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| url = http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=felMaragay_nov20_2006 }}</ref>
| url = http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=felMaragay_nov20_2006 }}</ref>


==Biography==
The ''San Francisco Weekly'' cites 1995 research by a Berkeley graduate student in journalism which says she was born Hue Dang Trinh to a Vietnamese mother and an ethnic Chinese father, on 12 May 1950 in a small village in the [[Quang Ngai Province]] in Vietnam.<ref name="young">{{cite news
| last = Young
| first = Gordon
| title = God Inc.
| work = SF Weekly
| date = 22 May 1996
| url = http://www.sfweekly.com/1996-05-22/news/god-inc/ }}</ref>
At 19, during the height of the Vietnam War, she developed a relationship with a German scientist and doctor who was a relief worker: Trinh worked as a Red Cross interpreter in Europe.<ref name="partridge" /><ref name="guzman">{{cite news
| last = Guzmán
| first = Rafer
| title = Immaterial Girl
| work = Metro
| date = 28 March 1996
| url = http://www.metroactive.com/papers/metro/03.28.96/suma-9613.html }}</ref> They married, but separated after two years when she left him to pursue spiritual enlightenment.<ref name="young"/> In 1979, she met a Buddhist monk in Germany whom she followed for three years, but his monastery denied entry to females.<ref name="guzman"/> She moved to India to study different religions, and became a disciple of [[Sant Thakar Singh|Thakar Singh]].<ref name="young"/> During her stay at his [[ashram]]<ref name="guzman"/>, she learned the [[Sant Mat]] 'Light and Sound' meditation technique which Thakar Singh taught <ref>{{cite web
| url = http://elearn.mtsac.edu/dlane/rs5.html
| title = The Radhasoami Tradition: Chapter Five, THAKAR SINGH AND THE FOUNDING OF KIRPAL LIGHT SATSANG
| publisher = Garland Publishing, Inc.
| date = 1992
| accessdate = 8 March 2011
}}</ref>, and from which her Quan Yin Method is derived.


According to an account by Patricia Thornton, Ching Hai's recognition as a spiritual leader began in 1982, when she tried to buy a copy of the Hindu sacred work the Bhagavad Gita from a small shop beside the Ganges. The shopkeepers denied having a copy, but she insisted she had seen it there. An extensive search uncovered a copy hidden in a sealed box; word quickly spread that Ching Hai had an "unusually well-developed [[third eye]]."<ref name=thornton08>Thornton, Patricia M. (2008) ''Manufacturing Dissent in Transnational China'' in "Popular Protest in China," Kevin J. O'Brien (ed.), Harvard University Press, pp. 189–192</ref>


In 1983, she followed a Vietnamese Buddhist monk in Taiwan named Jing-Xing. Unaware of her prior connection to [[Sant Thakar Singh|Thakar Singh]], Jing-Xing ordained her in 1984 as "Thanh Hai". In Mandarin this is Ching Hai, which means "pure ocean".<ref name="guzman"/>


According to her official biography, Ching Hai was born to a well-off naturopath's family in [[Âu Lạc]] (old name for the region north of Hanoi) in Vietnam. Though raised as a Roman Catholic, she learned the basics of Buddhism from her grandmother. After being given a divine transmission of the ''Inner Light and Sound'' by a true Master in the Himalayas<ref>Like the Theosophical and ECK masters, Ching Hai's purported master Khuda Ji remains a mythological, rather than historical, figure.</ref>, she renamed the technique the ''Quan Yin Method''.<ref name="offbio">{{cite news
| author = Supreme Master Ching Hai
| title = God's Direct Contact
| publisher = Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association
| date = March 2009
| url = http://godsdirectcontact.us/bio.html}}</ref>


No initiation or membership fees are collected from disciples, but the bulk of her financial support comes from Taiwan,<ref name="young"/> where her following is the strongest; her followers in the US are predominantly new immigrants from China and Vietnam.<ref name="guzman"/> Her Supreme Master Meditation Centers, incorporated in Los Angeles and San Jose and several US states, benefit from tax-exempt status as religious organizations.<ref name="young"/> Ching Hai has been described by Rafer Guzmán of Metroactive as a "tireless publicity seeker". By her own admission, she presides over a "rather big organisation" with "a lot of centers around the world—40 or 50 countries". The organisation includes restaurants and outlets for jewellery and clothes designed by her.<ref name="guzman"/>


==International profile==
On 25 October 1993 the Mayor of Honolulu, [[Frank F. Fasi|Frank Fasi]], proclaimed the day as "Supreme Master Ching Hai Day" and awarded her Honorary Citizenship of Honolulu and an International Peace Commendation.


