Jump to content

Realm of Stefan Dragutin: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
tag missing inline citations
Zhmr (talk | contribs)
482 edits
No edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:
{{inline citations|date=February 2013}}
{{inline citations|date=February 2013}}
{{Infobox Former Country
{{Infobox Former Country
|native_name = Kingdom of Syrmia<br>Сремска краљевина<br>Sremska kraljevina
|native_name =
|conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Syrmia<br>Сремска краљевина<br>Sremska kraljevina
⚫
|common_name = Kingdom of Syrmia
|conventional_long_name =
⚫
|common_name = Syrmia
|continent = Europe
|continent = Europe
|region = South-Eastern Europe
|region = South-Eastern Europe
|country =
|country =
|era = Middle Ages
|era = Middle Ages
|status = vassal kingdom of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]]<ref name=fine>{{cite book |title=The late medieval Balkans: a critical survey from the late twelfth century to the Ottoman Conquest |last=Fine |first=John V.A. |page=220 |location=Ann Arbor |year=1987 |publisher=[[University of Michigan Press]] |isbn=978-0-472-10079-8 |oclc=13860868 }}</ref>
|status = Independent [[monarchy|kingdom]]
|nation =
|nation =
|year_start = 1282
|year_start = 1282
Line 19: Line 19:
|currency =
|currency =
|
|
|p1 = Banate of Macsó
|<!--- Flag navigation: Preceding and succeeding entities p1 to p5 and s1 to s5 --->
|p1 =
|flag_p1 = Hungary Arms.svg
|flag_p1 =
|p2 = Banate of Usora
|p2 =
|flag_p2 = Hungary Arms.svg
|flag_p2 =
|p3 = Banate of Soli
|p3 =
|flag_p3 = Hungary Arms.svg
|flag_p3 =
|p4 = Banate of Braničevo
|s1 =
|flag_p4 = Hungary Arms.svg
|p5 = Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)
⚫
|flag_s1 =
|s2 =
|flag_p5 = Flag of Serbia 1281.svg
|flag_s2 =
|s1 = Banate of Macsó
⚫
|flag_s1 = Hungary Arms.svg
|s2 = Banate of Bosnia
|flag_s2 = Coat of Arms of the House of Kotromanić.svg
|s3 = Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)
|flag_s3 = Flag of Serbia 1281.svg
|
|
|image_flag =
|image_flag =
|image_coat =
|image_coat =
|image_map = Srem04.png
|image_map = Srem04.png
|image_map_caption = Kingdom of Syrmia of Stefan Dragutin (1291-1316) with its northern borders on [[Sava]] and [[Danube]] rivers (according to the opinion of most historians)
|image_map_caption = Kingdom of Syrmia of Stefan Dragutin (1291-1316)
|common_languages =
|common_languages =
|capital = [[Debrc]] and [[Belgrade]]
|capital = [[Debrc]] and [[Belgrade]]
|today = [[Serbia]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Croatia]]
|today = [[Serbia]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
|national_anthem =
|national_anthem =
|government_type = [[monarchy|kingdom]]
|government_type = [[monarchy|kingdom]]
Line 60: Line 65:
|stat_pop1 =
|stat_pop1 =
|footnotes = }}
|footnotes = }}
[[Image:Kingdom of syrmia according to stanoje stanojevic.png|thumb|right|200px|Kingdom of Syrmia of Stefan Dragutin with borders that are including [[Syrmia|Upper Syrmia]] (according to historian [[Stanoje Stanojević]])]]
[[Image:Kingdom of syrmia according to stanoje stanojevic.png|thumb|right|200px|Kingdom of Syrmia of Stefan Dragutin with borders that are including [[Syrmia|Upper Syrmia]] (according to Serbian historian [[Stanoje Stanojević]])]]
The '''Kingdom of Syrmia''' ({{lang-sr|''Sremska kraljevina'' / Сремска краљевина}}) was a medieval [[Serbs|Serb]] kingdom centered in the region of [[Mačva]] (formerly known as the [[Syrmia|Lower Syrmia]]). The first capital of the kingdom was [[Debrc]] (between [[Belgrade]] and [[Šabac]]), while residence of the king was later moved to [[Belgrade]]. There were two kings of the kingdom - [[Stephen Dragutin of Serbia|Stefan Dragutin]] (1282–1316) and his son [[Stephen Vladislav II of Syrmia|Stefan Vladislav II]] (1316–1325).


