George William Curtis: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|American journalist (1824–1892)}} |
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'''George William Curtis''' (February 24, 1824 – August 31, 1892) was an American writer |
'''George William Curtis''' (February 24, 1824 – August 31, 1892) was an American writer, reformer, public speaker, and political activist. He was an [[Abolitionism in the United States|abolitionist]] and supporter of [[civil rights for African Americans]] and [[Native American civil rights|Native Americans]]. He also advocated [[women's suffrage in the United States|women's suffrage]], [[civil service reform in the United States|civil service reform]], and [[public education in the United States|public education]].{{citation needed|date=April 2021}} |
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==Early life and education== |
==Early life and education== |
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{{more citations needed|section|date=April 2021}} |
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George William Curtis was born in [[Providence, Rhode Island]] on February 24, 1824.<ref>Ehrlich, Eugene and Gorton Carruth. ''The Oxford Illustrated Literary Guide to the United States''. New York: Oxford University Press,1982: 71. {{ISBN|0-19-503186-5}}</ref> His father was also named George Curtis. His mother, Mary Elizabeth (Burrill) Curtis, was the daughter of former United States Senator [[James Burrill Jr.]] and died when the infant George was two years old. |
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At six |
At six, George was sent with his elder brother [[James Burrill Curtis]] to school in [[Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts]], where he remained for five years. In 1835, his father having remarried happily, the boys were brought home to Providence, where they stayed until around 1839, when they moved with their father to New York. Three years later, George and James fell in sympathy with the spirit of the [[Transcendentalism|transcendental movement]] and joined the [[Brook Farm]] communal experiment from 1842 to 1843.<ref name="Lives of Eighteen from Princeton">Baker, Carlos. "Parke Godwin: Pathfinder in Politics and Journalism", ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=djBWgPsvr6wC&q=Parke+Godwin+journalist Lives of Eighteen from Princeton]''. Willard Thorp, editor. Princeton University Press, 1946: 220. {{ISBN|0-8369-0941-0}}</ref> After leaving Brook Farm, George spent two years in New York and [[Concord, Massachusetts]] to be close to [[Ralph Waldo Emerson]]. |
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==Career== |
==Career== |
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Curtis |
From 1846 to 1850, Curtis travelled through Europe, [[Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty|Egypt]] and [[Ottoman Syria|Syria]].{{sfn|Norton|1911}} His travels formed the basis for his first work as an author. He returned in 1850 and settled on [[Staten Island]] and began work as a lecturer. He obtained a post on the ''[[New-York Tribune]]'' and started work on ''[[Nile Notes of a Howadji]]'' (1851), a journal of his travels on the Nile. He became a favorite in New York City society.{{sfn|Norton|1911}} He wrote for ''[[Putnam's Magazine]]'' which he helped [[George Palmer Putnam]] to found. He became an associate editor along with [[Parke Godwin (journalist)|Parke Godwin]] and managing editor [[Charles Frederick Briggs]]; the three also collaborated on a [[gift book]] called ''The Homes of American Authors'' (1853).<ref name="Lives of Eighteen from Princeton"/> |
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Curtis produced a number of volumes, composed of essays written for ''Putnam's'' and for ''[[Harper's Weekly]]'', which came in rapid succession from his pen. The chief of these were the ''[[Potiphar Papers]]'' (1853), a satire on the fashionable society of the day; and ''Prue and I'' (1856), a pleasantly sentimental, fancifully tender and humorous study of life. In 1855 he married Anna Shaw, daughter of abolitionist Francis Shaw and sister of [[Robert Gould Shaw]] of the famed [[54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry]]. Not long afterwards he became, through no fault of his own, deeply involved in debt owing to the failure of ''Putnam's Magazine''; and his sense of honour compelled him to spend the greater part of his earnings for many years on discharging the obligations for which he had become responsible, and from which he might have freed himself by legal process. In the period just preceding the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], other interests became subordinate to those of national concern. He was involved in the founding of the Republican Party, and made his first important speech on the questions of the day at [[Wesleyan University]] in 1856; he engaged actively in John C. Fremont's presidential campaign of |