On 22 February 1994 she was awarded commendations from representatives of six US State Governors for contributions to various disaster relief funds.{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} She has claimed that seven United States governors proclaimed 22 February 1994 as "Supreme Master Ching Hai Day" in recognition of her charitable work including then governor of Iowa, [[Terry Branstad]], for her $65,000 donation to relief efforts for victims of the [[Great Flood of 1993|1993 Mississippi River flooding]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} In the same year, $200,000 which she promised to a relief organisation after the Southern Californian fires reportedly never arrived.<ref name="guzman"/> ''Metroactive'' reported that it was alleged in Taiwan that Ching Hai set up two front organisations to make awards to her, and manipulated a United States official into posing as the president of one in a public ceremony.<ref name="guzman"/>


Ching Hai asks her followers to specifically acknowledge these two days each year, both referred to as ''Ching Hai Day''.<ref name=chingday>{{cite web
| url = http://www.godsdirectcontact.com/chinghaiday/chinghaiday.html
| title = About Ching Hai Day
| accessdate = 16 July 2009
}}</ref>


In 1994, the local government in [[Vinh Long Province]], Vietnam issued a declaration classifying Ching Hai's operations as "religious propaganda" intended to "illegally oppose the government." Actions were launched to curtail further activities by her organisation.<ref name=reactionary >{{cite web
| url = http://qppl.vinhlong.gov.vn/LinkClick.aspx?link=VanBan%2f1994%2f24.rtf&tabid=299&mid=720
| title = Prevent operation of the reactionary Supreme Master Ching Hai Thanh
| date = 8 August 1994
| author = People's committee vinh long province
| accessdate = 16 July 2009
}}</ref>


In 1996, in an attempt to build political support abroad, Ching Hai asked her followers to contribute money to the Clinton Presidential Legal Expense Trust.<ref name="jackson"/> US$880,000 was raised. However, the donations were returned when the Trust found irregularities involving identical signatures and consecutively numbered money orders. They also found donors listed who did not have the financial means to give that amount of money. The year-long scandal had a negative effect on her organisation, further damaged perception of the Clinton administration,<ref name=thornton08/> and rather than the intended "boomerang of international support" for her efforts, resulted in an extensive investigation and a congressional subpoena.<ref name=thornton08 /> The Taiwan government also investigated her organization for "alleged fund-raising improprieties," which included a transfer of $2&nbsp;million outside of the country.<ref name="chua"/>
Ching Hai was awarded the [[Gusi Peace Prize]] in 2006 in Manila, Philippines for her work in Philanthropy and Humanitarianism.

Ching Hai was criticised in the Western press as "The Immaterial Girl: Part Buddha, Part Madonna," and as "The Buddhist Martha Stewart ... merchandizing mystic from Taiwan."<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,985800-2,00.html
| title = The buddhist martha
| publisher = Time
| date = 20 January 2007
| accessdate = 5 May 2010
}}</ref>

Ching Hai was awarded the [[Gusi Peace Prize]] in 2006 in Manila, Philippines for her work in Philanthropy and Humanitarianism.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5394&Itemid=2
| title = PGMA confers 2006 Gusi Peace Prize to 15 great achievers of the world
| publisher = Gov.Ph : The Official Government Portal of the Republic of the Philippines
| date = 23 November 2006
| accessdate = 11 June 2009
}}</ref>


==Operations==
==Operations==
[[File:Loving Hut Logo.jpeg|thumb|200px|right|Loving Hut logo]]


Ching Hai supports many vegetarian and vegan restaurants, and is described as the innovator of the international [[Loving Hut]] vegan restaurant group,<ref>http://lovinghut.com/</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.sfweekly.com/foodie/2010/05/loving_hut_opens_in_the_san_fr.php |title=Vegan Fast-Food Loving Hut Opens in San Francisco Centre Food Court |work=SF Weekly website: SFoodie blog |date=3 May 2010 |publisher=SF Weekly |accessdate=11 May 2010}}</ref> with 135 restaurants worldwide in 2011.<ref>{{cite web
| title=Loving Hut – International Vegan Chain Restaurant
| url=http://suprememastertv.com/loving-hut/
| date=1 December 2011}}</ref>


Admission to her public seminars is free, but she has made millions of dollars as a painter, author, fashion designer, and jewelry designer. She launched an expensive clothing line in New York and Paris in 1995. Her business activities have led some detractors to question her motives, and she has also been criticised because her disciples are reported to buy much of her artwork, which is seen as a ''de facto'' donation. One disciple is believed to have bought a pair of used sweat socks for US$800 because "when the Master leaves the physical world, at least I will have her socks".<ref name="young"/> In 1997, she stated that she earned more than former U.S. President [[Bill Clinton]]'s annual salary of $200,000.<ref name="jackson">{{cite news
</ref><ref name="reliefworks">{{cite web|url=http://www.godsdirectcontact.org.tw/humanitarian/index1.php |title=The Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association, Humanitarian Relief Activities |publisher=Godsdirectcontact.org.tw |date= |accessdate=3 December 2010}}</ref>
| last = Jackson
| first = Brooks
| coauthors = John Gilmore
| title = Religious Leader Felt Sorry For Clinton
| work = CNN's Inside Politics
| publisher = CNN
| date = 9 January 1997
| url = http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1997/01/09/ching.hai/ }}
</ref> Followers respond that much of the money she makes is used for helping the poor and providing necessities to refugees and victims of environmental disasters.<ref name="reliefworks">{{cite web|url=http://www.godsdirectcontact.org.tw/humanitarian/index1.php |title=The Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association, Humanitarian Relief Activities |publisher=Godsdirectcontact.org.tw |date= |accessdate=3 December 2010}}</ref>


