Jump to content

Famine in Yemen (2016–present)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Famine in Yemen
المجاعة في اليمن
CountryYemen
Period2016–present
Total deathsMore than 90,000 children (adults unknown)
(2018 estimate)[1][2][3][4]
Death rateAt least 130 children (adults unknown) per day
(December 2016–November 2017 estimate)[5][6]
Causes
Consequences

Since 2016, a food insecurity crisis has been ongoing in Yemen which began during the Yemeni civil war.[10] The UN estimates that the war has caused an estimated 130,000 deaths from indirect causes which include lack of food, health services, and infrastructure as of December 2020.[11] In 2018, Save the Children estimated that 85,000 children have died due to starvation in the three years prior.[12][13] In May 2020, UNICEF described Yemen as "the largest humanitarian crisis in the world", and estimated that 80% of the population, over 24 million people, were in need of humanitarian assistance.[14] In September 2022, the World Food Programme estimated that 17.4 million Yemenis struggled with food insecurity, and projected that number would increase to 19 million by the end of the year, describing this level of hunger as "unprecedented."[9] The crisis is being compounded by an outbreak of cholera, which resulted in over 3000 deaths between 2015 and mid 2017.[15] While the country is in crisis and multiple regions have been classified as being in IPC Phase 4 (humanitarian emergency), an actual classification of famine conditions was averted in 2018 and again in early 2019 due to international relief efforts.[16][17] In January 2021, two out of 33 regions were classified as IPC 4 (humanitarian emergency) while 26 were classified as IPC 3 (acute crisis).[18]

The main cause of the crisis is the ongoing Yemeni civil war. Aid often cannot effectively reach the population because of the ongoing civil war and the blockade of Yemen by Saudi Arabia which started in 2015.[19][20][21][22][23] The blockade was intensified in November 2017 with the closure of all sea and land ports and then partially but not fully lifted at the end of the month,[24] and some humanitarian supplies were allowed into the country.[25]

According to the 2019 Global Hunger Index, Yemen has the second-highest hunger score in the world, after the Central African Republic with a slight worsening of the hunger score since 2000 (increase from 43.2 to 45.9).[26] For 2020, GHI estimates that the prevalence of wasting in children under 5 has increased from 13.3% to 15.5% and the prevalence of stunting has increased from 46.6% to 53.2% while overall child mortality has slightly decreased in the period of the civil war (compared to 2010).[27][26]

Background

[edit]
Main articles: Yemeni civil war (2014–present) and War crimes in the Yemeni civil war (2014–present)

Since its unification in 1990, Yemen has been one of the poorer countries in the region. As the cost of local food production was high, it also became dependent on food imports.[28] As global food prices spiked in 2008, this led to food insecurity and food riots. Prior to the civil war, Yemen was already the most vulnerable country in the Middle East, ranking highly among the world's most malnourished, with 50 percent of its population living in impoverished conditions with limited access to safe water.[29]

In 2014, a fight between government forces and Houthi-led insurgents led to a full-scale civil war. Iran's government offered military support to the Houthis, leading to the seizure of Yemen's capital Sana'a.[30] President Abd Rabbu Mansour was forced to resign together with his government officials. Towards the beginning of March of the same year, the United States and Saudi Arabia implemented a series of economic sanctions and a Saudi-led coalition began airstrikes against the Houthi rebels.[31] In the following years, the Houthis began attacking oil transports, imposing an effective embargo on oil exports.[32]

These sanctions and ongoing war greatly diminished the domestic economy and destroyed national infrastructure. The war also affected civilians severely, displacing over four million residents,[33] and leaving over 68 percent of people in serious need of humanitarian assistance.[29]

Causes

[edit]

Saudi Arabian-led intervention

[edit]

The famine is the direct result of the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen and blockade.[34][35][36][37] Yemen was already the most impoverished nation in the Arabian Peninsula and the Middle East, and Al Hudaydah one of the poorest cities of Yemen, but the war and the naval blockade[38][39] by the Saudi-led coalition made the situation much worse. Fishing boats, the main livelihood of Al Hudaydah's residents, were destroyed by Saudi airstrikes,[40][41][dubious – discuss] leaving them without any means to provide for their families.[42][43] As a result, one child dies every ten minutes on average.[44] A UN panel of experts found that Saudi Arabia is purposefully obstructing the delivery of humanitarian aid into Yemen.[45]

