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Looking north on Straus Street from the intersection with Street of the Prophets.

Straus Street (Hebrew: רחוב שטראוס, Rehov Straus) is a north-south road in north-central Jerusalem. It starts at Jaffa Road and extends to Kikar HaShabbat (Sabbath Square), which marks the intersection of five streets: Straus Street, Yeshayahu Street, Malkhei Yisrael Street, Yehezkel Street, and Mea Shearim Road. The street was named for Nathan Straus, a prominent American merchant and Jewish philanthropist in the early twentieth century.

Name

Chancellor Avenue street sign.

Inaugurated in 1930, Straus Street was named in honor of Nathan Straus (1848–1931), co-owner of Macy’s department store,[1] New York City Parks Commissioner, and president of the New York City Board of Health,[2] who gifted two-thirds of his personal fortune to projects benefiting Jews and Arabs in Palestine.[3][4][2] These include the Nathan and Lina Straus Soup Kitchen in the Old City of Jerusalem and the Nathan and Lina Straus Health Centers in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv.[5] The Israeli coastal city of Netanya, founded in 1928, was also named in his honor.[6][4]

In 1931 the British renamed the street Chancellor Avenue after Sir John Chancellor, a British High Commissioner during the British Mandate for Palestine. The street reverted to its original name following the 1948 War of Independence.[7]

History

Straus Street is situated along a topographical ridge on the country's watershed line. During the British Mandate for Palestine, the street provided a contiguous route from the Bukharim neighborhood in the north to Rehavia in the south, all Jewish-owned areas.[8]

Secular/religious divide

The Histadrut building on Straus Street.

After the establishment of the state of Israel, Straus Street became the dividing line between the secular culture of Jaffa Road and points south, and the Haredi culture of Mea Shearim and Geula to the north. In the early 1950s, the street was selected as the site for the new Histadrut building in order to block Haredi expansion southward.[9] The original Histadrut building had been located on Histadrut Street in the city center.[10] The imposing, seven-story building was designed by Fritz Shlezinger and completed in 1953.[11] Like other Histadrut buildings around the country, the large, rectangular structure symbolized the power and influence of the Mapai left-wing political party.[7] Erected at the highest point of the street, its rooftop held a commanding view of Mount Scopus and the Mount of Olives;[12] during the Six-Day War, this rooftop served as the Jerusalem regimental headquarters for fighters attempting to liberate the Old City.[13] Besides offices, the Histadrut building housed a movie theater[9] and a hall that became the home court for the Jerusalem Hapoel Basketball Club beginning in the mid-1950s, as it was the only roofed facility in the country. More than 500 fans filled the hall every Friday night for home games.[10] For many years, the presence of the Histadrut building effectively halted Haredi expansion south of Geula and Mea Shearim.[14]

The first move toward Orthodoxy south of the Histadrut building was the 1979 opening of the Orthodox Union Israel Center at the corner of Straus and Street of the Prophets. Originally geared to Anglo students learning in Israel, the Israel Center expanded its services to provide aliyah services, shiurim (Torah lectures), Shabbatons, concerts, outings, a newsletter, and other programs for Jews of all ages and backgrounds. Rabbi Zev Leff began delivering his popular morning parashah shiur in 1982. In 2000 the Israel Center relocated to its current location on King George Street.[15]

By the end of the twentieth century, the Histadrut building stood out as a secular anomaly amidst the predominantly Haredi occupancy of Straus Street.[9] In the twenty-first century it, too, yielded to Haredi occupancy. In the 1990s a Haredi institute for professional training, Lomda, opened in the basement of the building.[16] It was joined in 2003 by a Haredi fitness center;[14] there is also a martial arts center in the building basement.[17] In 2007 three unused floors of the building were rented out to a Haredi girl’s seminary, and a Haredi wedding hall opened on another floor in 2008, using the small parking lot in the back for chuppahs.[7]

Medical organizations

Corner of Straus Street and Street of the Prophets in 1939. The former German Hospital is at center and the newer Bikur Holim Hospital building is at right.