She offers a $64 catalogue of 50 books called "Elevation of the Soul" which include a Supreme Master cookbook, more than 400 videos of public appearances by the "Supreme Master" and an $8 video of "Funny Non-Saint Stories" taped in Los Angeles, plus footage of "Master's Birthday Celebration" in Taiwan. The ''San Francisco Weekly'' said: "Some of the videos have the ring of a [[Kōan|Zen koan]] – 'To Do Without Doing' – while others are as unambiguous as 'A Message From God.' There are even lip-synched pop music videos..."<ref name="young"/>
<ref name="young"/>


She has authored self published picture books, such as ''The Birds in My Life'' and ''The Noble Wilds''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amazon.com/The-Supreme-Master-Ching-Hai/e/B002BM095G |title=The Supreme Master Ching Hai: Books, Biography, Blog, Audiobooks, Kindle |publisher=Amazon.com |date= |accessdate=3 December 2010}}</ref> The books consist of hundreds of photos described as being personally taken by Ching Hai, many of them digitally manipulated to anthropomorphise the animals,{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}} and are interlaced with short poems written by her.
</ref> <ref name=thornton08/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecelestialshop.com/ |title=The Official Online Shop for Celestial Products |publisher=The Celestial Shop |date= |accessdate=3 December 2010}}</ref>

The group maintains websites in at least 17 languages, offering in-house news magazines, RealAudio and downloadable MP3 versions of radio broadcasts, and online WindowsMedia versions of Supreme Master television programs for those without access to cable stations.<ref name=thornton08/> The main website of the group contains a link to the "Celestial Shop," along with the Suma Hai Ching publishing company. Items available online include a line of "Celestial" apparel and jewelry designed by the Supreme Master, along with a range of other items that included, as of August 2010, products from the Loving Hut restaurant chain, and many assorted lamps with names such as The Lucky Bagwa, At One With All Creation, Blessing Light, and Celestial Rain, among many others.<ref name=thornton08/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecelestialshop.com/ |title=The Official Online Shop for Celestial Products |publisher=The Celestial Shop |date= |accessdate=3 December 2010}}</ref>


===Supreme Master Ching Hai International===
===Supreme Master Ching Hai International===
Supreme Master Ching Hai International is the corporate entity behind Guanyin Famen / Quan Yin Method. It is affiliated with World Peace Media, Oceans of Love Entertainment, Supreme Master Television, and several cable television series, all groups and businesses established by Ching Hai. Her organisation runs a string of vegetarian restaurants around the world, some of which sell her merchandise.
"Be Green, Go Veg, 2 Save the Planet".

In late 2008 Ching Hai launched a media campaign in Australia and New Zealand asking people to "Be Green, Go Veg, Save the Planet".<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/bleak-days-at-cape-grim-as-beef-bashed/story-e6frg6ox-1225791165315
| title = Bleak days at Cape Grim as beef bashed
| publisher = The Australian
| date = 26 October 2009
| accessdate = 15 December 2009
}}</ref> Vegetarianism, clean energy, and tree planting were promoted as a solution to climate change and pollution. The Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association also made submissions to the [[Garnaut Climate Change Review]] advocating large cuts to livestock production.<ref>[http://www.garnautreview.org.au/CA25734E0016A131/WebObj/D0841971GeneralSubmission-SupremeMasterChingHaiInternational/$File/D0841971%20General%20Submission%20-%20Supreme%20Master%20Ching%20Hai%20International.pdf Ching Hai's submission] to the Garnaut Climate Change</ref>

According to political scientist Patricia M. Thornton at the University of Oxford, the Ching Hai World Society's heavy reliance on the internet for text distribution, recruitment and information-sharing, marks the group as a transnational "[[cybersect]]."<ref name=thornton08/>

The source of wealth behind the group's charitable efforts and its media empire is a mystery, according to Thornton. Like the [[Qigong]] organisations that came to the fore in China in the 1980s and 1990s, Suma Ching Hai International adopted the structure of a business enterprise early on.<ref name=thornton08/>

Much of the media produced by Suma Ching Hai International is heavily self-referential and promotional, according to Thornton, and aims to "build a public record of recognition for group activities."<ref name=thornton08 /> In 1998 the organization staged a concert for donating to several prominent children's foundations in the U.S., while highlights of the event were captured in a coffee-table book. Ching Hai has had local authorities in various countries declare particular dates "Supreme Master Ching Hai Day."<ref name=thornton08/>


==Quan Yin Method==
==Quan Yin Method==
Line 122: Line 212:
* Refrain from the use of intoxicants.
* Refrain from the use of intoxicants.


