內

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See also: 内
內 U+5167, 內
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5167
← 兦
[U+5166] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 全 →
[U+5168]

內 U+2F814, 內
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F814
← 㒹
[U+2F813] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 再 →
[U+2F815]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
4 strokes

Han character[edit]

內 (Kangxi radical 11, 入+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人月 (OB), four-corner 40227, composition ⿻冂入)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 125, character 35
  • Dae Jaweon: page 267, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 97, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5167

Chinese[edit]

trad. 內
simp. 内

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 內
Oracle bone script

j13126

j13127

j13128

j13129

j13130

j13131

j13132

j13133

j13134

j13135

j13136

j13137

j13138

j13139

j13140

j13141

Bronze inscriptions

b08077

b08078

b08079

b08080

b08081

b08082

b08083

b08084

b08085

b08086

b08087

b08088

b08089

b08090

b08091

b08092

b08093

b08094

b08095

b08096

b08097

b08098

b08099

b08100

b08101

b08102

b08103

b08104

b08105

b08106

b08107

b08108

b08109

b08110

b08111

b08112

Small seal script

s03778

Transcribed ancient scripts

L36369

L36370

L21837

L21838

L21839

L21840

L21841

L21842

L21843

L21844

L21845

L21846

L21833

L21834

L21835

L21836

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (內) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
妠 *nuːms, *nuːb, *rnoːd
內 *nuːbs
笍 *tnobs, *njobs
芮 *njobs
枘 *njobs
汭 *njobs
鈉 *njobs
蜹 *njobs, *lobs, *njod
抐 *nuːns, *nuːd
納 *nuːb
衲 *nuːb
魶 *nuːb, *noːb
軜 *nuːb
蒳 *nuːb
豽 *rnuːd
肭 *rnuːd, *nuːd, *nuɡ
吶 *nod
焫 *njod
訥 *nuːd

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 冂 (“city outskirts”) + 入 (“to enter”) – entering the city through its outskirts - inside, within.

Etymology[edit]

Related to 入 (OC *njub, “to enter”); see there for more.

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • lāi/lǎi - vernacular (etymologically 裡);
  • lōe - literary.
Note: lai6 - etymologically 裡.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: lai6 / nui7
      • Sinological IPA: /lai³³/, /nui⁵⁵/
Note:
  • lai6 - vernacular (etymologically 裡);
  • nui7 - literary.
Note:
  • lei5 - vernacular;
  • lei4- literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 內
    Mandarin Beijing /nei⁵¹/
    Harbin /nei⁵³/
    Tianjin /nei⁵³/
    Jinan /nei²¹/
    Qingdao /ne⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /nei³¹²/
    Xi'an /luei⁴⁴/
    Xining /nuɨ²¹³/
    Yinchuan /nuei¹³/
    Lanzhou /luei¹³/
    Ürümqi /nei²¹³/
    Wuhan /nei³⁵/
    Chengdu /nuei¹³/
    Guiyang /nuei²¹³/
    Kunming /nuei²¹²/
    Nanjing /luəi⁴⁴/
    Hefei /le⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /nai⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /næ³⁵/
    Hohhot /nɛ⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /ne²³/
    Suzhou /ne̞³¹/
    Hangzhou /nei¹³/
    Wenzhou /nai²²/
    Hui Shexian /nɛ²²/
    Tunxi /lə¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /lei⁵⁵/
    /lei¹¹/
    Xiangtan /nəi²¹/
    Gan Nanchang /lui²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /nui⁵³/
    Taoyuan /mui⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /nɔi²²/
    Nanning /nui²²/
    Hong Kong /nɔi²²/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lue²²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /nuɔi²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /no⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /lai³⁵/ 訓讀
    Haikou (Hainanese) /nui³³/
    /lai³³/ 訓裡
    Rime
    Character 內
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 泥 (8)
    Final (韻) 灰 (42)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 奴對切
    Baxter nwojH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/nuʌiH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/nuoiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/nuɒiH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/nwəjH/
    Li
    Rong         		/nuᴀiH/
    Wang
    Li         		/nuɒiH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/nuɑ̆iH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		nèi
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		neoi6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 內
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		nèi
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ nwojH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*nˁ[u]p-s/
    English inside