Saudi Arabia was reported to be deliberately targeting means of food production and distribution in Yemen[46] by bombing farms,[47][48] fishing boats,[49] ports,[50][51] food storages, food factories,[52][53] and other businesses[54] in order to exacerbate famine. These actions led to the UN accusing the Saudi-led coalition of committing war crimes and having a "complete disregard for human life".[55][54][56][57][58] 1,500 schools were damaged and destroyed during Yemeni Civil War.[59] After Saudi-backed Hadi's forces retook Mocha from Houthis they barred fishermen from working.[60][61] The Union of Yemeni fishermen accused the coalition of waging war against fishermen.[62]

U.S. Senator Chris Murphy accused the United States of complicity in Yemen's humanitarian crisis, saying: "Thousands and thousands inside Yemen today are dying. ... This horror is caused in part by our decision to facilitate a bombing campaign that is murdering children and to endorse a Saudi strategy inside Yemen that is deliberately using disease and starvation and the withdrawal of humanitarian support as a tactic."[63]

The British researcher Alex de Waal has considered the famine in Yemen as

The world's worst since North Korea in the 1990s and the one in which Western responsibility is clearest... Britain has sold at least £4.5 billion in arms to Saudi Arabia and £500 million to the UAE since the war began. The US role is even bigger: Trump authorized arms sales to the Saudis worth $110 billion last May. Yemen will be the defining famine crime of this generation, perhaps this century.[64]

Doctors Without Borders (MSF) has been assisting victims of the famine and the cholera outbreak, as well as providing mental health assistance to those who have been affected by the war.[65]

Houthi food confiscation

[edit]

Houthi rebels have been accused of unlawfully confiscating food and medicine from civilians under their control by organizations including Human Rights Watch (HRW), MSF, and the World Food Programme (WFP), with a WFP survey finding that food aid was not reaching the majority of those eligible to receive it in Houthi–held Sanaʽa and Saada.[66][67]

History

[edit]

2016

[edit]

Abd Rabbuh Mansour Hadi's decision to relocate the Central Bank of Yemen to Aden in September 2016 was reported to have exacerbated the vulnerable living conditions of the population. The move "was aimed primarily at disabling the Houthi-Saleh administered bureaucracy based in Sana'a. Instead, it provoked a severe liquidity crisis that has fueled famine, as somewhere between 8.5 million and 10 million Yemenis rely on public sector salaries that have been unpaid for more than a year."[68]

Sana'a Centre for Strategical Studies recorded that the banking crisis in fact began in early 2010 when American banks began closing the accounts of Yemeni banks, and with the start of the conflict in 2011, as Yemen came under UN Chapter 7 jurisdiction. "Large European and American banks ceased to interact with Yemeni banks completely. Yemeni banks became both unable to honor customer requests to withdraw cash – leading to further hoarding outside the banking system – and had no domestic currency to deposit at the Central Bank of Yemen. These multiple, interrelated and mutually reinforcing factors helped instigate a severe public sector cash liquidity crisis in mid-2016."[69]

2017

[edit]
Protest against U.S. involvement in the military intervention in Yemen, New York City, 2017

More than 50,000 children in Yemen died from starvation during 2017.[1][2][3][dubious – discuss]

On 5 November 2017, the Saudi-led coalition began blocking all fuel shipments to Yemen, causing farmers to abandon modern equipment like tractors and forcing hospitals to function without generators.[70][71]

On 11 December 2017, Jamie McGoldrick, the UN's humanitarian coordinator for Yemen, affirmed that 8 million in the country are in danger of famine unless access to immediate humanitarian aid is allowed.[72][73] On 13 December 2017, USAID administrator, Mark Andrew Green, stated that there are no signs that the blockade had been in any way eased and Yemeni ports are still fully blocked.[74][75]

