Nigel Reo-Coker

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Nigel Reo-Coker
Reo-Coker in 2008
Personal information
Full name Nigel Shola Andre Reo-Coker[1]
Date of birth (1984-05-14) 14 May 1984 (age 39)[1]
Place of birth Southwark, England
Height 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m)[1]
Position(s) Midfielder
Youth career
1997–2002 Wimbledon
Senior career*
Years Team Apps (Gls)
2002–2004 Wimbledon 58 (6)
2004–2007 West Ham United 120 (11)
2007–2011 Aston Villa 102 (1)
2011–2012 Bolton Wanderers 37 (3)
2012–2013 Ipswich Town 10 (0)
2013–2014 Vancouver Whitecaps FC 44 (1)
2014 Chivas USA 9 (0)
2015–2016 Montreal Impact 31 (0)
2017 Start 2 (0)
2018 Milton Keynes Dons 0 (0)
Total 413 (22)
International career
2005 England U20 3 (0)
2003–2007 England U21 23 (1)
Medal record
 England
UEFA European U-21 Championship
Bronze medal – third place 2007 Netherlands
*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 14:57, 28 June 2018 (UTC)

Nigel Shola Andre Reo-Coker (born 14 May 1984) is an English former professional footballer who played as a midfielder, as well as a football commentator and pundit for CBS Sports.[2]

Reo-Coker came through the youth team ranks at Wimbledon, and has previously played for West Ham United, Aston Villa, Bolton Wanderers, Ipswich Town, Vancouver Whitecaps FC, Chivas USA, Montreal Impact, Start and Milton Keynes Dons.

Early life[edit]

Reo-Coker was born at Guy's Hospital in Southwark, London, but lived in Sierra Leone for the first six years of his life, after his parents moved there to work, with his sisters Natalie and Vanessa.[3] His father, Ransford, was a general practitioner and his mother Agnes was a nurse, and after the two separated in 1990, Agnes returned to south London with her children.[3] Reo-Coker attended Riddlesdown High School in Purley, London.[4]

Club career[edit]

Wimbledon[edit]

Reo-Coker was spotted by London club Wimbledon at the age of twelve after representing the borough of Croydon.[5] He came through the ranks at Wimbledon and became captain after progressing to the first team.[6] He also made his debut for the England Under-21s while at Wimbledon.[7] In March 2003, Portsmouth manager Harry Redknapp agreed a deal to bring Reo-Coker to the south coast club in preparation for their first Premiership season.[8] Financial problems resulted in the player remaining at Wimbledon despite having already signed contracts with Portsmouth.[9] Reo-Coker made 64 appearances for Wimbledon in all competitions, scoring six goals.[10]

West Ham United[edit]

Reo-Coker playing for West Ham United in 2006

After an impressive first half of the 2003–04 season, he signed for West Ham in January 2004.[11] After the move, Reo-Coker stated that he joined West Ham United, believing the club can bounce back to the Premier League.[12] He made his West Ham debut on 31 January 2004 in a 2–1 home win against Rotherham United.[13] His first West Ham goal came on 9 March 2004 against his former club, Wimbledon as he scored the fourth goal in a 5–0 win.[14] He quickly became a regular member of Alan Pardew's first team and was made the club captain.[15] In his first season West Ham made the 2004 First Division play-off final but lost 1–0 in Cardiff to Crystal Palace.[16] In his second season, he scored three times and played 39 matches from a possible 46 matches to help the club win promotion to the Premier League in 2004–05 through the play-offs[17] and led the team to the FA Cup Final in May 2006.[18][19]

The 2006–07 Premiership campaign began less successfully for West Ham, and Reo-Coker was singled out by some groups as being the main culprit for this slump,[20][21] which left West Ham perilously close to the bottom three and ultimately led to the sacking of manager Alan Pardew.[22][23] New manager Alan Curbishley identified him as being part of the team which had lost direction and was in danger of being relegated back to the Championship.[24] Reo-Coker recovered his form in the latter part of the season and a run of seven wins in nine matches, inspired by Carlos Tevez, saw West Ham escape relegation on the last day of the season with a 1–0 win at Manchester United, which turned out to be Reo-Coker's last appearance for West Ham.[17][25]