Curtis produced a number of volumes, composed of essays written for ''Putnam's'' and for ''[[Harper's Weekly]]'', which came in rapid succession from his pen. The chief of these were the ''[[Potiphar Papers]]'' (1853), a satire on the fashionable society of the day; and ''Prue and I'' (1856), a pleasantly sentimental, fancifully tender and humorous study of life. In 1855 he married Anna Shaw, daughter of abolitionist Francis Shaw and sister of [[Robert Gould Shaw]] of the famed [[54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry]]. Not long afterwards he became, through no fault of his own, deeply involved in debt owing to the failure of ''Putnam's Magazine''; and his sense of honour compelled him to spend the greater part of his earnings for many years on discharging the obligations for which he had become responsible, and from which he might have freed himself by legal process. In the period just preceding the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], other interests became subordinate to those of national concern. He was involved in the founding of the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]], and made his first important speech on the questions of the day at [[Wesleyan University]] in 1856; he engaged actively in [[John C. Fremont]]'s presidential campaign of 1856 (the Republican campaign headquarters were located not far from his Staten Island home), and was soon recognized not only as an effective public speaker, but also as one of the ablest, most high-minded, and most trustworthy leaders of public opinion.{{sfn|Norton|1911}} |
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In 1862 George William Curtis delivered his "Doctrine of Liberty" address to the [[Phi Beta Kappa Society]] at [[Harvard]], on behalf of President Lincoln, who was encouraging support for the Emancipation Proclamation. In it, he laid out the intellectual foundations for the purpose of American education that would last another |
In 1862 George William Curtis delivered his "Doctrine of Liberty" address to the [[Phi Beta Kappa Society]] at [[Harvard]], on behalf of President [[Abraham Lincoln]], who was encouraging support for the [[Emancipation Proclamation]]. In it, he laid out the intellectual foundations for the purpose of American education that would last another 30 years, and public schools, nearly 100 years.{{clarify|reason=What does this sentence mean?|date=April 2021}} |
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⚫ | In 1863 he became the political editor of ''[[Harper's Weekly]]'', which was highly influential in shaping public opinion. Curtis's writing was always clear and direct, displaying fairness of mind and good temper. He had high moral standards. From month to month he contributed to ''[[Harper's Magazine]]'', under the title of "The Easy Chair," brief essays on topics of social and literary interest, charming in style, touched with delicate humour and instinct with generous spirit. His service to the [[United States Republican Party|Republican]] party was such, that he was offered several nominations to office, and might have been sent as minister to England; but he refused all such offers, preferring to serve the country as editor and public speaker.{{sfn|Norton|1911}} |
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⚫ | In 1863 he became the |
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In 1871 he was appointed, by [[Ulysses S. Grant|President Ulysses S. Grant]], to chair the commission on the reform of the civil service. Its report was the foundation of every effort since made for the purification and regulation of the service and for the destruction of political patronage. From that time Curtis was the leader in this reform, and its progress is mainly due to him. He was president of the [[National Civil Service Reform League]] and of the New York Civil Service Reform Association. In 1884 he refused to support [[James Gillespie Blaine|James G. Blaine]] as candidate for the presidency, and thus broke with the Republican party, of which he had been a founder and leader. From that time he stood as the typical independent in politics. In April |
In 1871 he was appointed, by [[Ulysses S. Grant|President Ulysses S. Grant]], to chair the commission on the reform of the [[civil service]]. Its report was the foundation of every effort since made for the purification and regulation of the service and for the destruction of political patronage. From that time Curtis was the leader in this reform, and its progress is mainly due to him. He was president of the [[National Civil Service Reform League]] and of the New York Civil Service Reform Association. In 1884 he refused to support [[James Gillespie Blaine|James G. Blaine]] as candidate for the presidency, and thus broke with the Republican party, of which he had been a founder and leader. From that time he stood as the typical independent in politics. In 1892, he was elected to the [[American Philosophical Society]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=APS Member History |url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=George+W.+Curtis&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref> In April of that year, he delivered at Baltimore his eleventh annual address as president of the National Civil Service Reform League, and in May he appeared for the last time in public, to repeat in New York an address on [[James Russell Lowell]], which he had first delivered in Brooklyn on the 22nd of the preceding February, the anniversary of Lowell's birth.{{sfn|Norton|1911}} |