The '''Kingdom of Syrmia''' ({{lang-sr|''Sremska kraljevina'' / Сремска краљевина}}) was a vassal kingdom of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]]<ref name=fine/> ruled by the [[Serbs|Serb]] kings [[Stephen Dragutin of Serbia|Stefan Dragutin]] (1282–1316) and his son [[Stephen Vladislav II of Syrmia|Stefan Vladislav II]] (1316–1325). Situated in the region of ''[[Lower Syrmia]]'', the first capital of the kingdom was [[Debrc]] (in [[Mačva]]), while residence of the king was later moved to [[Belgrade]].
==Borders==

Kingdom was centered in [[Mačva]] (Lower Syrmia), but also included [[Belgrade]], part of [[Šumadija]], part of [[Podrinje]], [[Braničevo (region)|Braničevo]], [[Kučevo]], [[Usora]], [[Soli]], and, according to some sources, [[Syrmia|Upper Syrmia]] (or present-day [[Syrmia]]).
==Territory==
In the Middle Ages, [[Syrmia]] was a larger area around the confluence of the rivers [[Sava]] and [[Danube]]. The part between the two rivers, being upstream, was known as ''Upper Syrmia'', while the area south of the rivers was known as ''Lower Syrmia''. The kingdom was centered in the [[Banate of Mačva]], but also included [[Belgrade]], [[Rudnik]], parts of [[Župa]] of [[Podrinje]] and the [[Banate]]s of [[Banate of Braničevo|Braničevo]], [[Banate of Kučevo|Kučevo]], [[Banate of Usora|Usora]] and [[Banate of Soli|Soli]]. According to Serbian historian [[Stanoje Stanojević]], the kingdom also included [[Upper Syrmia]].


==History==
==History==
[[Stephen Dragutin of Serbia|Stefan Dragutin]] was initially a king of [[Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)|Serbia]] from 1276 to 1282. In 1282 he broke his leg while hunting and became ill; he passed the throne to his younger brother [[Stefan Milutin]] at the council at Deževo in 1282, while keeping for himself some northern parts of the country. Since his son [[Stephen Vladislav II of Syrmia|Vladislav]] married the relative of a Hungarian king, Dragutin in 1284 gained from [[Ladislaus IV]] areas of [[Mačva]] (Lower Syrmia) with [[Belgrade]], and the [[Bosnia (region)|Bosnia]]n areas Soli and [[Usora (region)|Usora]], which he ruled until 1316. Dragutin's new state was named ''Kingdom of Syrmia''. The first capital of his state was Debrc (between Belgrade and Šabac), and later he moved his residence to Belgrade. Dragutin was the first [[List of Serbian monarchs|Serb ruler]] who ruled from [[Belgrade]] as the capital.
[[Stephen Dragutin of Serbia|Stefan Dragutin]] was initially a king of [[Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)|Serbia]] from 1276 to 1282. In 1282 he broke his leg while hunting and became ill; he passed the throne to his younger brother [[Stefan Milutin]] at the council at [[Deževo]] in 1282, while keeping for himself some northern parts of the country ([[Rudnik]] and parts of [[Župa]] of [[Podrinje]]). Since his son [[Stephen Vladislav II of Syrmia|Vladislav]] married the relative of the Hungarian king, Dragutin in 1284 gained from [[Ladislaus IV]] the Banates of Mačva (including Belgrade), Soli and Usora, which he ruled as a vassal of the King of Hungary. Dragutin's new state was named ''Kingdom of Syrmia''. The first capital of his state was Debrc (between Belgrade and Šabac), and later he moved his residence to Belgrade. Dragutin was the first [[List of Serbian monarchs|Serb ruler]] who ruled from Belgrade as the capital.


