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Coordinates: 27°9′13″N 13°12′12″W / 27.15361°N 13.20333°W / 27.15361; -13.20333
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'''Laâyoune''' ({{IPAc-en|l|ɑː|ˈ|j|uː|n}} {{respell|lah|YOON}},<ref>{{Cite Oxford Dictionaries|Laayoune|access-date=17 August 2019}}</ref><ref name="MW">{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Laayoune|access-date=17 August 2019}}</ref> <small>also</small> {{IPAc-en|UK|l|aɪ|ˈ|-}} {{respell|ly|-}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/laayoune|title=Laâyoune|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=17 August 2019}}</ref> {{IPA-fr|la.ajun|lang}}) or '''El Aaiún''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɛ|l|_|aɪ|ˈ|(|j|)|uː|n}} {{respell|EL|_|eye|(Y)OON}},<ref name="MW"/><ref>{{Cite Oxford Dictionaries|el-Aaiún|access-date=17 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/el-aaiun|title=El Aaiún|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=17 August 2019}}</ref> {{IPA-es|el (a)aˈʝun|lang}}; [[Hassaniya Arabic]]: {{lang|mey|لعيون}}, <small>romanized:</small> {{transl|mey|Laʕyūn/Elʕyūn}}; {{lang-ber|ⵍⵄⵢⵓⵏ|Leɛyun}}; {{lang-ar|label=[[Modern Standard Arabic|Literary Arabic]]|العيون|al-ʿUyūn|lit=The [[Spring (hydrology)|Springs]]}}) is the largest city of the disputed territory of [[Western Sahara]], with a population of 217,732 in 2014, and de facto administered by [[Morocco]]. The modern city is thought to have been founded by the [[Spain|Spanish]] captain [[:es:Antonio de Oro|Antonio de Oro]] in 1938.<ref>{{cite news|title=El Lawrence de Arabia Español|url=http://www.elmundo.es/magazine/2005/278/1106337900.html|author=Francisco López Barrios|publisher=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|date=2005-01-23|access-date=2013-02-11|language=es}}</ref> In 1940, Spain designated it as the capital of the [[Spanish Sahara]]. Laâyoune (El Aaiún) is the capital of the ''[[Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra]]'' region administered by Morocco under the supervision of the UN peace-keeping mission in Western Sahara ([[Minurso|MINURSO]]).
'''Laâyoune''' or '''El Aaiún''' ({{lang-ber|ⵍⵄⵢⵓⵏ|Leɛyun}}; {{lang-ar|label=[[Modern Standard Arabic|Arabic]]|العيون|al-ʿUyūn}}) is the largest city of the disputed territory of [[Western Sahara]], with a population of 217,732 in 2014, and de facto administered by [[Morocco]]. The modern city is thought to have been founded by the [[Spain|Spanish]] captain [[:es:Antonio de Oro|Antonio de Oro]] in 1938.<ref>{{cite news|title=El Lawrence de Arabia Español|url=http://www.elmundo.es/magazine/2005/278/1106337900.html|author=Francisco López Barrios|publisher=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|date=2005-01-23|access-date=2013-02-11|language=es}}</ref> In 1940, Spain designated it as the capital of the [[Spanish Sahara]]. Laâyoune (El Aaiún) is the capital of the ''[[Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra]]'' region administered by Morocco under the supervision of the UN peace-keeping mission in Western Sahara ([[Minurso|MINURSO]]).


The town is divided in two by the dry river of [[Saguia el-Hamra (river)|Saguia el-Hamra]]. On the south side is the old lower town, constructed by Spanish colonists. A cathedral from that era is still active; its priests serve this city and [[Dakhla, Western Sahara|Dakhla]] further south.
The town is divided in two by the dry river of [[Saguia el-Hamra (river)|Saguia el-Hamra]]. On the south side is the old lower town, constructed by Spanish colonists. A cathedral from that era is still active; its priests serve this city and [[Dakhla, Western Sahara|Dakhla]] further south.