===Quan Yin Method in China===
Quan Yin Method was introduced on the Chinese mainland in 1992, where it is commonly known as "Guanyin Famen" (Famen is Chinese for method). It spread without notice for several years, but in July 1996, two years before the onset of a campaign to stamp out "heretical sects," authorities in Sichuan found a list of several thousand practitioners of the method in seven provinces; it included many Chinese Communist Party members, and some high-ranking cadres.<ref name=thornton08/>

Quan Yin Method -- the meditation on Inner Light and Inner Sound.
The inner Light, the Light of God, is the same Light referred to in the word "enlightenment".

The inner Sound, is the Word referred in Bible:" In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was God. ..."

It is through the inner Light and Sound that we come to know God...


Master Ching Hai initiates sincere people longing to know the Truth, into the Quan Yin Method. The Chinese characters "Quan Yin" mean contemplation of the Sound Vibration. The Method includes meditation on both the inner Light and the inner Sound. These inner experiences have been repeatedly described in the spiritual literature of all the world's religions since ancient times.

For example, the Christian Bible states, In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. (John 1:1) This Word is the inner Sound. It has also been called the Logos, Shabd, Tao, Soundstream, Naam, or the Celestial Music. Master Ching Hai says, It vibrates within all life and sustains the whole universe. This inner melody can heal all wounds, fulfill all desires, and quench all worldly thirst. It is all powerful and all Love. It is because we are made of this Sound, that contact with it brings peace and contentment to our hearts. After listening to this Sound, our whole being changes, our entire outlook on life is greatly altered for the better.

The inner Light, the Light of God, is the same Light referred to in the word "enlightenment". Its intensity can range from a subtle glow to the brilliance of many millions of suns. It is through the inner Light and Sound that we come to know God.

The initiation into the Quan Yin Method is not an esoteric ritual or a ceremony for entering a new religion. During the initiation, specific instruction in meditation on the inner Light and inner Sound is given, and Master Ching Hai provides the "Spiritual Transmission". This first taste of Divine Presence is given in silence. Master Ching Hai need not be physically present in order to open this "door" for you. The Transmission is an essential part of the Method. The technique themselves will bring little benefit without the Grace of the Master.

Because you may hear the inner Sound and see the inner Light immediately upon initiation, this event is sometimes referred to as "sudden" or "immediate enlightenment."

Master Ching Hai accepts people from all backgrounds and religious affiliations for initiation. You do not have to change your present religion or system of beliefs. You will not be asked to join any organization, or participate in any way that does not suit your current life-style.

However, you will be asked to become a vegetarian. A lifetime commitment to the vegetarian diet is a necessary prerequisite for receiving initiation.

The initiation is offered free of charge.

Daily practice of the Quan Yin Method of meditation, and the keeping of the Five Precepts are your only requirements after initiation. The Precepts are guidelines that help you to neither harm yourself nor any other living being.

The Five Precepts:

Refrain from taking the life of sentient beings. This precept requires strict adherence to a vegan diet. No meat, fish, poultry or eggs (fertilized or nonfertilized).

Refrain from speaking what is not true.

Refrain from taking what is not yours.

Refrain from sexual misconduct.

Refrain from using intoxicants. This includes avoiding all poisons of any kind, such as alcohol, drugs, tobacco, gambling, pornography, and excessively violent films or literature.


The authorities asserted that the organization's beliefs and activities were fundamentally "anticommunist", and it was labelled a "reactionary religious organization."<ref name=thornton08/> At the time that the ban against "heterodox religions" was put into law in July 1999, Guanyin Famen / Quan Yin Method claimed an estimated 500,000 followers in 20 provinces and cities.<ref name=thornton08/>
These practices will deepen and strengthen your initial enlightenment experience, and allow you to eventually attain the highest levels of Awakening or Buddhahood for yourself. Without daily practice, you will almost certainly forget your enlightenment and return to a normal level of consciousness.