In roughly 1291 and with the help of Milutin, Stefan Dragutin expanded his territory by annexing [[Banate of Braničevo|Braničevo]] and [[Banate of Kučevo|Kučevo]], whose Bulgarian nobles [[Darman and Kudelin]] recently became independent from the Kingdom of Hungary.<ref name=Vásáry>{{cite book|last=Vásáry|first=István|title=Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185-1365|year=2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521837569|page=104|url=http://books.google.hr/books?id=7DJWyg97IggC}}</ref> For the first time, that province was in the hands of a Serb.<ref name=fine/> This action probably caused the war between the Bulgarian despot [[Shishman of Vidin|Shishman]] of [[Vidin]] and Milutin of Serbia.
⚫
Near the end of the 13th century Stefan Dragutin expanded his territory, adding [[Braničevo (region)|Braničevo]] and [[Kučevo]]. Near the end of his life he separated from his Hungarian friends and strengthened his connections in Serbia. He later became a monk and changed his name to Teoktist. He died in 1316 and was buried in the [[Đurđevi Stupovi]] [[monastery]] near [[Novi Pazar]].


⚫
Near the end of his life he separated from his Hungarian friends and strengthened his connections in Serbia. He later became a monk and changed his name to Teoktist. He died in 1316 and was buried in the [[Đurđevi Stupovi]] [[monastery]] near [[Novi Pazar]].
After king Dragutin died, his son [[Stefan Vladislav II]] assumed the Syrmian throne. However in 1319, [[Stephen Uroš II Milutin of Serbia|Milutin]], Vladislav's uncle and the king of Serbia, invaded, defeating and imprisoning Vladislav. When Milutin died in 1321, the newly freed Vladislav recovered his father's lands, with the help of the Hungarians and [[Stephen II, Ban of Bosnia]]. ([[Catherine of Hungary, Queen of Serbia|Vladislav's mother]] was the daughter of former Hungarian King [[Stephen V of Hungary|Stephen V]]. [[Morosini family|Vladislav's wife]] was the aunt of former Hungarian King [[Andrew III of Hungary|Andrew III]]. Ban Stephen II was the son of [[Elizabeth of Serbia|Vladislav's sister]].)


After having been beaten again by supporters of [[Stefan Dečanski]] (successor of Milutin), Vladislav II retreated to the Kingdom of Hungary in 1324. Vladislav II's nephew, Ban Stephen II, recovered Vladislav's lands in Bosnia (Soli and Usora). The Kingdoms of [[Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)|Serbia]] and [[Kingdom of Hungary (medieval)|Hungary]] would contest [[Mačva|Lower Syrmia]] for the next century.
After king Dragutin died, his son [[Stefan Vladislav II]] assumed the Syrmian throne. However in 1319, Milutin, Vladislav's uncle and the king of Serbia, invaded, defeating and imprisoning Vladislav. When Milutin died in 1321, the newly freed Vladislav recovered his father's lands, with the help of the Hungarians and [[Stephen II, Ban of Bosnia]]. ([[Catherine of Hungary, Queen of Serbia|Vladislav's mother]] was the daughter of former Hungarian King [[Stephen V of Hungary|Stephen V]]. [[Morosini family|Vladislav's wife]] was the aunt of former Hungarian King [[Andrew III of Hungary|Andrew III]]. Ban Stephen II was the son of [[Elizabeth of Serbia|Vladislav's sister]].)

After having been beaten again by supporters of [[Stefan Dečanski]] (successor of Milutin), Vladislav II retreated to the Kingdom of Hungary in 1324. Vladislav II's nephew, Ban Stephen II, reincorporated Soli and Usora into Bosnia. Belgrade and the northern part of Mačva along the river Sava remained a part of Hungary, while the southern part and Braničevo remained Serbian. The Kingdoms of [[Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)|Serbia]] and [[Kingdom of Hungary (medieval)|Hungary]] would contest [[Mačva|Lower Syrmia]] for the next century.