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Curtis was one of the original members of the Board of Education for what would become New York City, and advocated educational reforms. He was a member of and frequent speaker at the Unitarian Church on Staten Island (the congregation still meets in the same building). A high school not far from his home is named for him. He is also immortalized with an annual namesake oratorical prize awarded by [[Columbia College of Columbia University]]. |
Curtis was one of the original members of the Board of Education for what would become New York City, and advocated educational reforms. He was a member of and frequent speaker at the Unitarian Church on Staten Island (the congregation still meets in the same building). A high school not far from his home is named for him. He is also immortalized with an annual namesake oratorical prize awarded by [[Columbia College of Columbia University]]. |
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==Personal life and family== |
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He married Anna Shaw Curtis at the Unitarian Church of the Redeemer in 1856. Curtis, another [[New England]] transplant to [[Staten Island]], was a founding member of the Unitarian Church of Staten Island (originally the Unitarian Church of the Redeemer), an author, editor of ''[[Putnam's Magazine]]'', and columnist for ''[[Harper's Weekly]]''. |
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The Curtis and Shaw families counted Emerson, [[Nathaniel Hawthorne]] and [[Henry David Thoreau]] among their close associates.<ref>This history was adapted from writings of UCSI Minister Emeritus Benjamin Bortin; Bradford Green, UCSI historian; and Susan McAnanama, long-time congregation member. To learn more about the church's history download this PDF.</ref> |
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The [[Underground Railroad]] was in use during the 1850s to help [[runaway slaves]], and it is believed that the Curtises and the Shaws were very involved in the Railroad. The Shaw sisters, Anna and Josephine, and their mother, Sarah Sturgis, also spearheaded local efforts to help during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. George Curtis was targeted by Southern sympathizers, and Anna and her three children left Staten Island temporarily during the [[New York City draft riots]] in 1863 for the safety of her grandparents’ home in [[Roxbury, Massachusetts]].{{citation needed|date=April 2021}} |
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==Works== |
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* ''Notes of a Howadji'' (1851) |
* ''Notes of a Howadji'' (1851) |
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* ''The Howadji in Syria'' (1852) |
* ''The Howadji in Syria'' (1852) |
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* ''Lotus-Eating'' (1852) |
* ''Lotus-Eating'' (1852) |
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* ''Potiphar Papers'' (1853) |
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* ''Potiphar Papers'' (1853) ([http://www.gutenberg.net/etext04/8ptph10.txt Project Gutenberg text]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}) |
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* ''The Duty of the American Scholar to Politics and the Times'' (1856) |
* ''The Duty of the American Scholar to Politics and the Times'' (1856) |
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* ''Prue and I'' (1856) |
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* ''Prue and I'' (1856) ([http://www.gutenberg.net/etext05/8prue10.txt Project Gutenberg text]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}) |
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* ''Trumps'' (1862) |
* ''Trumps'' (1862) |
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* ''Washington Irving: A Sketch'' (1891) |
* ''Washington Irving: A Sketch'' (1891) |
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* ''Essays from the Easy Chair'' (1892) |
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* ''Essays from the Easy Chair'' (1893) ([http://www.gutenberg.net/etext05/easch10h.htm Project Gutenberg text]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}) |
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* ''Other Essays from the Easy Chair'' (1893) |
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* ''Orations And Addresses'' (1894) |
* ''Orations And Addresses'' (1894) |
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* ''Literary and Social Essays'' (1895) |
* ''Literary and Social Essays'' (1895) |
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* ''Early Letters of George Wm. Curtis to John S. Dwight: Brook Farm and Concord'' (1898) |