Straus Street is home to several medical organizations. At the intersection of Straus Street and Street of the Prophets, on the southeast corner, stands the former German Hospital, built in 1894, which became the Bikur Holim Hospital in 1925.[18] On the southwest corner stands a newer wing of Bikur Holim Hospital constructed between 1918 and 1925;[19] this building is known for its three sets of double doors made of beaten copper depicting the twelve Tribes of Israel and biblical passages.[20][21] On the northwest corner stands the former Israel Medical Association building, which today houses the Bikur Holim Hospital dialysis unit.

Nathan and Lina Straus Health Centre

Straus Street is also the site of the Nathan and Lina Straus Health Centre. Straus gave $250,000 toward the construction of the center and came to Palestine in March 1927 to lay the cornerstone. He gave the building over to Hadassah Medical Center when it opened in 1929.[22][23] From 1953 to 1964 the center housed the first dental school in Israel, founded by Hadassah and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.[24] Today the center houses clinics for the Maccabi[25] and Leumit health funds,[26] and a sleep medicine laboratory associated with Hadassah.[27]

There is also a private Straus Medical Center at #28 Straus.

Haredi institutions

Kikar Zupnick

At the northern end of Straus Street are the headquarters of two important organizations in the Israeli Haredi community. Kikar Zupnick (Zupnick Square) is the headquarters of the Edah HaChareidis religious organization. Constructed in the 1920s, this building includes the organization’s offices, a rabbinical court, a beis medrash, a Talmud Torah, a yeshiva, and a mikveh. In the days leading up to the Sukkot holiday, the large lot fronting the building is covered with a tent and lulav and etrog sellers set out their wares on dozens of tables.

Kupat Rabbi Meir Baal HaNes–Kolel Polin, founded in 1796, is a charity aiding Israel’s poor.[28]

Other points of interest

Nebi Akasha Mosque.

On the west side of Straus Street, behind the Histadrut building, stands a twelfth-century mosque and minaret named Nebi Akasha. The mosque has not functioned as such since the 1948 War of Independence,[29] and is used by the Jerusalem municipality to store gardening supplies.[30]

Close-up of the mural.

The apartment building on the northwest corner of Straus Street at Jaffa Road was one of the beneficiaries of a full-size mural painted by the Cite’ Cre’ation company of France. Beginning in 1999, the Jerusalem municipality contracted Cite’ Cre’ation's street artists to spruce up poor and rundown parts of the city center with the realistic painting technique called trompe-l'œil. The Straus Street mural, painted in 2001, depicts the futuristic Jerusalem Light Rail running along Jaffa Road.[31]

Commercial development

Several businesses have operated on the street for decades. Zohar Cleaners, founded in the Bukharim neighborhood in 1940, moved to Straus Street in 1952.[32] Bazaar Straus, a discount clothing store, opened here in the 1980s, as did HaSOFER, a sofer stam and seller of tefillin, mezuzahs, and megillahs.[33]

High-rise development

In the late 2000s, developers received permits to construct a number of high-rise luxury apartment buildings in the quadrant bordered by Jaffa Road, Straus Street, Street of the Prophets, and Harav Kook Street. The 13-story Strauss Tower 1, which opens onto Straus Street, was completed in 2008.[34] The 12-story Strauss Tower 2 has not yet broken ground.[35]

Transportation

For decades, Straus Street was a key one-way artery for buses traveling from Jerusalem's southern neighborhoods to its northern neighborhoods (return buses used the parallel Yeshayahu Street). In 2010, in conjunction with the introduction of a bus rapid transit route serviced by double articulated buses that can accommodate up to 140 passengers each, Straus and Yeshayahu Streets were converted into two-way streets.[36]

Straus Street is the long-time terminus for a Jerusalem-Bnei Brak sherut (share taxi) service.[37]