According to The Economist, another major cause of the famine is the popularity of the cultivation and consumption of khat, which requires a significant amount of water to grow in addition to being the most popular drug in Yemen.[8] Khat cultivation is monopolised by the Houthi rebels.[8]

2018

[edit]

In July 2018, a 25% increase in severe hunger cases in Yemen compared to 2017 was reported.[76]

In a September 2018 column in The New York Times, Nicholas Kristof stated that the United States is supporting crimes against humanity in Yemen, adding that: "America is helping to kill, maim and starve Yemeni children. At least eight million Yemenis are at risk of starvation from an approaching famine caused not by crop failures but by our actions and those of our allies. The United Nations has called it the world's worst humanitarian crisis, and we own it."[77]

In October 2018, World Peace Foundation released a report documenting systematic targeting and destruction of food production and distribution infrastructure in Yemen by the Saudi-led coalition.[78]

On 31 October 2018, the United States and the United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia's biggest arm suppliers, called for a ceasefire in the conflict in Yemen. A press release from the United States Secretary of State, Michael Pompeo, stated: "A cessation of hostilities and vigorous resumption of a political track will help ease the humanitarian crisis as well. It is time to end this conflict, replace conflict with compromise, and allow the Yemeni people to heal through peace and reconstruction."[79] On 10 November 2018, the U.S. announced it would no longer refuel coalition aircraft operating over Yemen.[80] The U.S. continues its backing of the Saudi-led intervention with weapons sales and intelligence sharing.[81]

In November 2018, according to a report by The New York Times, 1.8 million children in Yemen are severely malnourished.[82]

2019

[edit]

On 3 August 2019, a United Nations report said the US, UK and France may be complicit in committing war crimes in Yemen by selling weapons and providing support to the Saudi-led coalition which is using the starvation of civilians as a tactic of warfare.[83][84]

Famine was averted in 2019, as support from donor governments saw the World Food Programme scale up to support increasing needs, going from supporting around 1 million people in 2015 to nearly 13 million in 2019. It was one of the largest humanitarian scale-ups in recent history.[85]

2020

[edit]

As of March 2020, UNICEF estimates that 2 million children under the age of 5 suffer from acute malnutrition and require treatment.[86]

According to a report by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), UNICEF, and the World Food Programme (WFP) and partners, 40% of Yemen's population was expected to suffer from acute food insecurity because of the war, flood, coronavirus, and locust swarms, by the end of 2020. Within 6 months "high levels of acute food insecurity" was estimated to increase from 2 million to 3.2 million, even if the food aid was maintained.[87]

2021

[edit]

The World Food Programme (WFP) projected in March 2021 that if the Saudi-led blockade and war continues, more than 400,000 Yemeni children under 5 years old could die from acute malnutrition before the end of the year as the blockade devastates the nation.[88][89][90]

The UN estimated that by the end of 2021, the conflict in Yemen had claimed more than 377,000 lives, with 60% of them the result of hunger, disease and lack of healthcare facilities.[91][92]

2022

[edit]

In March 2022, the UN Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator called for humanitarian assistance and protection of millions of people with essential services. At the June 2022 Yemen Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) meeting, stakeholders recognized the protection programming is only at 36.9 percent of the available 47.2 percent fund. In September 2022, the scale of food insecurity for 17.4 million Yemenis was communicated- predicting 19 million people to be at risk of famine by December 2022. This confirmed that the women and children Malnutrition rates in Yemen remain among the highest in the world, with 1.3 million pregnant or lactating women and with 2.2 million children under 5 years old requiring treatment for acute malnutrition.[93] In December 2022, the World Food Program (WFP) published Yemenis Emergency needs with 23.5 million people lacking humanitarian assistance. WFP also reported that 17 million people are food insecure, and 3.5 million pregnant or breastfeeding women and children under 5 are exposed to acute malnutrition, which is much higher than the September 2022 predicted needs.[94]

2023

[edit]

