September 9

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September 9 is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 113 days remain until the end of the year.

Events

• 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age.
• 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Habsburg lands between the Habsburg Dukes Albert III and Leopold III.
• 1493 - Battle of Krbava field, a decisive defeat of Croats in Croatian struggle against the Ottoman Empire invasion.
• 1513 - James IV of Scotland is defeated and dies in the Battle of Flodden Field, ending Scotland's involvement in the War of the League of Cambrai.
• 1543 - Mary Stuart, at nine months old, is officially crowned "Queen of Scots" in the central Scottish town of Stirling.
• 1739 - Stono Rebellion, the largest slave uprising in Britains mainland North American colonies prior to the American Revolution, erupts near Charleston, South Carolina.
• 1776 - The Continental Congress officially names their new union of sovereign states the United States.
• 1839 - John Herschel takes the first glass plate photograph.
• 1850 - California is admitted as the thirty-first U.S. state.
• 1850 - The Compromise of 1850 strips Texas of a third of its claimed territory (now parts of Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Wyoming) in return for the U.S. federal government assuming $10 million of Texas's pre-annexation debt.
• 1863 - American Civil War: The Union Army enters Chattanooga, Tennessee.
• 1886 - The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works is finalized.
• 1914 - World War I: The creation of the Canadian Automobile Machine Gun Brigade, the first fully mechanized unit in the British Army.
• 1922 - Greek-Turkish war has ended with Turkish victory over the Greeks.
• 1923 - Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Republic of Turkey, founds the Republican People's Party (CHP).
• 1924 - Hanapepe Massacre occurs on Kauai, Hawaii.
• 1926 - The U.S. National Broadcasting Company formed.
• 1942 - World War II: A Japanese floatplane drops an incendiary bomb on Oregon.
• 1943 - World War II: The Allies land at Salerno and Taranto, Italy.
• 1944 - World War II: The Fatherland Front takes power in Bulgaria through a military coup in the capital and armed rebellion in the country. A new pro-Soviet government is established.
• 1945 - Second Sino-Japanese War: Japan formally surrenders to China.
• 1947 - First actual case of a computer bug being found: a moth lodges in a relay of a Harvard Mark II computer at Harvard University.
• 1948 - The Republic Day of Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
• 1956 - Elvis Presley appears on The Ed Sullivan Show for the first time.
• 1965 - The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development is established.
• 1965 - Hurricane Betsy makes its second landfall near New Orleans, Louisiana, leaving 76 dead and $1.42 billion ($10-12 billion in 2005 dollars) in damages, becoming the first hurricane to top $1 billion in unadjusted damages.
• 1966 - The National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act signed into law by U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson.
• 1969 - Allegheny Airlines Flight 853 DC-9 collided in flight with a Piper PA-28 and crashed near Fairland, Indiana.
• 1970 - A British airliner is hijacked by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) and flown to Dawson's Field in Jordan.
• 1971 - Attica Prison riots.
• 1991 - Tajikstan gains independence from the Soviet Union.
• 1993 - The Palestine Liberation Organization officially recognizes Israel as a legitimate state.
• 2001 - Ahmed Shah Massoud, leader of the Northern Alliance, is assassinated in Afghanistan.
• 2004 - 2004 Australian embassy bombing: A bomb explodes outside the Australian embassy in Jakarta, killing 10 people.
• 2007 - Wikipedia's 2,000,000th article in the English language version.
• 2007 - The Indy Pro Series race at Chicagoland Speedway records the closest finish in racing history, with Logan Gomez holding off his teammate Alex Lloyd by 0.0005 of a second, or 1.65 inches.