References

  1. ^ "Nathan Straus". Encyclopaedia Britainnica Online. 2012. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  2. ^ a b "Nathan Straus (1848-1931)". Jewish Virtual Library. 2012. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  3. ^ Wigoder, Geoffrey (1975). Everyman’s Judaica: An encyclopedic dictionary. W.H. Allen / Virgin Books. p. 574. ISBN 0491016042.
  4. ^ a b Teller, Hanoch (1996). A Midrash and a Maaseh. NYC Publishing Co. p. 349. ISBN 188193909X.
  5. ^ "Straus". Jewish Virtual Library. 2012. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  6. ^ Benton, William (1974). The New Encyclopaedia Britannica. Vol. 7. Encyclopaedia Britannica (UK) Ltd. p. 270. ISBN 0852292902.
  7. ^ a b c Katz, D. (1 October 2011). "Pizza, Shnitzel and the Fog of War: Some Impressions of a Recent Visit to Israel". wherewhatwhen.com. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  8. ^ Kark, Ruth; Nordheim, Michael Oren (2001). Jerusalem and Its Environs: Quarters, neighborhoods, villages, 1800-1948. Wayne State University Press. p. 150. ISBN 0814329098.
  9. ^ a b c Sela, Neta (15 January 2007). "J'lem: Haredim 'conquer' Histadrut stronghold". Ynetnews. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  10. ^ a b "History". Hapoel Migdal Jerusalem Basketball Club. 2011. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  11. ^ "Histadrut building on Straus Street in Jerusalem". Harvard University Library Visual Information Access. 2004. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  12. ^ Bahat, Dan; Rubinstein, Hayim (1990). The Illustrated Atlas of Jerusalem. Simon & Schuster. p. 141. ISBN 0134516427.
  13. ^ Ronen, Yossi (2003). "Live From the Western Wall". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  14. ^ a b Rotem, Tamar (11 February 2003). "Torah with Treadmills". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  15. ^ "Israel Center History". Orthodox Union. 2012. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  16. ^ "לומדה" (in Hebrew). lomda.org. 2011. Retrieved 7 February 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ "Dojos". The Bushidokan Federation-Jujitsu. 28 November 2011. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  18. ^ Amar, Zohar (2002). The History of Medicine in Jerusalem. British Archeological Reports. p. 124. ISBN 1841714127.
  19. ^ Levinson, Jay (May 2008). "Annals of a Traveller". The Jewish Magazine. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  20. ^ Bar-Am, Aviva. "A Guide to Buildings in Jerusalem". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  21. ^ Gordon, Buzzy (2010). Frommer's Jerusalem Day by Day. Frommer’s. p. 76. ISBN 0470676361.
  22. ^ "High Commissioner Dedicates Straus Health Center in Jerusalem: Structure erected at cost of $250,000; institution to be non-sectarian". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 3 May 1929. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  23. ^ Alosfin, Dorothy (1949). America’s Triumph: Stories of American Jewish heroes. Ayer Co Pub (facsimile edition). p. 105. ISBN 0836980522.
  24. ^ "Milestones of the Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine" (PDF). Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Winter 2007. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  25. ^ "Services at Beit Strauss". Jerusalem Family Doctor. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  26. ^ "Medical services provided by Kupat Cholim Leumit". Israel Insurance. 2007. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  27. ^ "Contact Us". Sleep Medicine Center. 2009. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  28. ^ "Kupath Ramban since 1796". Kupath Ramban. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  29. ^ "Vandals Attack Disused Jerusalem Mosque". BBC News. 14 December 2011. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  30. ^ Lidman, Melanie; Lappin, Yaakov (15 December 2011). "Jerusalem Mosque Torched, Defaced". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  31. ^ "Jerusalem Street Art: Walking tour of street art in Jerusalem". Attractions in Israel. 28 July 2011. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  32. ^ "מכבסת זהר" (in Hebrew). Zohar Cleaners. 2010. Retrieved 7 February 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  33. ^ "HaSOFER". HaSOFER. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  34. ^ "Strauss Tower". Emporis GMBH. 2011. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  35. ^ "Strauss Tower 2". Emporis GMBH. 2011. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  36. ^ Wollberg, Erez (19 October 2010). "Transportation Revolution Underway in Jerusalem". Globes. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  37. ^ Jacobs, Daniel; Eber, Shirley; Silvani, Francesca (1998). Israel and the Palestinian Territories: The rough guide. Rough Guides. p. 388. ISBN 1858282489.
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