Imperial College School of Medicine

Imperial College School of Medicine

File:Icsm.jpg
Type	Medical school
Established	1818 Charing Cross Hospital Medical School 1834 Westminster Hospital Medical School 1854 St Mary's Hospital Medical School 1984 Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School 1997 Imperial College School of Medicine
Undergraduates	2200
Postgraduates	240
Location	London , England
Colours	Dark Blue, Red, Pale Blue, Gold
Affiliations	Imperial College London
Website	http://www1.imperial.ac.uk/medicine

The Imperial College School of Medicine (ICSM) is the medical school of Imperial College London in England, and one of the United Hospitals.

Founded as a result of merging several notable hospitals in London, it now comprises core campuses at South Kensington, St Mary's Hospital, London, Charing Cross Hospital and Chelsea and Westminster Hospital.

Ranked 3rd in the UK and 17th in the world among medical schools on the THES QS 2009 rankings - Biomedicine & Life Science, the school is especially known for its heart and lung transplant surgery skills lead by Sir Magdi Yacoub, rheumatology treatments by Marc Feldmann, and recent robot-assisted surgery techniques by world leading surgeon Baron Ara Darzi.

Overview

Imperial College London first gained a medical school by merger with St Mary's Medical School in 1988. The current School of Medicine was formed in 1997 by the merger of St Mary's Medical School with Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School (formerly Charing Cross Hospital Medical School and Westminster Hospital Medical School), the Royal Postgraduate Medical School and the National Heart and Lung Institute.

Imperial College School of Medicine is organised into 8 divisions: Clinical Sciences, Epidemiology Public Health and Primary Care, Investigative Science, Medicine, Neuroscience and Mental Health, Surgery Oncology Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, National Heart and Lung Institute, and the Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology.

Unlike several other medical schools in the UK which are part of a Life Sciences Department or similar, ICSM belongs to its own Faculty of Medicine. Furthermore, the School runs a number of courses besides the standard MBBS degree programme. Teaching hospitals of the School are part of the Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, which was formed in 2007 and is the UK's first academic health science centre. All undergraduate students within the Faculty of Medicine (including Biomedical Science and Pharmacology BScs) are supported by the Imperial College School of Medicine Students' Union. The Faculty of Medicine also offers postgraduate MSc, MRes and PhD programmes, but these fall under the Graduate School of Life Sciences and Medicine, not the School of Medicine.

Campuses and Constituent Hospitals

The School's teaching campuses include:

• Undergraduate campus
  • South Kensington campus - Sir Alexander Fleming Building
  • Charing Cross Hospital campus

• Main Teaching Hospitals
  • Charing Cross Hospital
  • St Mary's Hospital, London
  • Chelsea & Westminster Hospital

Students in the 1st and 2nd years as well as those on the BSc courses attend lectures and labs mainly at these four campuses. Parts of the 4th year, as well as other selected modules are also held at the postgraduate hospitals.

• Postgraduate Hospitals
  • Hammersmith Hospital
  • Royal Brompton Hospital
  • Harefield Hospital
  • Queen Charlotte's & Chelsea Hospital
  • Western Eye Hospital

• District General Hospitals
  • Central Middlesex Hospital
  • Ealing Hospital
  • Hillingdon Hospital
  • Mount Vernon Hospital
  • Northwick Park Hospital
  • St. Mark's Hospital
  • West Middlesex Hospital
  • Ashford & St Peter's Hospitals

Clinical attachments and teaching in years 2 (three weeks), 3 (thirty weeks), 5 and 6 (all year) are held at these hospitals. These hospitals also have small research divisions which are part of the Faculty of Medicine.

Undergraduate courses

The School runs 6 undergraduate courses.

Medicine

For 2010 entry, the School accepts 286 school leavers as medical undergraduates each year (including 21 from outside the EU) for a six-year course leading to the award of an MBBS and BSc. Fifty graduates (including ten from outside the EU) are accepted for the four-year course that leads to the MBBS.

Entry is highly competitive with applicants requiring AAAb or AAAC at A-level, or a 2:1 degree and/or PhD in a biological subject for graduate entry. Further, the BMAT is required for entry to the six-year course and UKCAT for the four-year course, as well as an interview. For 2008 entry, there were approximately 3000 applicants for the six-year and 500 for the four-year course, an average acceptance rate of 1 in 10. However, medical students from other institutions may also join various portions of the course.