==Rulers==
==Rulers==
Line 89: Line 97:
* [[Syrmia]]
* [[Syrmia]]
* [[Mačva]]
* [[Mačva]]

⚫
==References==
⚫
# Miomir Filipović - Fića, Tri cara i trideset i jedan kralj srpskog naroda, Čikago, 1992.
⚫
# Drago Njegovan, Prisajedinjenje Vojvodine Srbiji, Novi Sad, 2004.
⚫
# Small encyclopedia "Sveznanje" published by "Narodno delo", Belgrade, in 1937 which is today in public domain.


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.arhiva.srbija.gov.rs/g3/images/dragutin_i_milutin_drzava.jpg Map of Dragutin's Kingdom of Syrmia]
*[http://www.arhiva.srbija.gov.rs/g3/images/dragutin_i_milutin_drzava.jpg Map of Dragutin's Kingdom of Syrmia]
*[http://www.conflicts.rem33.com/images/Ungarn/Ungarn%20Anjou%20XIV.jpg Map of Dragutin's Kingdom of Syrmia]
*[http://www.conflicts.rem33.com/images/Ungarn/Ungarn%20Anjou%20XIV.jpg Map of Dragutin's Kingdom of Syrmia]
*[http://mek.niif.hu/00900/00940/html/img/nagy/420e.jpg Map of Dragutin's Kingdom of Syrmia]
*[http://mek.niif.hu/00900/00940/html/img/nagy/420e.jpg Map of Dragutin's Kingdom of Syrmia]
*[http://mek.oszk.hu/00800/00893/html/img/nagy/1ed1.jpg Map of Dragutin's Kingdom of Syrmia]
*[http://mek.oszk.hu/00800/00893/html/img/nagy/1ed1.jpg Map of Dragutin's Kingdom of Syrmia]
*[http://img42.imageshack.us/img42/8927/1353.png Map of Dragutin's Kingdom of Syrmia] ([http://www.hercegbosna.org/forum/povijest/hrvatska-povijest-u-kartama-t1419.html from book "Hrvatska povijest u 25 karata", written by Stjepan Srkulj and Josip Lučić])
*[http://img42.imageshack.us/img42/8927/1353.png Map of Dragutin's Kingdom of Syrmia] ([http://www.hercegbosna.org/forum/povijest/hrvatska-povijest-u-kartama-t1419.html from book "Hrvatska povijest u 25 karata", written by Stjepan Srkulj and Josip Lučić])

⚫
==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
⚫
# Miomir Filipović - Fića, Tri cara i trideset i jedan kralj srpskog naroda, Čikago, 1992.
⚫
# Drago Njegovan, Prisajedinjenje Vojvodine Srbiji, Novi Sad, 2004.
⚫
# Small encyclopedia "Sveznanje" published by "Narodno delo", Belgrade, in 1937 which is today in public domain.



[[Category:Former countries in the Balkans]]
[[Category:Former countries in the Balkans]]

Revision as of 14:45, 27 May 2013

Kingdom of Syrmia
Сремска краљевина
Sremska kraljevina
1282–1325
Kingdom of Syrmia of Stefan Dragutin (1291-1316)
Kingdom of Syrmia of Stefan Dragutin (1291-1316)
Statusvassal kingdom of the Kingdom of Hungary[1]
CapitalDebrc and Belgrade
Governmentkingdom
Historical eraMiddle Ages
• Established
1282
• Disestablished
1325
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Banate of Macsó
Banate of Usora
Banate of Soli
Banate of Braničevo
Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)
Banate of Macsó
Banate of Bosnia File:Coat of Arms of the House of Kotromanić.svg
Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)
Today part ofSerbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Kingdom of Syrmia of Stefan Dragutin with borders that are including Upper Syrmia (according to Serbian historian Stanoje Stanojević)

The Kingdom of Syrmia ([Sremska kraljevina / Сремска краљевина] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: text has italic markup (help)) was a vassal kingdom of the Kingdom of Hungary[1] ruled by the Serb kings Stefan Dragutin (1282–1316) and his son Stefan Vladislav II (1316–1325). Situated in the region of Lower Syrmia, the first capital of the kingdom was Debrc (in Mačva), while residence of the king was later moved to Belgrade.

