,000 in damages in defamation suits against TOC editor Terry Xu and article author". TheStraitsTimes. September 2021. Retrieved 1 September 2021.

External links[edit]

Media related to 38 Oxley Road at Wikimedia Commons

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=38_Oxley_Road&oldid=1193950985"