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 內
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 9381
    Phonetic
    component         		內
    Rime
    group         		內
    Rime
    subdivision         		3
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		内
    Old
    Chinese         		/*nuːbs/

    Definitions[edit]

    內

    1. inside; interior; internal; inner
      Antonym: 外 (wài)
      室內／室内  ―  shìnèi  ―  indoors
      內傷／内伤  ―  nèishāng  ―  internal injury
      內戰／内战  ―  nèizhàn  ―  civil war
      未來幾天內／未来几天内  ―  wèilái jǐtiān nèi  ―  within the next few days
    2. (obsolete) room; inner room
    3. (literary) court; imperial palace
    4. woman; wife
      內兄／内兄  ―  nèixiōng  ―  wife's elder brother
    5. heart; mind; self
      內疚／内疚  ―  nèijiù  ―  conscience-stricken
    6. (traditional Chinese medicine) internal organs
    7. (Buddhism) within Buddhism
      內典／内典  ―  nèidiǎn  ―  Buddhist scripture
      內學／内学  ―  nèixué  ―  Buddhism
    8. 65th tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝍆)
    9. (Teochew) family
    10. (Teochew) home
      伊無在內。／伊无在内。 [Teochew]  ―  i1 bho5 do6 lai6. [Peng'im]  ―  He/she is not home.
    11. (Internet slang) Alternative form of 那
      有內味了。／有内味了。  ―  Yǒunèiwèile.  ―  That's the taste.
    12. (Philippine Hokkien) Classifier for servings / helpings of food.
      一內菜，兩內物配，三內點心 [Philippine Hokkien, trad.]
      一内菜，两内物配，三内点心 [Philippine Hokkien, simp.]
      chi̍t lǎi chhài, nňg lǎi mn̍gh-phè, saⁿ lǎi tiám-sim [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
      one serving of a dish, two servings of side toppings, three servings of snacks
    Synonyms[edit]
    Dialectal synonyms of 裡邊 (“inside”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 裡面, 裡邊
    Mandarin Beijing 裡頭, 裡邊兒
    Taiwan 裡面, 裡邊, 裡頭
    Harbin 裡面兒, 裡面
    Shenyang 裡頭
    Yantai (Muping) 裡邊兒, 裡面兒, 裡頭
    Jinan 裡頭, 裡邊兒, 裡面兒, 裡面
    Luoyang 裡頭, 裡邊兒, 裡面兒
    Wanrong 裡頭
    Xi'an 裡頭
    Yinchuan 裡頭
    Lanzhou 裡面個, 裡頭
    Xining 裡頭, 裡面
    Ürümqi 裡頭, 裡面
    Wuhan 裡頭, 裡邊, 肚裡
    Chengdu 後頭, 裡頭, 裡面
    Guiyang 裡頭, 裡邊, 裡面
    Kunming 裡首
    Liuzhou 裡頭, 裡面
    Xuzhou 裡邊兒, 裡邊, 裡頭兒, 裡頭, 裡面
    Yangzhou 裡頭, 裡口, 裡身
    Nanjing 裡頭
    Hefei 裡頭
    Nantong 裡頭
    Malaysia 裡面
    Singapore 裡面
    Mae Salong (Lancang) 裡面
    Mae Sai (Tengchong) 裡面, 裡頭
    Cantonese Guangzhou 裡便, 入便, 裡頭, 裡底, 裡面, 入面
    Hong Kong 裡便, 入便, 裡頭, 裡面, 入面
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 入邊, 入解
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 入面, 入便
    Taishan 入便, 入面, 耳後
    Dongguan 入內, 內頭, 內便
    Yangjiang 裡頭
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 入便, 裡便, 入面
    Singapore (Guangfu) 入便
    Yangon (Taishan) 裡頭
    Mandalay (Taishan) 裡面
    Gan Nanchang 裡頭, 肚裡
    Lichuan 裡家, 內裡
    Pingxiang 內裡
    Hakka Meixian 裡背, 肚仔, 肚裡背
    Xingning 裡背
    Huidong (Daling) 裡背
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 裡背
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 裡背
    Changting 裡背
    Wuping 裡背
    Wuping (Pingyu) 裡背
    Liancheng 裡背
    Ninghua 裡邊
    Ruijin 內裡
    Shicheng 裡交, 裡向
    Shangyou (Shexi) 裡囊
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 裡背, 裡肚, 內肚