Reo-Coker intended to sort his future out in the summer before the 2007–08 season, saying in May 2007, "I do not know what my future is and need to sit down and talk with the manager and the chairman this week. I have been through the mill this season, but it has made me a stronger person and I would not have changed anything. I am a very loyal person but to play at my best I need to be happy. I made a promise to West Ham fans that I would help keep this club in the Premier League and I have done that."[26] He requested a transfer at the end of the 2006–07 season after the board failed to reassure him concerning his future at West Ham.[27] Aston Villa were reported to have made a £7m bid for Reo-Coker in June[28] and in July 2007, West Ham and Aston Villa reached an agreement in the region of £8.5 million.[29] He made 142 appearances in all competitions for West Ham scoring 11 goals. He was also booked 33 times.[17]

Aston Villa[edit]

Reo-Coker (right) warming up for Aston Villa in 2009

Reo-Coker joined Aston Villa on 5 July 2007 for a reported £8.5 million, signing a four-year contract.[30] At the press conference following the signing, he spoke of being "hung out to dry" by his former club, West Ham United, and said that his reason for joining Villa was, "their aspiration to play in Europe; they have a talented squad and Martin O'Neill has told me what he aims to do and I believe we can achieve it."[31] He scored his first goal for Villa in a 5–0 League Cup 2nd round victory over Wrexham on 28 August 2007.[32] On 21 January 2008, Reo-Coker captained Aston Villa in the absence of regular captain Gareth Barry against Liverpool at Anfield.[citation needed] He scored his first Premier League goal for Aston Villa in a 2–1 win over Tottenham at White Hart Lane.[33] He then scored again later that week to equalise for Villa in the UEFA Cup against Litex Lovech. Villa went on to win this match 3–1.[34] During his time at Villa, Reo-Coker was known to operate as a right-back and right-winger occasionally when players who would usually play in those positions were unavailable.[citation needed]

Reo-Coker captained Aston Villa in the latter stages of the 2009 Peace Cup, following an injury to teammate Stiliyan Petrov. This was the case in the final, as Villa were triumphant and Reo-Coker consequently lifted the trophy.[35] He re-established himself as a regular starter in the Villa team following the departure of Gareth Barry.[citation needed] On 18 September 2009, he was involved in a training ground incident, described as a "strong verbal disagreement" with manager Martin O'Neill and dropped for the following day's match with Portsmouth.[36] A few weeks later, Reo-Coker was recalled by O'Neill, having been called ahead of a match.[37]

Reo-Coker enjoyed a resurgence at the start of the 2010–11 season under new Villa manager Gérard Houllier and following news in October 2010 that captain Petrov would be out injured for two months, Houllier named him as captain until Petrov's return.[38] On 27 May 2011, Aston Villa announced that Nigel Reo-Coker had left the club following his contract expiring.[39] After being released, he would accuse the club's chief of not contacting him about his release.[40]

Bolton Wanderers[edit]

Reo-Coker joined Bolton Wanderers in July 2011 on a free transfer following his release from Villa, signing a two-year contract.[41] Manager Owen Coyle described him as having the "...quality, drive and desire to compete at the highest level in the Premier League..."[42] He made his debut in the 4–0 away win at Queens Park Rangers in the next month and scored his first goal for the club in Bolton's 2–1 away win against Blackburn Rovers in December 2011.[43] He went on to make 42 league and cup appearances for Bolton, scoring three goals.[43] Bolton struggled during the 2011–12 season and following relegation from the Premier League at the end of the season, Reo-Coker activated a release clause in his contract and left the club.[44][45]

Ipswich Town[edit]

Reo-Coker joined Ipswich Town in October 2012, saying, "Ipswich are a sleeping giant in the Championship — a massive club with a great history. It's the right club at the right time for me and everything has fallen into place."[46] He made twelve appearances before departing the club in January 2013 after turning down the offer of an extended contract until June 2013.[47][48]