In January 2002 the manager of the Wuhan Zhongzhi Electric Testing Equipment Company was accused by the Chinese authorities of using the business as a cover to "support [[Heresy|heresies]]" associated with Guanyin Famen.<ref name=thornton08/> The enterprise allegedly supported 30 Guanyin practitioners who "masqueraded as employees and business associates." The manager was charged with using the company's offices and buildings as "retreat sites," organizing "initiations" and "screenings" to recruit members, and illegally printing and distributing more than 6,000 copies of "heretical texts."<ref name=thornton08/>
Master Ching Hai's goal is to teach us to be self sufficient. Therefore, She teaches a method that can be practiced by everyone, by themselves, without props or paraphernalia of any kind. She is not looking for followers, worshippers, or disciples, or to establishing an organization with a dues paying membership. She will not accept money, prostrations, or gifts from you, so you do not need to offer these to Her.


==Criticism==
She will accept your sincerity in daily life and meditation practice to progress yourself towards sainthood.
===Environmental violations===
In 2004, an artificial island and {{convert|330|ft|m|adj=mid}} long boardwalk created in the Biscayne National Park cost $1&nbsp;million USD to remove after being illegally constructed by Ching Hai, known locally as a wealthy property owner under the pseudonym Celestia De Lamour.<ref name="miami">{{cite news
|title = Park service to eliminate island
|work = The Washington Times
|date= 16 March 2004
| url = http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2004/mar/16/20040316-115047-8380r/?page=4 }}</ref> National Park workers replanted between 400 and 500 mangrove trees in the area once covered by the illegal boardwalk. The private property owned by Ching Hai adjacent to the national park was seized by police and later sold at auction to the village of [[Palmetto Bay, Florida|Palmetto Bay]], which planned to establish a park on the site.<ref name="palmetto">{{cite news
|title = Park removes access to illegal bay island
| first = Curtis
| last = Morgan
|work = The Miami Herald
|date= 24 March 2004
| url = http://www.rickross.com/reference/ching_hai/sumaching12.html }}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 21:07, 16 February 2012

Ching Hai (清海)
Supreme Master Ching Hai
Born
Hue Dang Trinh[1]

(1950-05-12) 12 May 1950 (age 74)
Quang Ngai Province, Vietnam
Known forFounder of Quan Yin Method
Suma Ching Hai
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese清海無上師
Simplified Chinese清海无上师
Literal meaningpure ocean Supreme Master
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyinqīng hǎi wú shàng shī
Vietnamese name
Vietnamese alphabetThanh Hải Vô Thượng Sư

Supreme Master (or "Suma") Ching Hai, (born 12 May 1950), is the spiritual teacher of the Quan Yin Method with an estimated 20,000 followers world wide.[2]

Ching Hai is a poet, painter, musician, self-published writer and entrepreneur who heads the Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association, a business group with worldwide interests in restaurants, fashion and jewellery design.[3][4] She is known for her philanthropic and humanitarian work,[5] and has been criticised for making allegedly ostentatious displays of generosity.[6]

Biography

The San Francisco Weekly cites 1995 research by a Berkeley graduate student in journalism which says she was born Hue Dang Trinh to a Vietnamese mother and an ethnic Chinese father, on 12 May 1950 in a small village in the Quang Ngai Province in Vietnam.[7] At 19, during the height of the Vietnam War, she developed a relationship with a German scientist and doctor who was a relief worker: Trinh worked as a Red Cross interpreter in Europe.[2][8] They married, but separated after two years when she left him to pursue spiritual enlightenment.[7] In 1979, she met a Buddhist monk in Germany whom she followed for three years, but his monastery denied entry to females.[8] She moved to India to study different religions, and became a disciple of Thakar Singh.[7] During her stay at his ashram[8], she learned the Sant Mat 'Light and Sound' meditation technique which Thakar Singh taught [9], and from which her Quan Yin Method is derived.

According to an account by Patricia Thornton, Ching Hai's recognition as a spiritual leader began in 1982, when she tried to buy a copy of the Hindu sacred work the Bhagavad Gita from a small shop beside the Ganges. The shopkeepers denied having a copy, but she insisted she had seen it there. An extensive search uncovered a copy hidden in a sealed box; word quickly spread that Ching Hai had an "unusually well-developed third eye."[10]

In 1983, she followed a Vietnamese Buddhist monk in Taiwan named Jing-Xing. Unaware of her prior connection to Thakar Singh, Jing-Xing ordained her in 1984 as "Thanh Hai". In Mandarin this is Ching Hai, which means "pure ocean".[8]

According to her official biography, Ching Hai was born to a well-off naturopath's family in Âu Lạc (old name for the region north of Hanoi) in Vietnam. Though raised as a Roman Catholic, she learned the basics of Buddhism from her grandmother. After being given a divine transmission of the Inner Light and Sound by a true Master in the Himalayas[11], she renamed the technique the Quan Yin Method.[12]

No initiation or membership fees are collected from disciples, but the bulk of her financial support comes from Taiwan,[7] where her following is the strongest; her followers in the US are predominantly new immigrants from China and Vietnam.[8] Her Supreme Master Meditation Centers, incorporated in Los Angeles and San Jose and several US states, benefit from tax-exempt status as religious organizations.[7] Ching Hai has been described by Rafer Guzmán of Metroactive as a "tireless publicity seeker". By her own admission, she presides over a "rather big organisation" with "a lot of centers around the world—40 or 50 countries". The organisation includes restaurants and outlets for jewellery and clothes designed by her.[8]

International profile

On 25 October 1993 the Mayor of Honolulu, Frank Fasi, proclaimed the day as "Supreme Master Ching Hai Day" and awarded her Honorary Citizenship of Honolulu and an International Peace Commendation.