Revision as of 20:13, 14 January 2021

"Ayun" redirects here. For other uses, see Ayun (disambiguation).
"El Aioun" redirects here. For the city in north-eastern Morocco, see El Aioun Sidi Mellouk. For the town in Mauritania, see El Aioun, Mauritania.
Laâyoune
لعيون (Hassaniyya)
ⵍⵄⵢⵓⵏ (Berber languages)
El Aaiún
Laâyoune is located in Western Sahara
Laâyoune
Laâyoune
Location in Western Sahara
Laâyoune is located in Africa
Laâyoune
Laâyoune
Laâyoune (Africa)
Coordinates: 27°9′13″N 13°12′12″W / 27.15361°N 13.20333°W / 27.15361; -13.20333
Non-Self-Governing TerritoryWestern Sahara
RegionLaâyoune-Sakia El Hamra
ProvinceLaâyoune
Settled1934
Founded1938
Area
 • Total21 km2 (8 sq mi)
Population
 (2014)[1]
 • Total217,732
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)

Laâyoune or El Aaiún (Berber languages: ⵍⵄⵢⵓⵏ, romanized: Leɛyun; Arabic: العيون, romanized: al-ʿUyūn) is the largest city of the disputed territory of Western Sahara, with a population of 217,732 in 2014, and de facto administered by Morocco. The modern city is thought to have been founded by the Spanish captain Antonio de Oro in 1938.[2] In 1940, Spain designated it as the capital of the Spanish Sahara. Laâyoune (El Aaiún) is the capital of the Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra region administered by Morocco under the supervision of the UN peace-keeping mission in Western Sahara (MINURSO).

The town is divided in two by the dry river of Saguia el-Hamra. On the south side is the old lower town, constructed by Spanish colonists. A cathedral from that era is still active; its priests serve this city and Dakhla further south.

History

See also: Zemla Intifada

Etymology

Laâyoune or El Aaiún are respectively the French and Spanish transliterations of the Maghrebi Arabic name Layoun which means "the water springs".

Zemla uprising

The town was the scene of the Zemla Intifada that occurred on June 17, 1970 that culminated in a massacre, resulting in the deaths ranging from 2 to 11 people.

Geography

Climate

Laayoune has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh), moderated by the Canary Current with an average annual temperature of 20 °C (68 °F).

Climate data for Laayoune
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 22.0
(71.6) 		22.6
(72.7) 		23.7
(74.7) 		23.9
(75.0) 		25.4
(77.7) 		26.4
(79.5) 		28.8
(83.8) 		29.6
(85.3) 		29.2
(84.6) 		28.1
(82.6) 		25.0
(77.0) 		20.5
(68.9) 		25.4
(77.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 16.0
(60.8) 		16.7
(62.1) 		17.9
(64.2) 		18.6
(65.5) 		20.3
(68.5) 		21.4
(70.5) 		23.3
(73.9) 		23.9
(75.0) 		23.3
(73.9) 		22.3
(72.1) 		20.1
(68.2) 		15.4
(59.7) 		19.9
(67.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 10.0
(50.0) 		10.8
(51.4) 		12.2
(54.0) 		13.4
(56.1) 		15.2
(59.4) 		16.5
(61.7) 		17.9
(64.2) 		18.3
(64.9) 		17.4
(63.3) 		16.6
(61.9) 		15.3
(59.5) 		10.3
(50.5) 		14.5
(58.1)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 3
(0.1) 		2
(0.1) 		1
(0.0) 		1
(0.0) 		0
(0) 		1
(0.0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		4
(0.2) 		7
(0.3) 		8
(0.3) 		27
(1)
Source: Climate-data.com [3]

Demographics

Laayoune has a population of 217,732[1] and is the largest city in Western Sahara. It is a growing economic hub.

Year Population
1982 (Census) 93,875[4]
1994 (Census) 136,950[4]
2004 (Census) 183,691[4]
2014 (Census) 217,732[4]

Economy and status

The city is a hub for fishing and for phosphate mining in the region.[5] In 2010, the country was negotiating a new fishing agreement with Europe over offshore fishing.

Sport

The football club of the city is Jeunesse Massira. The club plays in the Moroccan Premier League, the highest football league in the country. Jeunesse Massira uses Stade Sheikh Mohamed Laghdaf for training and games.

Transport

Laayoune is served by Hassan I Airport.

Education

There is a Spanish international school, Colegio Español La Paz, owned by the Spanish government. It occupies a 17,000-square-metre (180,000 sq ft) property. In 2015 the parents' association, Asociación de Madres, Padres y Tutores de Alumnos del Colegio Español La Paz (AMPA), asked for the establishment of secondary education so their children would not have to go to Las Palmas or Morocco to continue their education.[6]

Diplomatic missions

On 18 December 2019, Comoros became the first nation to open a consulate in Laayoune in support of Moroccan claims to Western Sahara.[7] In January 2020, Gabon opened a consulate general in Laayoune.[8] Later on, São Tomé and Príncipe,[9] the Central African Republic,[10] Ivory Coast,[11] Burundi,[12] Eswatini,[13] Zambia,[14] the United Arab Emirates,[15] and Bahrain,[16] also opened consulates in Laayoune.