* ''Early Letters of George Wm. Curtis to John S. Dwight: Brook Farm and Concord'' (1898) |
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* ''Ars Recte Vivendi'' (1898) |
* ''Ars Recte Vivendi'' (1898) |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Curtis High School]] |
*[[Curtis High School]] on Staten Island is named for him. It was built in 1904. |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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{{Reflist|30em}} |
{{Reflist|30em}} |
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'''Attribution:''' |
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{{EB1911|wstitle=Curtis, George William}} |
*{{EB1911|wstitle=Curtis, George William|volume=7|page=652|first=Charles Eliot|last=Norton|author-link=Charles Eliot Norton}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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* ''George William Curtis'', by Edward Cary, in the ''American Men of Letters'' series (Boston, 1894) |
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*{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Curtis, George William}} |
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* ''George William Curtis'', by [[ |
* ''An Epistle to George William Curtis'', by [[James Russell Lowell]] (1874–1887), in Lowell's ''Poems'' |
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* ''[[An Epistle to George William Curtis]]'', by [[James Russell Lowell]] (1874–1887), in Lowell's ''Poems'' |
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* ''George William Curtis, a Commemorative Address delivered before [[The Century Association]], December 17, 1892'', by [[Parke Godwin (journalist)|Parke Godwin]] (New York, 1893) |
* ''George William Curtis, a Commemorative Address delivered before [[The Century Association]], December 17, 1892'', by [[Parke Godwin (journalist)|Parke Godwin]] (New York, 1893) |
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* ''Orations and Addresses by George William Curtis'', edited by [[Charles Eliot Norton]] (5 vols. New York, 1894). |
* ''Orations and Addresses by George William Curtis'', edited by [[Charles Eliot Norton]] (5 vols. New York, 1894). |
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* {{cite Appletons|wstitle = Curtis, George William}} |
* {{cite Appletons|wstitle = Curtis, George William}} |
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*''[https://www.amazon.com/Galahad-Gilded-Age-George-William/dp/1664153942/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1624391415&sr=1-1 Galahad in the Gilded Age: A Life of George William Curtis]'', Linda Dowling. 528 pp. (United States: Xlibris, 2021) |
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==External links== |
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{{wikisource author}} |
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* {{Gutenberg author |id= |
* {{Gutenberg author |id=2048 | name=George William Curtis}} |
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* {{Internet Archive author |sname=George William Curtis |sopt=t}} |
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=George William Curtis |sopt=t}} |
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* {{Librivox author |id=1945}} |
* {{Librivox author |id=1945}} |
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Revision as of 15:53, 4 April 2024
George William Curtis | |
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Born | February 24, 1824 Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.[1] |
Died | August 31, 1892 New York City, New York, U.S. | (aged 68)
Nationality | American |
Occupation(s) | Writer, editor |
Political party | Republican |
Signature | |
George William Curtis (February 24, 1824 – August 31, 1892) was an American writer, reformer, public speaker, and political activist. He was an abolitionist and supporter of civil rights for African Americans and Native Americans. He also advocated women's suffrage, civil service reform, and public education.[citation needed]
Early life and education
This section needs additional citations for verification. (April 2021) |
George William Curtis was born in Providence, Rhode Island on February 24, 1824.[2] His father was also named George Curtis. His mother, Mary Elizabeth (Burrill) Curtis, was the daughter of former United States Senator James Burrill Jr. and died when the infant George was two years old.
At six, George was sent with his elder brother James Burrill Curtis to school in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, where he remained for five years. In 1835, his father having remarried happily, the boys were brought home to Providence, where they stayed until around 1839, when they moved with their father to New York. Three years later, George and James fell in sympathy with the spirit of the transcendental movement and joined the Brook Farm communal experiment from 1842 to 1843.[3] After leaving Brook Farm, George spent two years in New York and Concord, Massachusetts to be close to Ralph Waldo Emerson.