In 2023, Yemen continued to face a humanitarian crisis, with two-thirds of its population, approximately 21.6 million people, requiring humanitarian assistance and protection services. This ongoing need stemmed from protracted war, economic collapse, displacement, and recurrent natural disasters. Despite a slight decrease from 23.4 million people in need in 2022 to 21.6 million in 2023, the situation remained critically severe. The UN's humanitarian affairs office, OCHA, sought $4.3 billion to support the 17.3 million most vulnerable individuals. Key strategic objectives for the year included promoting life-saving activities, enhancing resilience, and ensuring protection for the affected populations.[95]

2024

[edit]

Yemen's humanitarian and development agencies focused on incorporating climate resilience into their interventions, recognizing the growing impact of climate change on the already vulnerable country. The Food Security and Agriculture Cluster aimed to secure and improve food access for vulnerable households through a $1.36 billion plan, reaching 12.8 million people. The health sector faced a significant funding shortfall, exacerbating challenges such as cholera outbreaks and malnutrition's medical side effects. Efforts to improve access to clean water, sanitation, health services, and renewable energy sources in health facilities were critical priorities. In addition, support for livelihood development and cash-based interventions continued to be vital for fostering economic stability and self-sufficiency among Yemenis.[96]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "50,000 children in Yemen have died of starvation and disease so far this year, monitoring group says". Chicago Tribune. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 1 November 2018. Retrieved 14 December 2017.
  2. ^ a b "More than 50,000 Yemeni children are now expected to die by the end of 2017". The Independent. 15 November 2017. Archived from the original on 23 May 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
  3. ^ a b Patrick Wintour (16 November 2017). "Saudis must lift Yemen blockade or 'untold' thousands will die, UN agencies warn". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 December 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  4. ^ "Parents are being forced to watch their children starve to death in Yemen". The Independent. 3 May 2018. Archived from the original on 3 May 2018. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
  5. ^ "UNICEF: One child dies every 10 minutes in Yemen". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 2 May 2019. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
  6. ^ "50,000 children in Yemen have died of starvation and disease so far this year, monitoring group says". Chicago Tribune. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 1 November 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  7. ^ "US involvement in the Yemen war just got deeper". Public Radio International. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
  8. ^ a b c "The drug that is starving Yemen". The Economist. 4 January 2018. Archived from the original on 5 March 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
  9. ^ a b "Yemen emergency". World Food Programme. September 2022. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 30 September 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  10. ^ Graham-Harrison, Emma; agencies (4 October 2016). "Yemen famine feared as starving children fight for lives in hospital". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 October 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
  11. ^ "UN humanitarian office puts Yemen war dead at 233,000, mostly from 'indirect causes'". UN News. 1 December 2020. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
  12. ^ Karasz, Palko (21 November 2018). "85,000 Children in Yemen May Have Died of Starvation". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
  13. ^ "85,000 children in Yemen have starved to death: Save the Children report - ABC News". ABC News. Archived from the original on 9 April 2021.
  14. ^ "Yemen conflict: A devastating toll for children". UNICEF. Archived from the original on 16 March 2017. Retrieved 16 March 2017.
  15. ^ "Yemen faces world's worst cholera outbreak - UN". BBC News. 25 June 2017. Archived from the original on 25 June 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
  16. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  17. ^ "Yemen 2018 | IPC Global Platform". Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
  18. ^ "Yemen: Acute Malnutrition January - July 2020 and Projections for August - December 2020 and January - March 2021 | IPC Global Platform". Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
  19. ^ "'Catastrophic' Saudi Blockade on Yemen Could Starve Millions". Time. Archived from the original on 4 October 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
  20. ^ Dewan, Angela (9 November 2017). "Saudi blockade pushing Yemen to 'worst famine in decades'". CNN. Archived from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
