Sagara Sōzō

In this Japanese name, the surname is Sagara.

Sagara Sozo
Native name	相楽 総三
Birth name	Kojima Shirō (小島 四郎)
Born	1839 (1839) Akasaka, Edo, Japan
Died	March 26, 1868(1868-03-26) (aged 28–29) Shimosuwa, Nagano Prefecture, Japan
Buried	Aoyama Cemetery, Akasaka, Tokyo, Japan
Allegiance	Government of Meiji Japan
Service/branch	Sekihōtai
Years of service	1868
Commands held	Sekihōtai 1st Unit
Memorials	Monument to the memory of Sagara Sōzō Sagara-zuka Monument, Shimosuwa, Nagano Prefecture, Japan
Spouse(s)	Watanabe Teru ​ (m. 1864⁠–⁠1868)​
Children	Kimura Kawajirō (son)
Relations	Kojima Hyoma (father) Kojima Yasu (mother)

Sagara Sōzō (相楽 総三, 1839 - March 26, 1868), real name Kojima Shirō (小島 四郎), was the leader of the 1st Unit of the Sekihōtai, a group of Japanese political extremists formed in 1868 during the Boshin War.

History

Sagara's family, taken five or six years after his death; from left: his sister, his niece, his son, and his father

He was born Kojima Shirō in Akasaka, Edo in 1839 as the fourth son to the wealthy father Kojima Hyoma and his wife Yasu.

He married Watanabe Teru, the daughter of the retainer of the Matsudaira clan in 1864 (Genji 1). Their son, Kawajirō, was born in 1865 (Genji 2) whom he was happy with and thought his newly born son was a gift of the divinity of Hikawa Shrine.

After the Battle of Toba–Fushimi in 1868, the Sekihōtai, in which Sagara was the leader of the 1st Unit, constituted of a civilian squad made principally of farmers and merchants, was formed on February 1, 1868, at Kongōrin-ji temple in Matsuoji, Ōmi Province with the support of Saigō Takamori and Iwakura Tomomi. The group promised a reduction in taxes to the people who supported it, a move which was initially backed by the new government. The new government would later find that they were unable to fulfill the promise due to financial reasons.

When Sagara was asked to return to his headquarters by the Satchōdo command, Sagara decided not to because he believed it would be too soon. This, along with a number with previous unsanctioned actions, led to the Satchōdo forces turning on his unit. Moreover, the new government, needing a scapegoat for their inability to fulfill the tax reduction promise, declared Sekihōtai to be a fake army misusing the government's name for their campaign. Sagara, along with seven more officers, were arrested on March 24, 1868, by a force under the staff officer Shindō Tatewaki. Sagara had to watch his officers being executed by decapitation one by one before he himself was decapitated at Shimosuwa Station, Nagano Prefecture on March 26, 1868. Their heads were put for display the next morning.

His wife Teru, upon hearing the news, entrusted her son Kawajirō to Sagara's elder sister (married into Kimura family), and committed suicide soon afterwards. Sagara and his wife were buried on a temple ground in Akasaka. While on display, Sagara's head was later stolen by his close friend and a kokugaku scholar Iida Takesato and was secretly buried.

After their original burial ground at the temple was no longer being kept up, their graves were reburied at Aoyama Cemetery, Akasaka, Tokyo, Japan by the Kimura family.

Legacy

The Sagara-zuka monument, 2017

Monument

The Monument to the Memory of Sagara Sōzō or the Sagara-zuka monument was unveiled by Ochiai Naoaki in 1870.

Sagara Festival

In 1918, Sagara's grandson Kametarō Kimura (木村 亀太郎, Kimura Kametarō) received cooperation from volunteers in Shimosuwa and revived the memorial festival for Sagara and his unit.

Enshrinement

In 1928, Kimura had since restored his honor and Sagara was enshrined in Yasukuni Shrine, Tokyo by 1929.

In popular culture

Sagara is portrayed in the manga and anime series Rurouni Kenshin, where he is the mentor of Sagara Sanosuke, a fictional character.

The character DJ Sagara of Kamen Rider Gaim is named for Sagara Sōzō.