Six-year MBBS/BSc

Teaching in the first two years is focused on the scientific basis of medicine with study focussing on a systems-based format, moving towards integrated disease and including clinical aspects later on. It also includes communication skills, medical ethics and law. Teaching comprises lectures, clinical demonstrations, tutorials, dissection, computer workshops, laboratory practical and clinical skills classes, independent study, and some problem-based learning.

Clinical experience in first year is provided by a patient contact course and in the second year with a three-week attachment in general medicine or surgery at one of the attached teaching hospitals.

Third year consists of three ten-week attachments in general medicine and surgery. Teaching consists of in-hospital clinical teaching, problem based learning within firms and a lecture programme delivered at one of the central teaching sites and via the faculty intranet. This year also consists of a 3 week background to clinical specialties course.

Fourth year involves study for the BSc, with a series of modules then a supervised research project towards an area of interest, leading to a BSc (Hons) in Medical Sciences with one of the following: Cardiovascular sciences; Endocrinology; Gastroenterology and hepatology; Haematology; Immunity and infection; Management; Neuroscience and mental health; Reproductive and developmental sciences; Respiratory science; Surgery and anaesthesia. In addition, the following courses are available instead of undertaking a research project: Medical humanities, History of medicine, Epidemiology and international health. BSc courses that have available places after Imperial students have been allocated are open to medical students from other universities who wish to intercalate.

Fifth year covers the specialties of obstetrics and gynaecology, paediatrics, psychiatry, oncology, general practice, critical care, neurology, infectious diseases, dermatology, rheumatology and orthopaedics through clinical attachments. It includes a course in clinical pathology at the start of the year.

Final year consists of seven three-week clinical attachments in accident and emergency medicine; general practice; cardiology; radiology; ear, nose and throat; ophthalmology and renal medicine; two professional work experience attachments (one in medicine and one in surgery); one specialty choice module; an eight week elective period which may be spent in the UK or overseas, and a practical medicine course, which provides specific preparation for the foundation year after graduation.

Oxbridge entry

Historically, all Oxbridge students completed their clinical training at one of the London medical schools. Although those universities now have their own clinical schools, Imperial accepts students who have completed the first three pre-clinical years at the University of Oxford or the University of Cambridge. Oxbridge students join the third year of the undergraduate course. This begins with a 10-week attachment to bring their clinical experience into line with that of other Imperial students, then joining the rest of the undergraduate year for two further 10 week attachment. After this, they progress to the fifth and sixth years of the standard course.

Four-year graduate-entry MBBS

Despite only accepting graduates, this is still considered an undergraduate course. The first year consists of years 1 and 2 of the six-year course condensed into one. The second, third and fourth years of the graduate-entry course correspond to the third, fifth and final years of the six-year course respectively.

BSc courses

The School offers two BSc courses in conjunction with the Department of Life Sciences. Administratively, these are offshoots of the BSc in Biology and taught mainly by staff from the Faculty of Natural Sciences. However, plant or animal-related modules are replaced by modules on medical topics some of which are derived from the pre-clinical 1st, 2nd and 4th years of the standard medical course, and some of which have been newly designed for these degrees.

Biomedical Science

This three-year degree commenced in 2006 and accepts 50 students per year. Although a four-year undergraduate Master's (MSci) was initially offered, students would not have been awarded the BSc. In 2008, the MSci was withdrawn and instead, students who achieve a 2:1 average by their second year will be guaranteed a place on one of the School's MSc taught courses, thus obtaining a BSc and an MSc in four years to comply with the Bologna process.

The entry requirements were ABB in 2006, and 800 applications were received for the 50 places. In 2007, they were raised to AAB and 1500 applications were received. For 2008 and beyond offers of AAAb will be made, and beginning with 2009 entry the BMAT will also be required.

In the first year, students follow the Biological Chemistry and Cell Biology modules from the Biology degree, and newly developed modules on human anatomy and systems physiology drawn from years 1, 2 and 4 of the medical course. Short courses on bacteriology and animal behaviour are also given from the Biology degree.

In the second year, students again follow the 2nd year of the Biology degree completing the Applied Molecular Biology, Immunology, Genetics or Parasitology, Tutored Dissertation and compulsory humanities modules. However, instead of the animal, plant and microbiological modules of the biology degree, students attend the newly developed Human Pathophysiology and Disease course which comprises basic pharmacology (from medicine year 2), ethics, epidemiology, radiology, cancer and other human diseases.

In the third year, students take one of the BSc modules from Year 4 of the medical course, followed by a research project. These Medicine modules (including Management) may be combined with or replaced by modules from Biology and Biochemistry degrees.