Births

• 214 - Aurelian, Roman Emperor (d. 275)
• 384 - Flavius Honorius, Roman Emperor (d. 423)
• 1349 - Duke Albert III of Austria (d. 1395)
• 1427 - Thomas de Ros, 10th Baron de Ros, English politician (d. 1464)
• 1466 - Ashikaga Yoshitane, Japanese shogun (d. 1523)
• 1558 - Philippe Emmanuel, Duke of Mercoeur, French soldier (d. 1602)
• 1585 - Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu, French statesman (d. 1642)
• 1629 - Cornelis Tromp, Dutch admiral (d. 1691)
• 1700 - Princess Anna Sophie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (d. 1780)
• 1711 - Thomas Hutchinson, American colonial governor of Massachusetts (d. 1780)
• 1731 - Francisco Javier Clavijero, Mexican writer (d. 1787)
• 1737 - Luigi Galvani, Italian physician and physicist (d. 1798)
• 1754 - William Bligh, British naval officer (d. 1817)
• 1755 - Benjamin Bourne, American politician (d. 1808)
• 1828 - Leo Tolstoy, Russian novelist (d. 1910)
• 1834 - Joseph Henry Shorthouse, English novelist (d. 1903)
• 1853 - Fred Spofforth, Australian cricketer (d. 1926)
• 1855 - Anthony Francis Lucas Croatian-born oil exploration pioneer (d. 1921)
• 1868 - Mary Hunter Austin, American writer (d. 1934)
• 1873 - Max Reinhardt, German film director and actor (d. 1943)
• 1877 - Frank Chance, American baseball player (d. 1924)
• 1878 - Adelaide Crapsey, American poet (d. 1914)
• 1887 - Alf Landon, American politician (d. 1987)
• 1882 - Clem McCarthy, American sportscaster (d. 1962)
• 1890 - Harland Sanders, American fast-food entrepreneur (d. 1980)
• 1892 - Tsuru Aoki, Japanese-born American actress (d. 1961)
• 1894 - Arthur Freed, American songwriter and film producer (d. 1973)
• 1894 - Bert Oldfield, Australian cricketer (d. 1976)
• 1898 - Frankie Frisch, American baseball player (d. 1973)
• 1899 - Waite Hoyt, American baseball player (d. 1984)
• 1899 - Neil Hamilton, American actor (d. 1984)
• 1900 - James Hilton, English novelist (d. 1954)
• 1899 - Bruno E. Jacob, Founder of the National Forensics League (d. 1979)
• 1903 - Phyllis Whitney, American writer
• 1904 - Feroze Khan, Pakistani field hockey player (d. 2005)
• 1905 - Hussain Sha - Indian Saint, Philosopher ,Pithapuram
• 1908 - Cesare Pavese, Italian poet and novelist (d. 1950)
• 1911 - John Gorton, Australian politician (d. 2002)
• 1911 - Paul Goodman, American poet and writer (d. 1972)
• 1919 - Jimmy "the Greek" Snyder, American bookmaker and sports commentator (d. 1996)
• 1919 - Gottfried Dienst, German football referee
• 1920 - Aldo Parisot, American cellist and teacher
• 1920 - Robert Wood Johnson III, American philanthropist (d. 1970)
• 1920 - Feng Kang, Chinese mathematician (d. 1993)
• 1922 - Hans Georg Dehmelt, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1922 - Manolis Glezos, Greek politician and writer
• 1922 - Hoyt Curtin, American songwriter (d. 2000)
• 1923 - Daniel Carleton Gajdusek, American virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• 1924 - Jane Greer, American actress (d. 2001)
• 1924 - Rik Van Steenbergen, Belgian cyclist (d. 2003)
• 1925 - Cliff Robertson, American actor
• 1926 - Yusuf al-Qaradawi, prominent Egypt Muslim cleric
• 1927 - Elvin Jones, American jazz drummer (d. 2004)
• 1929 - Claude Nougaro, French singer (d. 2004)
• 1930 - Frank Lucas, Drug Lord
• 1932 - Sylvia Miles, American actress
• 1935 - Chaim Topol, Israeli actor
• 1935 - Gopal Baratham, Singaporean author
• 1939 - Bruce Gray, Puerto Rican actor
• 1939 - Ron McDole, American football player
• 1939 - Carlos Ortiz, Puerto Rican boxer
• 1941 - Otis Redding, American singer and songwriter (d. 1967)