On 22 February 1994 she was awarded commendations from representatives of six US State Governors for contributions to various disaster relief funds.[citation needed] She has claimed that seven United States governors proclaimed 22 February 1994 as "Supreme Master Ching Hai Day" in recognition of her charitable work including then governor of Iowa, Terry Branstad, for her $65,000 donation to relief efforts for victims of the 1993 Mississippi River flooding.[citation needed] In the same year, $200,000 which she promised to a relief organisation after the Southern Californian fires reportedly never arrived.[8] Metroactive reported that it was alleged in Taiwan that Ching Hai set up two front organisations to make awards to her, and manipulated a United States official into posing as the president of one in a public ceremony.[8]

Ching Hai asks her followers to specifically acknowledge these two days each year, both referred to as Ching Hai Day.[13]

In 1994, the local government in Vinh Long Province, Vietnam issued a declaration classifying Ching Hai's operations as "religious propaganda" intended to "illegally oppose the government." Actions were launched to curtail further activities by her organisation.[14]

In 1996, in an attempt to build political support abroad, Ching Hai asked her followers to contribute money to the Clinton Presidential Legal Expense Trust.[15] US$880,000 was raised. However, the donations were returned when the Trust found irregularities involving identical signatures and consecutively numbered money orders. They also found donors listed who did not have the financial means to give that amount of money. The year-long scandal had a negative effect on her organisation, further damaged perception of the Clinton administration,[10] and rather than the intended "boomerang of international support" for her efforts, resulted in an extensive investigation and a congressional subpoena.[10] The Taiwan government also investigated her organization for "alleged fund-raising improprieties," which included a transfer of $2 million outside of the country.[3]

Ching Hai was criticised in the Western press as "The Immaterial Girl: Part Buddha, Part Madonna," and as "The Buddhist Martha Stewart ... merchandizing mystic from Taiwan."[16]

Ching Hai was awarded the Gusi Peace Prize in 2006 in Manila, Philippines for her work in Philanthropy and Humanitarianism.[17]

Operations

File:Loving Hut Logo.jpeg
Loving Hut logo

Ching Hai supports many vegetarian and vegan restaurants, and is described as the innovator of the international Loving Hut vegan restaurant group,[18][19] with 135 restaurants worldwide in 2011.[20]

Admission to her public seminars is free, but she has made millions of dollars as a painter, author, fashion designer, and jewelry designer. She launched an expensive clothing line in New York and Paris in 1995. Her business activities have led some detractors to question her motives, and she has also been criticised because her disciples are reported to buy much of her artwork, which is seen as a de facto donation. One disciple is believed to have bought a pair of used sweat socks for US$800 because "when the Master leaves the physical world, at least I will have her socks".[7] In 1997, she stated that she earned more than former U.S. President Bill Clinton's annual salary of $200,000.[15] Followers respond that much of the money she makes is used for helping the poor and providing necessities to refugees and victims of environmental disasters.[5]

She offers a $64 catalogue of 50 books called "Elevation of the Soul" which include a Supreme Master cookbook, more than 400 videos of public appearances by the "Supreme Master" and an $8 video of "Funny Non-Saint Stories" taped in Los Angeles, plus footage of "Master's Birthday Celebration" in Taiwan. The San Francisco Weekly said: "Some of the videos have the ring of a Zen koan – 'To Do Without Doing' – while others are as unambiguous as 'A Message From God.' There are even lip-synched pop music videos..."[7]

She has authored self published picture books, such as The Birds in My Life and The Noble Wilds.[21] The books consist of hundreds of photos described as being personally taken by Ching Hai, many of them digitally manipulated to anthropomorphise the animals,[citation needed] and are interlaced with short poems written by her.