Vancouver Whitecaps FC[edit]

On 20 February 2013, Reo-Coker accepted an offer from MLS club Vancouver Whitecaps FC.[49] His Discovery Rights had been held by the Whitecaps' local rivals Portland Timbers, but he expressed a desire to play for the Vancouver club instead[50] having been impressed with the professionalism of Vancouver head coach Martin Rennie. Vancouver traded its second-round picks in the 2014 MLS SuperDraft and 2015 MLS SuperDraft to Portland in exchange for the right to sign Reo-Coker.[51]

Reo-Coker made his debut for the club in a 1–0 win over Toronto on 3 March 2013, where he made 38 passes in the 45 minutes played, misplacing just eight of the total 46 during the match.[52] He soon became known for his tough-tackling following a match against San Jose Earthquakes, in which he flipped midfielder Sam Cronin with a tackle in front of the referee. He was given a warning for the tackle.[citation needed] On 27 April 2013, Reo-Coker was awarded Man of the Match for his performance.[53]

Reo-Coker scored his first ever MLS goal in a 4–1 win over Seattle Sounders FC on 9 October 2013.[54]

Chivas USA[edit]

On 21 August 2014, Reo-Coker was traded to MLS club Chivas USA for Mauro Rosales.[55] Following the league's decision to fold the club following the 2014 MLS season, he was made available for the 2014 MLS Dispersal Draft[citation needed] but was not selected.[citation needed]

Montreal Impact[edit]

Reo-Coker was drafted by Montreal Impact in the MLS Waiver Draft on 10 December 2014.[56] His contract was terminated by mutual consent on 21 January 2016.[57]

Post-Major League Soccer[edit]

On 12 April 2017, Reo-Coker joined La Liga club Granada CF on trial with a view to contract until the end of the 2016–17 season.[58]

On 3 May 2017, Reo-Coker joined IK Start in the Norwegian first division.[59][60] On 26 June 2017, the club terminated his contract.[61]

In March 2018, it was reported that having trained with them for "several weeks", Milton Keynes Dons were "keen" to sign Reo-Coker, thus setting up a return to Milton Keynes, 14 years after he left Wimbledon during their National Hockey Stadium years.[62] On 22 March 2018, Reo-Coker joined the club on a short-term deal until the end of the 2017–18 season, but failed to make a single appearance and later retired from football.[63]

International career[edit]

England[edit]

Reo-Coker was first selected for the England under-21 squad against Turkey in October 2003.[64] On 24 March 2007, Reo-Coker led out England Under 21s against Italy Under 21s, becoming the first Englishman to captain a team at the new Wembley Stadium.[65] The match finished 3–3.[citation needed]

In May 2006, Reo-Coker was named as the standby midfield player for England's 2006 World Cup squad.[66] However, on 22 May the FA announced that Reo-Coker would be replaced by Phil Neville as Reo-Coker's back problems made him unable to compete in the World Cup.[67]

He captained the England U21s throughout the 2007 UEFA European Under-21 Championship.[citation needed] A second booking in the tournament received needlessly in the semi-final against the hosts, the Netherlands, meant he would have missed the final if England had progressed. Due to his age, it also meant that the match would be his last for the team. The semi-final went to penalties and the Netherlands eventually won 13–12, with Reo-Coker's penalty being saved in the shootout.[68]

Eligibility for Sierra Leone[edit]

Reo-Coker is of Sierra Leonean descent and stated in 2006 that he would consider any future call-ups to the Sierra Leone national team.[5] In May 2010, Sierra Leone Football Association president Nahim Khadi announced that his interest in inviting Reo-Coker to join up with Sierra Leone for their 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification campaign. Khadi said that the player's great "leadership and experience" would be a great asset to the team.[69]