• 1941 - Dennis Ritchie, American computer scientist
• 1942 - Inez Foxx, American R&B singer
• 1943 - Art LaFleur, American actor
• 1945 - Dee Dee Sharp, American R&B singer
• 1946 - Bruce Palmer, Canadian musician (Buffalo Springfield) (d. 2004)
• 1946 - Doug Ingle, Vocalist
• 1947 - David Rosenboom, American composer
• 1949 - Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Indonesian politician
• 1949 - Garry Maddox, American baseball player
• 1949 - Joe Theismann, American football player and commentator
• 1951 - Alexander Downer, Australian politician
• 1951 - Tom Wopat, American actor and singer
• 1952 - Angela Cartwright, actress
• 1952 - Manuel Göttsching, German musician (Ash Ra Tempel)
• 1952 - David A. Stewart, English musician (Eurythmics)
• 1954 - Jeffrey Combs, American actor
• 1955 - John Kricfalusi, Canadian animator
• 1957 - Pierre-Laurent Aimard, French pianist
• 1957 - Gabriele Tredozi, Italian engineer
• 1959 - Eric Serra, French composer
• 1960 - Hugh Grant, English actor
• 1960 - Mario Batali, American chef and restaurateur
• 1960 - Bob Stoops, American football coach
• 1965 - Dan Majerle, American basketball player
• 1966 - Georg Hackl, German luger
• 1966 - Adam Sandler, American actor and comedian
• 1967 - Akshay Kumar, Indian Actor
• 1967 - Anna Malle, American porn star (d. 2006)
• 1967 - Chris Caffery, American guitarist and singer
• 1968 - Francois Botha, South African boxer
• 1968 - Jon Drummond, American former sprinter
• 1968 - Julia Sawalha, English actress
• 1969 - Rachel Hunter, New Zealand model and actress
• 1969 - Constance Marie, American actress
• 1970 - Natalia Streignard, Venezuelan actress
• 1971 - Henry Thomas, American actor and musician
• 1972 - James Farmer, American educator and artist
• 1972 - Mike Hampton, American baseball player
• 1972 - Natasha Kaplinsky, British newsreader
• 1972 - Félix Rodríguez, Dominican baseball player
• 1972 - Goran Višnjić, Croatian actor
• 1973 - Kazuhisa Ishii, Japanese baseball player
• 1974 - Shane Crawford, Australian rules footballer
• 1974 - Mathias Färm, Swedish guitarist (Millencolin)
• 1974 - Vikram Batra, Officer of the Indian Army
• 1974 - Ana Carolina, Brazilian singer, composer and musician
• 1975 - Michael Bublé, Canadian singer and actor
• 1976 - Emma de Caunes, French film actress
• 1976 - Chace Ambrose, American actor and writer
• 1976 - Kristoffer Rygg, Norwegian musician (Ulver, ex-Borknagar)
• 1976 - Juan A. Baptista, Venezuelan actor
• 1976 - Aki Riihilahti, Finnish footballer
• 1977 - Chae Jung-an, South Korean actress and singer
• 1977 - Soulja Slim, American rapper (d. 2003)
• 1977 - Kyle Snyder, Major League Baseball pitcher
• 1978 - Kurt Ainsworth, Major League Baseball pitcher
• 1978 - Shane Battier, American basketball player
• 1978 - Mariano Puerta, Argentine tennis player
• 1979 - Nikki DeLoach, American actress and singer
• 1980 - Todd Coffey, American baseball player
• 1980 - Michelle Williams, American actress
• 1981 - Julie Gonzalo, Argentinian actress
• 1982 - Ai Otsuka, Japanese singer and songwriter
• 1983 - Kyle Davies, American baseball player
• 1983 - Edwin Jackson, Major League Baseball pitcher
• 1983 - Sam Hollenbach, National Football League quarterback
• 1983 - Cleveland Taylor, International footballer
• 1985 - J.R. Smith, American basketball player
• 1985 - Luka Modrić, Croatian footballer
• 1986 - Justice Chibhabha, Zimbabwean cricketer
• 1987 - Alexandre Song, Cameroonian footballer
• 1990 - Melody Klaver, Dutch actress
• 1993 - Katie Haller, American legacy
• 2000 - Victoria Federica de Marichalar y de Borbón, granddaughter of king Juan Carlos I of Spain