The group maintains websites in at least 17 languages, offering in-house news magazines, RealAudio and downloadable MP3 versions of radio broadcasts, and online WindowsMedia versions of Supreme Master television programs for those without access to cable stations.[10] The main website of the group contains a link to the "Celestial Shop," along with the Suma Hai Ching publishing company. Items available online include a line of "Celestial" apparel and jewelry designed by the Supreme Master, along with a range of other items that included, as of August 2010, products from the Loving Hut restaurant chain, and many assorted lamps with names such as The Lucky Bagwa, At One With All Creation, Blessing Light, and Celestial Rain, among many others.[10][22]

Supreme Master Ching Hai International

Supreme Master Ching Hai International is the corporate entity behind Guanyin Famen / Quan Yin Method. It is affiliated with World Peace Media, Oceans of Love Entertainment, Supreme Master Television, and several cable television series, all groups and businesses established by Ching Hai. Her organisation runs a string of vegetarian restaurants around the world, some of which sell her merchandise.

In late 2008 Ching Hai launched a media campaign in Australia and New Zealand asking people to "Be Green, Go Veg, Save the Planet".[23] Vegetarianism, clean energy, and tree planting were promoted as a solution to climate change and pollution. The Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association also made submissions to the Garnaut Climate Change Review advocating large cuts to livestock production.[24]

According to political scientist Patricia M. Thornton at the University of Oxford, the Ching Hai World Society's heavy reliance on the internet for text distribution, recruitment and information-sharing, marks the group as a transnational "cybersect."[10]

The source of wealth behind the group's charitable efforts and its media empire is a mystery, according to Thornton. Like the Qigong organisations that came to the fore in China in the 1980s and 1990s, Suma Ching Hai International adopted the structure of a business enterprise early on.[10]

Much of the media produced by Suma Ching Hai International is heavily self-referential and promotional, according to Thornton, and aims to "build a public record of recognition for group activities."[10] In 1998 the organization staged a concert for donating to several prominent children's foundations in the U.S., while highlights of the event were captured in a coffee-table book. Ching Hai has had local authorities in various countries declare particular dates "Supreme Master Ching Hai Day."[10]

Quan Yin Method

In 1986, Ching Hai founded the 'Immeasurable Light Meditation Center' and the 'Way of Sound Contemplation' (Quan Yin Method) in Miaoli, Taiwan.[10] Quan Yin Method is markedly similar to the much older Surat Shabd Yoga from the Sant Mat tradition which also teaches meditation on light and sound. [25] In 1988 she severed any connection with Buddhism and developed the flamboyant style with which she is now associated.[10]

Ching Hai has said, "It’s not that I invented the Quan Yin Method; I just know it. This method has existed since the beginning of time, when the universe was first formed. And it will always exist. It is not a method; it is like the way of the universe, a universal law that we must follow if we want to get back to the Origin, back to our true Self, back to the Kingdom of God or our Buddha nature."[26] In her book The Key of Immediate Enlightenment, it is said that those who recite her name would become elevated.[27]

Ching Hai initiates spiritual aspirants into the Quan Yin Method, which is purported to exist in various religions under different names, as the "best, easiest, and quickest" way to get enlightenment.[28][29] The method involves meditation on the "inner light and the inner sound of God", or the Shabd that she claims is also referred to in the Bible and said to be acknowledged repeatedly in the literature of all the world's major spiritual traditions. Ching Hai accepts people from all backgrounds and religious affiliations for initiation. One does not have to change one's present religion or system of beliefs.[7] Neophytes to the Ching Hai way may cease eating animal products gradually (for ten days per month) in what is termed the "Convenient Method" and do half an hour of meditation a day.[7] The Quan Yin Method requires two and a half hours of meditation per day and adherence to five precepts[30] borrowed from the Five Precepts of Buddhism:

  • Refrain from taking the life of sentient beings.
  • Refrain from speaking what is not true.
  • Refrain from taking what is not offered.
  • Refrain from sexual misconduct.
  • Refrain from the use of intoxicants.

Quan Yin Method in China

Quan Yin Method was introduced on the Chinese mainland in 1992, where it is commonly known as "Guanyin Famen" (Famen is Chinese for method). It spread without notice for several years, but in July 1996, two years before the onset of a campaign to stamp out "heretical sects," authorities in Sichuan found a list of several thousand practitioners of the method in seven provinces; it included many Chinese Communist Party members, and some high-ranking cadres.[10]

The authorities asserted that the organization's beliefs and activities were fundamentally "anticommunist", and it was labelled a "reactionary religious organization."[10] At the time that the ban against "heterodox religions" was put into law in July 1999, Guanyin Famen / Quan Yin Method claimed an estimated 500,000 followers in 20 provinces and cities.[10]

In January 2002 the manager of the Wuhan Zhongzhi Electric Testing Equipment Company was accused by the Chinese authorities of using the business as a cover to "support heresies" associated with Guanyin Famen.[10] The enterprise allegedly supported 30 Guanyin practitioners who "masqueraded as employees and business associates." The manager was charged with using the company's offices and buildings as "retreat sites," organizing "initiations" and "screenings" to recruit members, and illegally printing and distributing more than 6,000 copies of "heretical texts."[10]