Career
From 1846 to 1850, Curtis travelled through Europe, Egypt and Syria.[4] His travels formed the basis for his first work as an author. He returned in 1850 and settled on Staten Island and began work as a lecturer. He obtained a post on the New-York Tribune and started work on Nile Notes of a Howadji (1851), a journal of his travels on the Nile. He became a favorite in New York City society.[4] He wrote for Putnam's Magazine which he helped George Palmer Putnam to found. He became an associate editor along with Parke Godwin and managing editor Charles Frederick Briggs; the three also collaborated on a gift book called The Homes of American Authors (1853).[3]
Curtis produced a number of volumes, composed of essays written for Putnam's and for Harper's Weekly, which came in rapid succession from his pen. The chief of these were the Potiphar Papers (1853), a satire on the fashionable society of the day; and Prue and I (1856), a pleasantly sentimental, fancifully tender and humorous study of life. In 1855 he married Anna Shaw, daughter of abolitionist Francis Shaw and sister of Robert Gould Shaw of the famed 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. Not long afterwards he became, through no fault of his own, deeply involved in debt owing to the failure of Putnam's Magazine; and his sense of honour compelled him to spend the greater part of his earnings for many years on discharging the obligations for which he had become responsible, and from which he might have freed himself by legal process. In the period just preceding the Civil War, other interests became subordinate to those of national concern. He was involved in the founding of the Republican Party, and made his first important speech on the questions of the day at Wesleyan University in 1856; he engaged actively in John C. Fremont's presidential campaign of 1856 (the Republican campaign headquarters were located not far from his Staten Island home), and was soon recognized not only as an effective public speaker, but also as one of the ablest, most high-minded, and most trustworthy leaders of public opinion.[4]
In 1862 George William Curtis delivered his "Doctrine of Liberty" address to the Phi Beta Kappa Society at Harvard, on behalf of President Abraham Lincoln, who was encouraging support for the Emancipation Proclamation. In it, he laid out the intellectual foundations for the purpose of American education that would last another 30 years, and public schools, nearly 100 years.[clarification needed]
In 1863 he became the political editor of Harper's Weekly, which was highly influential in shaping public opinion. Curtis's writing was always clear and direct, displaying fairness of mind and good temper. He had high moral standards. From month to month he contributed to Harper's Magazine, under the title of "The Easy Chair," brief essays on topics of social and literary interest, charming in style, touched with delicate humour and instinct with generous spirit. His service to the Republican party was such, that he was offered several nominations to office, and might have been sent as minister to England; but he refused all such offers, preferring to serve the country as editor and public speaker.[4]
In 1871 he was appointed, by President Ulysses S. Grant, to chair the commission on the reform of the civil service. Its report was the foundation of every effort since made for the purification and regulation of the service and for the destruction of political patronage. From that time Curtis was the leader in this reform, and its progress is mainly due to him. He was president of the National Civil Service Reform League and of the New York Civil Service Reform Association. In 1884 he refused to support James G. Blaine as candidate for the presidency, and thus broke with the Republican party, of which he had been a founder and leader. From that time he stood as the typical independent in politics. In 1892, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society.[5] In April of that year, he delivered at Baltimore his eleventh annual address as president of the National Civil Service Reform League, and in May he appeared for the last time in public, to repeat in New York an address on James Russell Lowell, which he had first delivered in Brooklyn on the 22nd of the preceding February, the anniversary of Lowell's birth.[4]
Curtis was one of the original members of the Board of Education for what would become New York City, and advocated educational reforms. He was a member of and frequent speaker at the Unitarian Church on Staten Island (the congregation still meets in the same building). A high school not far from his home is named for him. He is also immortalized with an annual namesake oratorical prize awarded by Columbia College of Columbia University.