  21. ^ "'Catastrophic' Yemen crisis grows as blockade cuts Red Cross and UN aid". ABC News. ABC. 8 November 2017. Archived from the original on 24 September 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
  22. ^ Miles, Tom (21 November 2017). "Famine survey warns of thousands dying daily in Yemen if ports stay closed". Reuters. Archived from the original on 9 March 2019. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
  23. ^ "Saudi Arabia is using famine as a weapon of war - Opinion". Newsweek. 28 November 2017. Archived from the original on 8 May 2019. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  24. ^ Erickson, Amanda (22 November 2017). "Saudi Arabia just reopened two key ports in Yemen. That won't prevent a famine". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 22 November 2017. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  25. ^ Erickson, Amanda (1 December 2017). "Saudi Arabia lifted its blockade of Yemen. It's not nearly enough to prevent a famine". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 5 December 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
  26. ^ a b "2019 Global Hunger Index Results - Global, Regional, and National Trends" (PDF). 2019 Global Hunger Index (GHI) - peer-reviewed annual publication designed to comprehensively measure and track hunger at the global, regional, and country levels. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 January 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
  27. ^ "2020 Global Hunger Index Results - Global, Regional, and National Trends" (PDF). Global Hunger Index (GHI) - peer-reviewed annual publication designed to comprehensively measure and track hunger at the global, regional, and country levels. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 October 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
  28. ^ GEOGLAM (9 November 2011). "Yemen: Conflict and Food Insecurity" (PDF). Global Agricultural Monitoring. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
  29. ^ a b Fink, Martin D. (July 2017). "Naval Blockade and the Humanitarian Crisis in Yemen". Netherlands International Law Review. 64 (2): 291–307. doi:10.1007/s40802-017-0092-3. hdl:11245.1/bf2c3102-23de-4cbc-b4ff-9009276b5569. ISSN 0165-070X.
  30. ^ "War and Peace in Yemen", The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Peace and Conflict Studies, Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022, p. 1676, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77954-2_300719, ISBN 978-3-030-77953-5, archived from the original on 15 February 2023, retrieved 16 December 2022
  31. ^ Sugara, Robi (2018). "The Responses of Indonesian Muslims to Humanitarian Crisis in Syria, Yemen, and Myanmar". Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Recent Innovations. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications: 1737–1744. doi:10.5220/0009934517371744. ISBN 978-989-758-458-9.
  32. ^ "The Houthis' embargo on Yemen's oil exports". Middle East Institute. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
  33. ^ "Yemen Fact Sheet, April - June 2023 - Yemen | ReliefWeb". reliefweb.int. 5 October 2023. Archived from the original on 6 December 2023. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
  34. ^ "Saudi de facto blockade starves Yemen of food and medicine". Reuters. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
  35. ^ "Yemen under de facto blockade". Reuters. Archived from the original on 22 October 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
  36. ^ Kristof, Nicholas (31 August 2017). "The Photos the U.S. and Saudi Arabia Don't Want You to See". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 17 May 2019. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
  37. ^ McKernan, Bethan (7 November 2018). "Battle rages in Yemen's vital port as showdown looms". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 7 November 2018. The port has been blockaded by the Saudi-led coalition for the past three years, a decision aid organisations say has been the main contributing factor to the famine that threatens to engulf half of Yemen's 28 million population.
  38. ^ Felipe Bueno (6 February 2017). "Food Crisis in Conflict-Ridden Yemen Borders on Famine". The Diplomatic Envoy. South Orange, New Jersey: School of Diplomacy and International Relations at Seton Hall University. Archived from the original on 27 June 2018. Retrieved 16 March 2017.
  39. ^ Julian Borger (4 June 2016). "Saudi-led naval blockade leaves 20m Yemenis facing humanitarian disaster". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 May 2019. Retrieved 16 March 2017.
  40. ^ "Bombing of schools by Saudi Arabia-led coalition a flagrant attack on future of Yemen's children". Amnesty International. 11 December 2015. Archived from the original on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  41. ^ "Yemen". Doctors Without Borders - USA. Archived from the original on 2 May 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  42. ^ Saeed Kamali Dehghan; Ahmad Algohbary (8 February 2017). "Yemen's food crisis: 'We die either from the bombing or the hunger'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 14 April 2019. Retrieved 16 March 2017.