Deaths

• c.546 - St. Ciarán of Clonmacnoise, Irish bishop
• 701 - Pope Sergius I
• 1000 - Olaf I of Norway
• 1087 - King William I of England
• 1398 - King James I of Cyprus (b. 1334)
• 1487 - Chenghua, Emperor of China (b. 1447)
• 1488 - Francis II, Duke of Brittany (fell from a horse) (b. 1433)
• 1513 - King James IV of Scotland (b. 1473)
• 1569 - Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Flemish painter
• 1596 - Anna Jagiellon, Polish Queen
• 1612 - Nakagawa Hidenari, Japanese warlord (b. 1570)
• 1676 - Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve, French army officer and founder of Montreal (b. 1612)
• 1680 - Henry Marten, English regicide (b. 1602)
• 1755 - Johann Lorenz von Mosheim, German historian (b. 1694)
• 1806 - William Paterson, Signer of the U.S. Constitution, Governor of New Jersey (b. 1745)
• 1815 - John Singleton Copley, American painter (b. 1738)
• 1841 - A. P. de Candolle, Swiss botanist (b. 1778)
• 1891 - Jules Grévy, President of France (b. 1813)
• 1898 - Stéphane Mallarmé, French poet (b. 1842)
• 1901 - Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, French painter (b. 1864)
• 1907 - Ernest Roland Wilberforce, English bishop (b. 1840)
• 1909 - Edward Henry Harriman, American railroad entrepreneur (b. 1848)
• 1915 - Albert Spalding, American baseball player and sporting goods manufacturer (b. 1850)
• 1941 - Hans Spemann, German embryologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1869)
• 1960 - Jussi Björling, Swedish tenor (b. 1911)
• 1969 - Willy Mairesse, Belgian racing driver (b. 1928)
• 1976 - Mao Zedong, Founder and first leader of the People's Republic of China (b. 1893)
• 1978 - Hugh MacDiarmid, Scottish poet (b. 1892)
• 1978 - Jack Warner, Canadian-born film studio founder (b. 1892)
• 1980 - John Howard Griffin, American writer (b. 1920)
• 1981 - Jacques Lacan, French psychoanalyst (b. 1901)
• 1985 - Paul Flory, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1910)
• 1990 - Doc Cramer, American baseball player (b. 1905)
• 1990 - Samuel Doe, President of Liberia (b. 1951)
• 1994 - Patrick O'Neal, American actor (b. 1927)
• 1996 - Bill Monroe, American bluegrass singer and composer (b. 1911)
• 1997 - Richie Ashburn, American baseball player (b. 1927)
• 1997 - Burgess Meredith, American actor (b. 1907)
• 1998 - Bill Cratty, American modern dancer and choreographer (b. 1951)
• 1999 - Jim "Catfish" Hunter, American baseball player (b. 1946)
• 1999 - Ruth Roman, American actress (b. 1922)
• 2000 - Julian Critchley, British politician (b. 1930)
• 2001 - Ahmed Shah Massoud, Afghani military leader (b. 1953)
• 2003 - Larry Hovis, American actor (b. 1936)
• 2003 - Edward Teller, Hungarian-born physicist (b. 1908)
• 2004 - Roland Sherwood "Ernie" Ball, American businessman (b. 1930)
• 2005 - John Wayne Glover, English serial killer (b. 1932)
• 2006 - Gérard Brach, French screenwriter (b. 1927)
• 2006 - Richard Burmer, American composer, sound designer and electronic musician (b. 1955)
• 2006 - Matt Gadsby, English footballer (b. 1979)
• 2006 - William B. Ziff, Jr., American publishing executive (b. 1930)
• 2007 - Hughie Thomasson, Noted American musician (b. 1952)

Holidays and observances

• Japan - Chrysanthemum Day (Kiku no Sekku).
• North Korea - Republic Day (1948).
• Tajikistan - Independence Day (from USSR, 1991).
• California - Admission Day (to commemorate the state's admission to the USA).
• Saint Ciarán of Clonmacnoise
• Eastern Orthodoxy - Synaxis of the Theopatores Joachim and Anna.

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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