On 20 September 2010, it was reported that Sierra Leone manager Christian Cole had decided to pencil Reo-Coker in to his squad for the 2012 Africa Cup of Nations qualifying match against South Africa.[70] However, Reo-Coker later rejected the chance to represent the nation, stating that he wished to concentrate on his football at Aston Villa and maybe even return to the England set-up in the future.[71]

Career statistics[edit]

As of match played 18 June 2017[72]
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
Club Season League National Cup League Cup Continental[a] Other[b] Total
Division Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals
Wimbledon 2001–02 First Division 1 0 1 0
2002–03 First Division 32 2 2 0 2 0 36 2
2003–04 First Division 25 4 1 0 1 0 27 4
Total 58 6 3 0 3 0 64 6
West Ham United 2003–04 First Division 15 2 3 0 18 2
2004–05 Championship 39 3 2 0 3 0 3 0 47 3
2005–06 Premier League 31 5 7 0 0 0 38 5
2006–07 Premier League 35 1 1 0 1 0 2 0 39 1
Total 120 11 10 0 4 0 2 0 6 0 142 11
Aston Villa 2007–08 Premier League 36 0 1 0 2 1 39 1
2008–09 Premier League 26 1 2 0 0 0 8 1 36 2
2009–10 Premier League 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 13 0
2010–11 Premier League 30 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 35 0
Total 102 1 6 0 5 1 10 1 123 3
Bolton Wanderers 2011–12 Premier League 37 3 5 0 0 0 42 3
Ipswich Town 2012–13 Championship 10 0 1 0 0 0 11 0
Vancouver Whitecaps FC 2013 MLS 32 1 3 0 0 0 35 1
2014 MLS 12 0 2 0 0 0 14 0
Total 44 1 5 0 0 0 49 1
Chivas USA 2014 MLS 9 0 0 0 9 0
Montreal Impact 2015 MLS 31 0 3 0 6 0 40 0
Start 2017 OBOS-ligaen 2 0 1 0 3 0
Milton Keynes Dons 2017–18 League One 0 0 0 0
Career total 413 22 34 0 12 1 18 1 6 0 483 24

Honours[edit]