  43. ^ Ahmed Al-Haj (16 September 2016). "Ravaged by conflict, Yemen's coast faces rising malnutrition". U.S. News & World Report. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 17 September 2016. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
  44. ^ "UNICEF: One child dies every 10 minutes in Yemen". Al Jazeera. 12 December 2016. Archived from the original on 2 May 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
  45. ^ Nichols, Michelle (17 November 2017). "Saudi-led coalition threatens Yemen by blocking aid -U.N. report". Reuters. Archived from the original on 18 November 2017. Retrieved 14 December 2017.
  46. ^ "U.S. Fingerprints on Attacks Obliterating Yemen's Economy". The New York Times. 14 November 2016. Archived from the original on 7 May 2019. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
  47. ^ MENAFN. "Saudi air campaign targets Yemen's food supplies". Archived from the original on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
  48. ^ "Saudi Arabia 'deliberately targeting impoverished Yemen's farms and agricultural industry'". The Independent. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  49. ^ "Over 100 civilians killed in a month, including fishermen, refugees, as Yemen conflict reaches two-year mark". ReliefWeb. Archived from the original on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  50. ^ "Saudi-led coalition strikes Yemeni port, civilians at risk". Reuters. 10 February 2017. Archived from the original on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
  51. ^ "Yemen: Saudi-led coalition intensifies air strikes, hits grains port - CNN". Archived from the original on 24 March 2021.
  52. ^ "Air strikes kill at least 16 civilians in Yemen's Hodeidah: medics, residents". Reuters. 24 October 2018. Archived from the original on 24 October 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
  53. ^ "In Yemen, 34 killed in bottling factory bombing". CNN. Archived from the original on 1 September 2015. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  54. ^ a b "Bombing Businesses - Saudi Coalition Airstrikes on Yemen's Civilian Economic Structures". Human Rights Watch. 11 July 2016. Archived from the original on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  55. ^ "Saudi-led air strikes in Yemen killed 68 civilians in one day, UN says". The Independent. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  56. ^ "The UN just accused Saudi Arabia led coalition of war crimes". The Independent. Archived from the original on 29 December 2018. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  57. ^ "Death toll from Saudi airstrike on Yemeni wedding rises to 88: report". AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز. 23 April 2018. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  58. ^ "Yemen Devastated by Saudi-Influenced Famine". Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain. 24 January 2018. Archived from the original on 22 July 2018. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  59. ^ "Huge spike in Yemen violence as civilian deaths rise by 164% in four months". The Guardian. 26 September 2018. Archived from the original on 29 September 2018. Retrieved 28 September 2018.
  60. ^ Craig, Iona (12 December 2017). "Bombed into famine: how Saudi air campaign targets Yemen's food supplies". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 May 2019. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  61. ^ "Saudi Arabia 'deliberately targeting impoverished Yemen's farms and agricultural industry'". The Independent. 23 October 2016. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  62. ^ Craig, Iona (12 December 2017). "Bombed into famine: how Saudi air campaign targets Yemen's food supplies". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 May 2019. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
  63. ^ "Congress Votes to Say It Hasn't Authorized War in Yemen, Yet War in Yemen Goes On Archived 7 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine". The Intercept. 14 November 2017.
  64. ^ Waal, Alex de (7 March 2019). "Monuments to Famine". London Review of Books. 41 (5). Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 1 March 2019.
  65. ^ "Yemen". Doctors Without Borders - USA. Archived from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
  66. ^ "Yemen: Houthis Block Vital Goods into Taizz". Human Rights Watch. 31 January 2016. Archived from the original on 2 February 2016. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  67. ^ "UN threatens to suspend aid to Yemen amid theft by Houthi rebels". The Daily Telegraph. 31 December 2018. Archived from the original on 31 December 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  68. ^ MERIP. 30 January 2018. "Yemen Dispatch". Middle East Research and Information Project website Archived 30 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine.
  69. ^ Sana'a Centre. 4 June 2017. "Addressing Yemen's Most Critical Challenges: Practical Short-Term Recommendations". Sana'a Centre for Strategical Studies website Archived 6 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine.