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 裡背, 裡肚仔, 裡肚, 內肚
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 裡背, 裡肚, 內肚
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 裡背, 裡肚, 內肚
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 裡背, 裡肚, 內肚
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 內底
    Hong Kong 裡背
    Kuching (Hepo) 裡肚
    Huizhou Jixi 裡頭, 裡首
    Jin Taiyuan 裡頭, 裡面, 黑裡
    Xinzhou 後兒, 裡頭
    Northern Min Jian'ou 裡邊
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 裡勢, 裡邊
    Fuqing 裡勢
    Matsu 裡勢
    Southern Min Xiamen 內面, 內底, 內頭, 內兜, 內角
    Quanzhou 內面, 內底, 內頭, 內壁, 內溝, 內角
    Jinjiang 內兜
    Shishi 內面
    Zhangzhou 內面, 內底, 內頭, 內角
    Zhao'an 內底
    Taipei 內底, 內面
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 內底
    Kaohsiung 內底, 內面
    Yilan 內底, 內面
    Changhua (Lukang) 內底
    Taichung 內底, 內面
    Taichung (Wuqi) 內面
    Tainan 內底, 內面
    Taitung 內底
    Hsinchu 內底, 內面
    Kinmen 內底
    Penghu (Magong) 內底, 內面
    Penang (Hokkien) 內面
    Singapore (Hokkien) 內爿, 內底, 內交, 內面
    Manila (Hokkien) 內面, 內兜, 內爿
    Chaozhou 底爿, 內爿
    Shantou 底爿, 內爿, 內底
    Shantou (Chaoyang) 內底
    Jieyang 底爿, 內爿, 內底, 內面
    Bangkok (Teochew) 內底
    Singapore (Teochew) 內爿, 內底
    Wenchang 內
    Haikou 內面, 內
    Singapore (Hainanese) 內
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 入頭
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 裡頭
    Wu Shanghai 裡頭, 裡向, 裡向頭, 裡首 dated
    Shanghai (Chongming) 裡面, 裡向
    Suzhou 裡向, 裡面
    Danyang 肚裡
    Hangzhou 裡頭, 裡向
    Ningbo 裡向, 裡頭
    Wenzhou 底面, 底轉
    Jinhua 裡面, 裡頭
    Xiang Changsha 裡頭, 裡面, 肚裡
    Loudi 肚裡, 底裡, 裡頭
    Shuangfeng 底頭, 肚裡
    Dialectal synonyms of 家 (“home”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 家
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 家
    Mandarin Beijing 家
    Taiwan 家
    Tianjin 家
    Jinan 家
    Xi'an 家, 屋
    Wuhan 屋裡, 家
    Chengdu 屋頭, 家
    Guilin 家
    Yangzhou 家, 家頭
    Hefei 家
    Malaysia 家
    Singapore 家
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 家
    Cantonese Guangzhou 屋企
    Hong Kong 屋企
    Macau 屋企
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 屋企
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 屋企
    Taishan 屋企, 企
    Kaiping (Chikan) 屋企, 企
    Dongguan 屋企
    Yunfu 屋己
    Yangjiang 屋己, 屋
    Maoming (Xinpo) 屋己
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 屋企
    Singapore (Guangfu) 屋企
    Gan Nanchang 屋裡
    Hakka Meixian 屋下
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 屋
    Huiyang 屋下
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 屋下
    Boluo (Bendihua) 屋
    Heyuan (Bendihua) 屋下
    Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 屋下
    Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 屋下
    Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 屋下
    Wengyuan 屋下
    Liannan 屋下
    Jiexi 屋家
    Luhe 屋下
    Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 屋下
    Changting 屋下
    Wuping (Yanqian) 屋下
    Liancheng 屋下
    Ninghua 屋下
    Ningdu 屋下
    Tonggu (Sandu) 屋下
    Ganzhou (Panlong) 屋下
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 屋下
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 屋下
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 屋下
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 屋下