  • Mosque of Moulay Abd el Aziz
    Mosque of Moulay Abd el Aziz
  • The old Spanish Cathedral of Saint Francis of Assisi, chiefly serves European UN personnel
    The old Spanish Cathedral of Saint Francis of Assisi, chiefly serves European UN personnel
  • Avenue Makkah al-Mukarramah
    Avenue Makkah al-Mukarramah
  • Monumental arch near the airport
    Monumental arch near the airport
  • Road To Laayone Port, the roads are well developed.
    Road To Laayone Port, the roads are well developed.
  • A Royal Air Maroc At Hassan I Airport.
    A Royal Air Maroc At Hassan I Airport.
  • Laayoune bus station.
    Laayoune bus station.

Twin towns and sister cities

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "POPULATION LÉGALE DES RÉGIONS, PROVINCES, PRÉFECTURES, MUNICIPALITÉS, ARRONDISSEMENTS ET COMMUNES DU ROYAUME D'APRÈS LES RÉSULTATS DU RGPH 2014" (in Arabic and French). High Commission for Planning, Morocco. 8 April 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  2. ^ Francisco López Barrios (2005-01-23). "El Lawrence de Arabia Español" (in Spanish). El Mundo. Retrieved 2013-02-11.
  3. ^ "Climate: Laayoune".
  4. ^ a b c d "Western Sahara: Provinces & Urban Communes - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  5. ^ "Diplomacy over Western Sahara: 'Morocco v Algeria'". The Economist. 4 November 2010.
  6. ^ Santana, Txema. "El colegio español en El Aaiún pide ciclo de secundaria" (Archive). El País. April 10, 2015. Retrieved on May 1, 2016. "Lagadaf Lahsen, presidente del AMPA del centro educativo, asegura que es “la única forma de evitar” que sus hijos “se vayan a otras ciudades de Marruecos o a Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, además de que no se pierda el español en el Sáhara”." and "[...]una instalación de 17.000 metros cuadrados que es propiedad del Estado español[...]"
  7. ^ "First foreign diplomatic post opens in Western Sahara". Arab News. 18 December 2019.
  8. ^ "Gabon Opens Consulate General in Laayoune". Sahara News. 17 January 2020.
  9. ^ "Sao Tome and Principe Inaugurates Consulate General in Laayoune". Morocco World News. 23 January 2020.
  10. ^ "Central African Republic Opens Consulate General in Laayoune". Morocco World News. 23 January 2020.
  11. ^ "Cote d'Ivoire Opens General Consulate in Morocco's Laayoune". Morocco World News. 18 February 2020.
  12. ^ "Burundi Opens General Consulate in Laayoune". Morocco World News. 28 February 2020.
  13. ^ "Eswatini Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco". Morocco World News. 27 October 2020.
  14. ^ "Zambia Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune". Morocco World News. 27 October 2020.
  15. ^ "UAE Officially Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune". Morocco World News. 4 November 2020.
  16. ^ "Bahrain Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco". Morocco World News. 14 December 2020.
  17. ^ "Renewing the twining agreement between Central Algiers and Wilaya of El Aaiun". Sahara Press Service. 2011-10-30. Archived from the original on 2012-05-01. Retrieved 2011-11-02.
  18. ^ Ayuntamiento de Almería (ed.). "Ciudades Hermanadas". Retrieved 2008-04-12.
  19. ^ "Balance del viaje realizado por representantes municipales al Sahara". Aviles.es. Archived from the original on 2012-05-29. Retrieved 2011-09-04.
  20. ^ Ayuntamiento de Málaga (ed.). "Official website for Malaga's candidature for European capital of culture in 2016". Archived from the original on 2009-03-22. Retrieved 2008-04-02.
  21. ^ "Hermanamiento de Montevideo y El Aaiún". Montevideo.gub.uy. 2009-12-13. Archived from the original on 2012-12-02. Retrieved 2011-09-04.
  22. ^ "El Ayuntamiento de Lorca denuncia la agresión de Marruecos contra el Pueblo Saharaui" (in Spanish). Murcia.es. 2010-11-12. Retrieved 2013-02-11.
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