Criticism

Environmental violations

In 2004, an artificial island and 330-foot (100 m) long boardwalk created in the Biscayne National Park cost $1 million USD to remove after being illegally constructed by Ching Hai, known locally as a wealthy property owner under the pseudonym Celestia De Lamour.[31] National Park workers replanted between 400 and 500 mangrove trees in the area once covered by the illegal boardwalk. The private property owned by Ching Hai adjacent to the national park was seized by police and later sold at auction to the village of Palmetto Bay, which planned to establish a park on the site.[32]

See also

References

  1. ^ Template:Vietnamese name
  2. ^ a b Partridge, Christopher (2004) New Religions: A Guide, Oxford University Press, p. 264
  3. ^ a b Chua-Eoan, Howard (20 January 1997). "The Buddhist Martha". Time Magazine.
  4. ^ Hackman, Nichollas (13 December 1998). "The Peace Seeker". Los Angeles Times.
  5. ^ a b "The Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association, Humanitarian Relief Activities". Godsdirectcontact.org.tw. Retrieved 3 December 2010.
  6. ^ Maragay, Fel V. (20 November 2006). "Master of charity". Manila Standard Today.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i Young, Gordon (22 May 1996). "God Inc". SF Weekly.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h Guzmán, Rafer (28 March 1996). "Immaterial Girl". Metro.
  9. ^ "The Radhasoami Tradition: Chapter Five, THAKAR SINGH AND THE FOUNDING OF KIRPAL LIGHT SATSANG". Garland Publishing, Inc. 1992. Retrieved 8 March 2011.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Thornton, Patricia M. (2008) Manufacturing Dissent in Transnational China in "Popular Protest in China," Kevin J. O'Brien (ed.), Harvard University Press, pp. 189–192
  11. ^ Like the Theosophical and ECK masters, Ching Hai's purported master Khuda Ji remains a mythological, rather than historical, figure.
  12. ^ Supreme Master Ching Hai (March 2009). "God's Direct Contact". Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association.
  13. ^ "About Ching Hai Day". Retrieved 16 July 2009.
  14. ^ People's committee vinh long province (8 August 1994). "Prevent operation of the reactionary Supreme Master Ching Hai Thanh". Retrieved 16 July 2009.
  15. ^ a b Jackson, Brooks (9 January 1997). "Religious Leader Felt Sorry For Clinton". CNN's Inside Politics. CNN. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ "The buddhist martha". Time. 20 January 2007. Retrieved 5 May 2010.
  17. ^ "PGMA confers 2006 Gusi Peace Prize to 15 great achievers of the world". Gov.Ph : The Official Government Portal of the Republic of the Philippines. 23 November 2006. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
  18. ^ http://lovinghut.com/
  19. ^ "Vegan Fast-Food Loving Hut Opens in San Francisco Centre Food Court". SF Weekly website: SFoodie blog. SF Weekly. 3 May 2010. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
  20. ^ "Loving Hut – International Vegan Chain Restaurant". 1 December 2011.
  21. ^ "The Supreme Master Ching Hai: Books, Biography, Blog, Audiobooks, Kindle". Amazon.com. Retrieved 3 December 2010.
  22. ^ "The Official Online Shop for Celestial Products". The Celestial Shop. Retrieved 3 December 2010.
  23. ^ "Bleak days at Cape Grim as beef bashed". The Australian. 26 October 2009. Retrieved 15 December 2009.
  24. ^ Ching Hai's submission to the Garnaut Climate Change
  25. ^ Quan Yin (Pinyin: Guānyīn / Wade-Giles: Kuan Yin / Vietnamese: Quan Am / Japanese: Kwanon / Sanskrit: Avalokiteśvara / Tibetan: sPyan.ras.gzigs) is a popular Mahāyāna bodhisattva. Literally, his Sanskrit and Chinese names mean "He Who Hears the Cries of the World." Esoterically, Kuan Yin means "enlightened through hearing."
  26. ^ Supreme Master Ching Hai (17 December 1998). "Master's Words: The Quan Yin Method is an Eternal Universal Law". Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association Publishing Co Ltd.
  27. ^ Chan, Charmaine (3 January 1999). "Cult branches spread worldwide". South China Morning Post. p. 7.
  28. ^ "Soundless Sound – The Tone That Fills The Cosmos". Yoga International Magazine Issue 36. July 1997. Secondary copy.
  29. ^ Supreme Master Ching Hai (28 November 1999). "Quan Yin Method is the Easiest Way to God". Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association Publishing Co Ltd.
  30. ^ Supreme Master Ching Hai (25 March 2010). "Quan Yin – The Five Precepts". Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association Publishing Co Ltd.
  31. ^ "Park service to eliminate island". The Washington Times. 16 March 2004.
  32. ^ Morgan, Curtis (24 March 2004). "Park removes access to illegal bay island". The Miami Herald.

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