West Ham United

Montreal Impact

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c Hugman, Barry J., ed. (2010). The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2010–11. Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing. p. 349. ISBN 978-1-84596-601-0.
  2. ^ Yoesting, Travis (1 September 2022). "Magisterial! Ray Hudson Returns To TV For Champions League On CBS/Paramount+". The18. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
  3. ^ a b "Deep-thinking Reo-Coker puts the record straight". Evening Standard. London. 29 February 2008. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
  4. ^ "The Big Interview: Nigel Reo Coker". The Times. London. 7 May 2006. Retrieved 3 June 2007.
  5. ^ a b "Nigel Reo-Coker: 'It annoys me when I hear young kids who claim they live in a ghetto. They are all living in brick houses. Then you look at Jamaica or Africa and there are people living in huts. That's the ghetto...'". The Independent. 11 February 2006. Archived from the original on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  6. ^ Burt, Jason (18 January 2004). "Hot property Reo-Coker has to sweat it out". The Independent on Sunday. Archived from the original on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
  7. ^ "Reo-Coker hopes to impress". BBC Sport. 7 October 2003. Retrieved 3 June 2007.
  8. ^ "Pompey agree Reo-Coker fee". BBC Sport. 16 June 2003. Retrieved 3 June 2007.
  9. ^ "Pompey concede Dons duo defeat". BBC Sport. 8 August 2003. Retrieved 3 June 2007.
  10. ^ "Nigel Reo-Coker". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Archived from the original on 4 August 2007. Retrieved 11 June 2007.
  11. ^ "Reo-Coker agrees Hammers terms". Sky Sports. 20 January 2004. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  12. ^ "Reo-Coker pleased with move". Sky Sports. 22 January 2004. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  13. ^ Plummer, David (2 February 2004). "Pardew buoyed by Dailly blessing". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
  14. ^ "West Ham 5–0 Wimbledon". BBC Sport. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
  15. ^ Kirk Blows (21 December 2012). Hammers Heaven and Hell: From Take-Off to Tévez - Two Seasons of Triumph and Trauma at West Ham United. Mainstream Publishing. pp. 13–. ISBN 978-1-78057-792-0.
  16. ^ "Crystal Palace 1 West Ham 0". Sporting Life. 29 May 2004. Retrieved 4 April 2012.[permanent dead link]
  17. ^ a b c "Welcome to the Wonderful World of West Ham United Statistics Nigel Reo-Coker". westhamstats.info. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
  18. ^ "West Ham 1–0 Preston". BBC Sport. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
  19. ^ a b "Liverpool 3–3 West Ham". BBC Sport. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
  20. ^ "Reo-Coker subjected to hate mail". BBC Sport. 19 December 2007. Retrieved 5 June 2007.
  21. ^ "West Ham boss defends Reo-Coker". BBC Sport. 7 January 2007. Retrieved 5 June 2007.
  22. ^ Tynan, Gordon (11 January 2007). "West Ham 'need a bit of luck', says Reo-Coker". The Independent. Archived from the original on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  23. ^ "Reo-Coker reveals West Ham doubts". BBC Sport. 13 December 2006. Retrieved 3 June 2007.
  24. ^ "Reo-Coker hits out at claims". Sky Sports. Retrieved 17 December 2018.
  25. ^ "Magnusson hails West Ham survival". BBC Sport. 14 May 2007. Retrieved 5 June 2007.
  26. ^ "Siege mentality saved West Ham...". The Times. London. 14 May 2007. Retrieved 3 June 2007.
  27. ^ "Reo-Coker asks for transfer" Archived 28 May 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Sky Sports. 26 May 2007. Retrieved 3 June 2007
  28. ^ "Aston Villa bid £7m for Reo-Coker". BBC Sport. 5 June 2007. Retrieved 5 June 2007
  29. ^ "Reo-Coker fee agreed" Archived 7 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Aston Villa F.C. 4 July 2007. Retrieved 4 July 2007.
  30. ^ "Villa complete Reo-Coker signing". BBC Sport. 5 July 2007. Retrieved 5 July 2007.
  31. ^ "Villa complete Reo-Coker signing". BBC Sport. 5 July 2007. Retrieved 17 July 2007.
  32. ^ "Wrexham 0–5 Aston Villa". BBC Sport. 28 August 2007. Retrieved 3 September 2009.
  33. ^ " Tottenham 1–2 Aston Villa". BBC Sport. 15 September 2008. Retrieved 15 September 2008.
  34. ^ "Litex Lovech 1–3 Aston Villa". BBC Sport. 18 September 2008. Retrieved 2 September 2009.
  35. ^ Kendrick, Mat (3 August 2009). "Aston Villa 4 Juventus 3 - Bill Howell's pre-season verdict". Birmingham Mail. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  36. ^ "Reo-Coker dropped and sent home". BBC Sport. 18 September 2009. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
  37. ^ "Reo-Coker back for Villa". Sky Sports. 25 September 2009. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  38. ^ "Reo-Coker named temporary captain of the claret and blue troops". Aston Villa F.C. Archived from the original on 29 November 2010. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