Pharmacology and Translational Medical Science

This three- or four-year degree will commence in the 2009 entry cycle. Previously, the School intended to expand the Biomedical Science BSc to an intake of 100 students per year, but this will remain at 50 and the 50 new places will instead be available on this new degree course. Applicants are required to have AAAb and to take the BMAT, in common with the medical and biomedical courses.

The first year will be similar to the Biomedical Science course (and thus also based on the Biology BSc and preclinical medical course). However, instead of bacteriology and animal behavior, students will take new modules in Basic pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics and Drug discovery and drug development.

The second year will also be shared with the Biomedical Science course but not with the Biology course. Students will take the Human Pathphysiology and Disease module as well as new modules in Basic, Systematic and Experimental Pharmacology. Additionally, there are choices between Molecular pharmacology or toxicology, and Drugs and the hospitalised patient or drug resistance.

The optional third year will be a Year in Industry where students undertake 12-month placements with commercial partners of Imperial College.

The final year will have the same format as Year 4 of the medical course, involving BSc taught modules and the research project. However a new set of taught modules will be offered with a pharmalogical focus, and the project will also be pharmacologically related. Students may also take one module from some the medical BSc courses.

ICSM Students' Union

Main article: Imperial College School of Medicine Students' Union

In contrast to other British universities where medical students may merely be part of a "MedSoc", the School of Medicine has its own complete union. Imperial College School of Medicine Students' Union is a subsidiary part of Imperial College Union, and medical and BSc students are members of both. As such, they may join any of the 300 ICU clubs and societies and take up positions of responsibility in them. However, over 40 of these clubs and societies are under the direct jurisdiction of ICSMSU. Further, the medical students' union also owns the Reynolds building at the Charing Cross Hospital campus, as medical students live or spend more time around that area than the South Kensington campus. The Reynolds Bar represents the heart and soul of ICSM, and regularly plays host to themed parties or "Bops". It also fulfils the role of a normal student bar, where medical students can congregate and socialise whilst enjoying the occasional pint at a lower price than the average London pub.

Alumni

The ICSM Alumni Association was founded in 2004 with the graduation of the first cohort of ICSM doctors. Still in its infancy, it is jointly run with help from ICSMSU and members of the alumni. The association aims to provide funding for the clubs and societies of the medical school, as well as offer support to students.

Two other alumni associations also exist for graduates of the original medical schools - the St Mary's Assocation and the Charing Cross and Westminster Alumni.

Notable Alumni

The list below, including five Nobel Laureates in Physiology and Medicine, shows the notable past or current staffs and alumni from Imperial College School of Medicine or from the various institutions which are now part of it.

• Lord Ara Darzi (Baron Darzi of Denham, Parliamentary Under-Secretary, Leading Surgeon)
• Sir Frederick Hopkins (Nobel Laureate, Physiology and Medicine)
• Sir Ernst Chain (Nobel Laureate, Physiology and Medicine)
• Sir Andrew Huxley (Nobel Laureate, Physiology and Medicine)
• Sir Rodney Robert Porter (Nobel Laureate, Physiology and Medicine)
• Sir Alexander Fleming (Nobel Laureate, Physiology and Medicine)
• Sir Malcolm Green (inorganic chemist)
• Sir Joseph Fayrer (physician noted for his writings on medicine in India)
• Sir Bruce Keogh (medical director of the National Health Service)
• Sir Magdi Yacoub (expert on live lobe lung transplant)
• Sir Bernard Spilsbury (pathologist and one of the pioneers of modern forensic medicine)
• Sir Almroth Wright (advanced vaccination through the use of autogenous vaccines)
• Sir William Stanley Peart (Buchanan Medalist)
• Dame Julia Polak (tissue engineer)
• Dame Rosalind Hurley (medical microbiologist, researcher, and ethicist)
• Thomas Huxley (notable biologist)
• Carl Djerassi (chemist; first oral contraceptive pill progestin norethindrone)
• David Livingstone (congregationalist pioneer medical missionary in South Africa-Charing Cross Hospital)
• Marc Feldmann (expert on rheumatology)
• John Henry (clinical toxicologist who did crucial work on poisoning and drug overdose)
• Albert Neuberger (chemical pathologist)
• Joseph Toynbee (otologist)
• Augustus Waller (the invention of the electrocardiogram (ECG))
• Christine Moffatt (nurse in leg ulcer care)
• William Kitchen Parker (physician and zoologist)
• Ann Redgrave (orthopaedic surgery)
• N.H. Ashton (ophthalmologist)

External links

• Official website
• ICSM Students' Union
• Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
• ICSM Alumni Association