  70. ^ "Exclusive: Saudi-led blockade cuts fuel lifeline to Yemen". Reuters. 6 December 2017. Archived from the original on 7 December 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2017.
  71. ^ "17 million in Yemen need food - now hospitals and water pumps will run out of fuel in three weeks". AFP. Archived from the original on 19 December 2017. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  72. ^ Al Jazeera News. (11 December 2017). "More than 8 million 'a step away' from famine in Yemen". Al Jazeera website Archived 27 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 11 December 2017.
  73. ^ United Nations. (11 December 2017). "UN aid official in Yemen urges lifting of the blockade, says millions a 'step away from famine'". UN News Centre website Archived 14 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 11 December 2017.
  74. ^ "U.S. aid chief says no sign Yemen port blockade easing to allow aid in". Reuters. 12 December 2017. Archived from the original on 14 January 2019. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
  75. ^ "US aid chief says no sign Yemen port blockade easing to allow aid in". www.worldnews.easybranches.com. Archived from the original on 13 December 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
  76. ^ Kanso, Heba (24 July 2018). "Yemen close to famine after port offensive, aid groups warn". Reuters. Archived from the original on 11 May 2019. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
  77. ^ Kristof, Nicholas (26 September 2018). "Be Outraged by America's Role in Yemen's Misery". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 October 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
  78. ^ "A new report by Martha Mundy – World Peace Foundation". 6 October 2018. Archived from the original on 5 July 2020. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  79. ^ "Ending the Conflict in Yemen". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
  80. ^ Ryan Browne, Barbara Starr (10 November 2018). "US to stop air refueling of Saudi-led coalition in Yemen". CNN. Archived from the original on 11 November 2018. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
  81. ^ "U.N.: A Yemeni Child Dies Every 10 Min. from War-Caused Disease, Hunger". DemocracyNow!. 5 November 2018. Archived from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
  82. ^ Walsh, Declan (November 2018). "Yemen Girl Who Turned World's Eyes to Famine Is Dead". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2 November 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
  83. ^ "U.N. Says Western Countries May Be Complicit in Yemen War Crimes Days After Air Raid Kills Titi 100 Prisoners". Democracy Now. Archived from the original on 10 May 2020. Retrieved 3 September 2019.
  84. ^ Wintour, Patrick (3 September 2019). "UK, US and France may be complicit in Yemen war crimes – UN report". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  85. ^ Hengel, Livia (29 March 2021). "'Famine alert: Hunger, malnutrition and how WFP is tackling this other deadly pandemic'". World Food Programme. Archived from the original on 30 January 2022. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  86. ^ "Yemen crisis". www.unicef.org. Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
  87. ^ MacDiarmid, Campbell (22 July 2020). "Yemen faces 'perfect storm' of hunger amid the coronavirus outbreak and war, UN warns". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  88. ^ ""Hell on Earth": Yemeni Children Starve to Death as U.S.-Backed Saudi Blockade Devastates Nation". Democracy Now!. 12 March 2021. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  89. ^ "As Conflict, Humanitarian Crisis Grows, Yemen 'Speeding towards Massive Famine', Under-Secretary-General Warns, in Briefing to Security Council - Yemen | ReliefWeb". Archived from the original on 22 March 2021.
  90. ^ "At least 400,000 Yemeni children under 5 could die of starvation this year - UN agencies". Reuters. 12 February 2021. Archived from the original on 5 November 2021.
  91. ^ "Yemen war deaths will reach 377,000 by end of the year: UN". Al Jazeera. 23 November 2021. Archived from the original on 1 February 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  92. ^ "Yemen: Why is the war there getting more violent?". BBC News. 22 March 2022. Archived from the original on 28 July 2018. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  93. ^ "Joint statement on Yemen and the United Nations General Assembly 2022". Norwegian Refugee Council. 22 September 2022. Archived from the original on 31 December 2022. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
  94. ^ "Yemen emergency". World Food Program. Archived from the original on 31 December 2022. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
  95. ^ "Two-thirds of Yemenis need humanitarian support and protection | UN News". news.un.org. 25 January 2023. Archived from the original on 21 March 2024. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
  96. ^ "Yemen Humanitarian Crisis". Center for Disaster Philanthropy. 7 March 2024. Archived from the original on 21 March 2024. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine_in_Yemen_(2016–present)&oldid=1245400469"