  39. ^ "Farewell to Reo-Coker and Carew as released list announced". Aston Villa F.C. 27 May 2011. Archived from the original on 27 May 2011. Retrieved 27 May 2011.
  40. ^ "Reo-Coker blasts Villa snub". Sky Sports. 9 July 2011. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  41. ^ "Reo-Coker seals Bolton move". Sky Sports. 14 May 2011. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
  42. ^ "Nigel Reo-Coker joins Bolton after Aston Villa release". BBC Sport. 27 July 2011. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
  43. ^ a b "Games played by Nigel Reo-Coker in 2011/2012". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
  44. ^ "Bolton Wanderers allow 15 players to leave after relegation". BBC Sport. 18 May 2012. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
  45. ^ "Reo-Coker free to leave Trotters". Sky Sports. 15 May 2012. Retrieved 20 October 2012.
  46. ^ "Nigel Reo-Coker: Ipswich Town sign ex-Bolton midfielder". BBC Sport. 14 October 2012. Retrieved 15 October 2012.
  47. ^ "Ipswich Town: Nigel Reo-Coker turns down extension". BBC Sport. 14 January 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
  48. ^ Watson, Stuart (12 January 2013). "Nigel Reo-Coker will not be staying at Ipswich Town". East Anglian Daily Times. Ipswich. Retrieved 12 January 2013.
  49. ^ "Reo-Coker accepts Whitecaps offer". Prost Amerika. 19 February 2013. Archived from the original on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
  50. ^ "Whitecaps set to swoop for Reo-Coker". Prost Amerika. 14 February 2013. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
  51. ^ "Timbers acquire 2014, 2015 SuperDraft picks from Vancouver". Portland Timbers. Archived from the original on 24 February 2013. Retrieved 22 February 2013.
  52. ^ "Nigel Reo-Coker actually did pretty well in his MLS debut". Lion of Vienna Suite. 3 March 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  53. ^ Green, Darcy (27 April 2013). "Whitecaps FC draw 2-2 versus FC Dallas". Vancouver Whitecaps FC. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
  54. ^ Devji, Farhan (9 October 2013). "Manneh hat-trick propels Vancouver Whitecaps FC to historic 4-1 victory over Seattle Sounders FC". Vancouver Whitecaps FC. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
  55. ^ "Nigel Reo-Coker traded from Whitecaps to Chivas USA". CBC.ca. 21 August 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
  56. ^ "Nigel Reo-Coker headlines three former Chivas USA players taken in MLS Waiver Draft | MLSsoccer.com". Archived from the original on 28 December 2014. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
  57. ^ "Reo-Coker won't be back in 2016". Montreal Impact. 22 January 2016. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
  58. ^ "Richardson & Reo-Coker join Granada CF on trial". granadacf.es/en. Granada CF. 12 April 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  59. ^ "Nigel Reo-Coker: Midfielder signs for Norwegian club IK Start". BBC Sport. 3 May 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
  60. ^ AS, TV 2 (3 May 2017). "Tidligere Premier League-kaptein blir Start-spiller". Retrieved 27 June 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  61. ^ "Nigel Reo-Coker er ferdig i Start: - Vi visste det var gambling". Retrieved 27 June 2017.
  62. ^ "Nigel Reo-Coker: MK Dons boss Dan Micciche keen to sign ex-West Ham midfielder". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 9 March 2018. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
  63. ^ "MK Dons sign former West Ham and Villa man Reo-Coker". ITV News. 22 March 2018. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  64. ^ "Reo-Coker hopes to impress". BBC Sport. 7 October 2003. Retrieved 3 June 2007.
  65. ^ "A priceless moment". The Football Association. 25 March 2007. Retrieved 3 June 2007.
  66. ^ "Eriksson gambles on Walcott". The Guardian. London. 8 May 2006. Retrieved 3 June 2007.
  67. ^ "Neville in for injured Reo-Coker". BBC Sport. 22 May 2006. Retrieved 3 June 2007.
  68. ^ "Holland U21 1–1 Eng U21 (aet)". BBC Sport. 20 June 2007. Retrieved 21 June 2007.
  69. ^ Iannarilli, Emma (27 May 2010). "Nigel Reo-Coker in Sierra Leone call". Express & Star. Wolverhampton. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
  70. ^ "Sierra Leone hopeful on Reo-Coker". BBC Sport. 20 September 2010.
  71. ^ "Reo-Coker spurns Sierra Leone". Sky Sports. 23 September 2010.
  72. ^ "N.Reo-Coker". soccerway.com. Soccerway. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
  73. ^ "West Ham 1–0 Preston". BBC Sport. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  74. ^ "Impact's CONCACAF Champions League trophy chances dashed after home defeat". The Globe and Mail. Toronto. Retrieved 31 August 2016.

External links[edit]