Territory

In the Middle Ages, Syrmia was a larger area around the confluence of the rivers Sava and Danube. The part between the two rivers, being upstream, was known as Upper Syrmia, while the area south of the rivers was known as Lower Syrmia. The kingdom was centered in the Banate of Mačva, but also included Belgrade, Rudnik, parts of Župa of Podrinje and the Banates of Braničevo, Kučevo, Usora and Soli. According to Serbian historian Stanoje Stanojević, the kingdom also included Upper Syrmia.

History

Stefan Dragutin was initially a king of Serbia from 1276 to 1282. In 1282 he broke his leg while hunting and became ill; he passed the throne to his younger brother Stefan Milutin at the council at Deževo in 1282, while keeping for himself some northern parts of the country (Rudnik and parts of Župa of Podrinje). Since his son Vladislav married the relative of the Hungarian king, Dragutin in 1284 gained from Ladislaus IV the Banates of Mačva (including Belgrade), Soli and Usora, which he ruled as a vassal of the King of Hungary. Dragutin's new state was named Kingdom of Syrmia. The first capital of his state was Debrc (between Belgrade and Šabac), and later he moved his residence to Belgrade. Dragutin was the first Serb ruler who ruled from Belgrade as the capital.

In roughly 1291 and with the help of Milutin, Stefan Dragutin expanded his territory by annexing Braničevo and Kučevo, whose Bulgarian nobles Darman and Kudelin recently became independent from the Kingdom of Hungary.[2] For the first time, that province was in the hands of a Serb.[1] This action probably caused the war between the Bulgarian despot Shishman of Vidin and Milutin of Serbia.

Near the end of his life he separated from his Hungarian friends and strengthened his connections in Serbia. He later became a monk and changed his name to Teoktist. He died in 1316 and was buried in the Đurđevi Stupovi monastery near Novi Pazar.

After king Dragutin died, his son Stefan Vladislav II assumed the Syrmian throne. However in 1319, Milutin, Vladislav's uncle and the king of Serbia, invaded, defeating and imprisoning Vladislav. When Milutin died in 1321, the newly freed Vladislav recovered his father's lands, with the help of the Hungarians and Stephen II, Ban of Bosnia. (Vladislav's mother was the daughter of former Hungarian King Stephen V. Vladislav's wife was the aunt of former Hungarian King Andrew III. Ban Stephen II was the son of Vladislav's sister.)

After having been beaten again by supporters of Stefan Dečanski (successor of Milutin), Vladislav II retreated to the Kingdom of Hungary in 1324. Vladislav II's nephew, Ban Stephen II, reincorporated Soli and Usora into Bosnia. Belgrade and the northern part of Mačva along the river Sava remained a part of Hungary, while the southern part and Braničevo remained Serbian. The Kingdoms of Serbia and Hungary would contest Lower Syrmia for the next century.

Rulers

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Fine, John V.A. (1987). The late medieval Balkans: a critical survey from the late twelfth century to the Ottoman Conquest. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. p. 220. ISBN 978-0-472-10079-8. OCLC 13860868.
  2. ^ Vásáry, István (2005). Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185-1365. Cambridge University Press. p. 104. ISBN 9780521837569.

Sources

  1. Miomir Filipović - Fića, Tri cara i trideset i jedan kralj srpskog naroda, Čikago, 1992.
  2. Drago Njegovan, Prisajedinjenje Vojvodine Srbiji, Novi Sad, 2004.
  3. Small encyclopedia "Sveznanje" published by "Narodno delo", Belgrade, in 1937 which is today in public domain.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Realm_of_Stefan_Dragutin&oldid=557024209"