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 屋下
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 屋下
    Hong Kong 屋下
    Yangxi (Tangkou) 屋下
    Yangchun (Sanjia) 屋下
    Xinyi (Sihe) 屋下
    Xinyi (Qianpai) 屋下
    Gaozhou (Xindong) 屋下
    Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 屋下
    Huazhou (Xin'an) 屋下
    Lianjiang (Shijiao) 屋下
    Lianjiang (Qingping) 屋下
    Mengshan (Xihe) 屋下
    Luchuan 屋下
    Senai (Huiyang) 屋下
    Singapore (Dabu) 屋下
    Jin Taiyuan 家
    Northern Min Jian'ou 厝
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 厝
    Singapore (Fuqing) 厝
    Southern Min Xiamen 厝, 兜
    Quanzhou 厝, 兜
    Jinjiang 厝
    Zhangzhou 厝, 兜
    Zhao'an 厝
    Taipei 兜
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 兜
    Kaohsiung 兜
    Yilan 厝, 兜
    Changhua (Lukang) 兜, 塊
    Taichung 兜
    Tainan 厝, 兜
    Hsinchu 兜
    Kinmen 塊, 兜
    Penghu (Magong) 塊, 兜
    Penang (Hokkien) 厝
    Singapore (Hokkien) 厝, 兜
    Manila (Hokkien) 厝, 厝內, 兜
    Chaozhou 內
    Shantou 內
    Shantou (Chaoyang) 內
    Jieyang 內
    Haifeng 厝
    Bangkok (Teochew) 厝, 內
    Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) 內
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 厝
    Singapore (Teochew) 內
    Wenchang 厝
    Qionghai 厝
    Singapore (Hainanese) 厝
    Shehua Fu'an 寮
    Fuding 寮
    Luoyuan 寮
    Sanming 寮
    Shunchang 寮
    Hua'an 寮
    Guixi (Zhangping) 寮
    Cangnan 寮
    Jingning 寮
    Lishui 寮
    Longyou 寮
    Chaozhou 寮
    Fengshun 寮
    Wu Shanghai 屋裡
    Suzhou 屋裡
    Ningbo 屋落, 屋裡
    Wenzhou 屋裡
    Xiang Changsha 屋裡
    Shuangfeng 屋裡

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (內):
    • → Japanese: 内(ない) (nai)
    • → Korean: 내(內) (nae)
    • → Vietnamese: nội (內)

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 內
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		nà
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ nop ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*nˁ[u]p/
    English bring or send in

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

    Definitions[edit]

    內

    1. † to enter
    2. † Original form of 納／纳 (nà, “to pay”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai

    		内

    Kyūjitai

    		內

    Kanji[edit]

    內

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 内)

    1. Kyūjitai form of 内

    Readings[edit]

    Usage notes[edit]

    This character is usually not used in Japanese and lacks JIS support. The variant 内 (U+5185) is used instead.

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 內 (MC nwojH).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 뇡〮 (Yale: nwóy)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 안〮 (Yale: án) ᄂᆡ〯 (Yale: nǒy)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [nɛ(ː)] ~ [ne̞(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [내(ː)/네(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja[edit]

    內 (eumhun 안 내 (an nae))

    1. Hanja form? of 내 (“inside; within”). [dependent noun; prefix]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    內: Hán Nôm readings: nội

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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