Personal life and family
He married Anna Shaw Curtis at the Unitarian Church of the Redeemer in 1856. Curtis, another New England transplant to Staten Island, was a founding member of the Unitarian Church of Staten Island (originally the Unitarian Church of the Redeemer), an author, editor of Putnam's Magazine, and columnist for Harper's Weekly.
The Curtis and Shaw families counted Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Henry David Thoreau among their close associates.[6]
The Underground Railroad was in use during the 1850s to help runaway slaves, and it is believed that the Curtises and the Shaws were very involved in the Railroad. The Shaw sisters, Anna and Josephine, and their mother, Sarah Sturgis, also spearheaded local efforts to help during the Civil War. George Curtis was targeted by Southern sympathizers, and Anna and her three children left Staten Island temporarily during the New York City draft riots in 1863 for the safety of her grandparents’ home in Roxbury, Massachusetts.[citation needed]
Works
- Notes of a Howadji (1851)
- The Howadji in Syria (1852)
- Lotus-Eating (1852)
- Potiphar Papers (1853)
- The Duty of the American Scholar to Politics and the Times (1856)
- Prue and I (1856)
- Trumps (1862)
- Washington Irving: A Sketch (1891)
- Essays from the Easy Chair (1892)
- Other Essays from the Easy Chair (1893)
- Orations And Addresses (1894)
- Literary and Social Essays (1895)
- Early Letters of George Wm. Curtis to John S. Dwight: Brook Farm and Concord (1898)
- Ars Recte Vivendi (1898)
See also
- Curtis High School on Staten Island is named for him. It was built in 1904.
Notes
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
- ^ Ehrlich, Eugene and Gorton Carruth. The Oxford Illustrated Literary Guide to the United States. New York: Oxford University Press,1982: 71. ISBN 0-19-503186-5
- ^ a b Baker, Carlos. "Parke Godwin: Pathfinder in Politics and Journalism", Lives of Eighteen from Princeton. Willard Thorp, editor. Princeton University Press, 1946: 220. ISBN 0-8369-0941-0
- ^ a b c d e Norton 1911.
- ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved April 4, 2024.
- ^ This history was adapted from writings of UCSI Minister Emeritus Benjamin Bortin; Bradford Green, UCSI historian; and Susan McAnanama, long-time congregation member. To learn more about the church's history download this PDF.
Attribution:
- public domain: Norton, Charles Eliot (1911). "Curtis, George William". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 652. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
References
- George William Curtis, by Edward Cary, in the American Men of Letters series (Boston, 1894)
- An Epistle to George William Curtis, by James Russell Lowell (1874–1887), in Lowell's Poems
- George William Curtis, a Commemorative Address delivered before The Century Association, December 17, 1892, by Parke Godwin (New York, 1893)
- Orations and Addresses by George William Curtis, edited by Charles Eliot Norton (5 vols. New York, 1894).
- Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1900). . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
- Galahad in the Gilded Age: A Life of George William Curtis, Linda Dowling. 528 pp. (United States: Xlibris, 2021)
External links
- Works by George William Curtis at Project Gutenberg
- Works by or about George William Curtis at the Internet Archive
- Works by George William Curtis at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
- George William Curtis Papers (MS Am 1124.5-1124.8) at Houghton Library, Harvard University.
- 1824 births
- 1892 deaths
- 19th-century American essayists
- 19th-century American journalists
- 19th-century American male writers
- 19th-century American non-fiction writers
- 19th-century Unitarians
- Activists for African-American civil rights
- American abolitionists
- American magazine editors
- American male essayists
- American male journalists
- American male non-fiction writers
- American satirists
- Suffragists from New York (state)
- American Unitarians
- Civil service reform in the United States
- Comedians from New York (state)
- Journalists from New York City
- Native Americans' rights activists
- New York (state) Republicans
- People from Jamaica Plain
- People from Livingston, Staten Island
- Rhode Island Republicans
- Journalists from Boston
- Writers from Providence, Rhode Island
- Harper's Weekly editors
- Comedians from Rhode Island
- Members of the American Philosophical Society