Lyoness: Difference between revisions
Removed the redirect to 'Lyonesse' - Lyoness is a company active in 40+ countries, 2.800.000 members worldwide and deserves its own page |
Lyoness is a corporation active in 40+ countries and has 2.8 million members worldwide - it should have its own page; here it is. |
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Since 2003, ''''Lyoness'''' has been the registered [[Trademark|trademark name]] for an expanding<ref>[http://www.lyoness.com/companies/organization “Lyoness Corporate Structure – Countries”] “Lyoness Official Corporate Website”, June 7, 2013</ref> group of globally distributed (mostly [[Privately held company|privately-owned]], [[Limited liability company|limited-liability]]) [[Corporate structure|corporate structures]], which originated in [[Austria]]<ref>[http://www.lyoness.com/companies/organization “Lyoness Corporate Structure – Organigramm”] “Lyoness Official Corporate Website”, June 7, 2013</ref>. It comprises at least 7 corporations registered in [[Switzerland]]<ref>[http://www.moneyhouse.ch/firmensuche.htm?f=Lyoness&o=&fr=on&ge=on “Moneyhouse: Lyoness”], “Moneyhouse Company Register: Lyoness”, June 7, 2013</ref>, 9 corporations registered in [[Austria]] <ref>[http://www.monetas.at/htm/872/de_AT/Firmen-Suchresultate.htm?Firmensuche=lyoness&CompanySearchSubmit=1 “Monetas: Lyoness”], “Monetas Company Register: Lyoness”, June 7, 2013</ref> and approximately 42 additional national and regional corporations all around the globe<ref>[http://www.lyoness.com/companies/organization “Lyoness Corporate Structure – Organigramm”] “Lyoness Official Corporate Website”, June 7, 2013</ref>. The name ‘Lyoness’ was derived from the [[Celts|Celtic]] [[Mythology|mythological kingdom]] ‘[[Lyonesse]]’<ref>Business People Top1000 2009, page 66</ref>. |
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#REDIRECT [[Lyoness]] |
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The main corporation, then called ‘Lyoness Holding Europe AG’, was registered in 2003 by Iwan J. Ackermann, Max Meienberg and Uwe Proch<ref>Excerpt from the St. Gallen (Switzerland) Chamber of Commerce, April 30, 2013</ref>. In 2004, the publicly-known [[CEO]] of Lyoness, Hubert Freidl, was hired by this corporation as a [[Director#Business|director]] <ref>Excerpt from the St. Gallen (Switzerland) Chamber of Commerce, April 30, 2013</ref>. Lyoness, in its entity, has an estimated annual [[turnover]] of 1.2 billion [[Euro|euros]] (2012) <ref>[http://www.kleinezeitung.at/nachrichten/chronik/3294569/bei-lyoness-tobt-krieg-gutachter.story “Bei Lyoness tobt der Krieg der Gutachter”] “Kleine Zeitung”, April 19, 2013</ref>, with a self-proclaimed member total of 2,800,000 (as of June 2013) <ref>[http://www.lyoness.com/en-US “Lyoness Company Website”] “Lyoness Official Corporate Website”, June 8, 2013</ref>. Lyoness is currently active in more than 40 countries spread over 6 continents<ref>[http://www.lyoness.com/companies/organization “Lyoness Corporate Structure – Organigramm”] “Lyoness Official Corporate Website”, June 7, 2013</ref>. |
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==Business model== |
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Lyoness operates an international, cross-sectoral [[Social shopping|shopping community]]<ref>[http://www.lyoness.net/gb/wie-funktioniert-lyoness.aspx “How does Lyoness work”] “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013</ref>. Participants receive [[Discount|discounts]] while [[shopping]] at [[Company|companies]] affiliated to Lyoness through four different systems<ref>[http://www.lyoness.net/gb/wie-funktioniert-lyoness.aspx “How does Lyoness work”] “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013</ref>.: |
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''Cashback card'', a [[discount card]] |
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''Discount vouchers'', issued by partner [[Company|companies]] |
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''Mobile cashback'', a discount-oriented [[smartphone]] [[application software]] |
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''Online shopping'', through a shopping portal offered on the Lyoness [[website]] |
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The Lyoness [[Social shopping|shopping community]] has currently (as of May 2013) an estimated 2.8 million members around the globe<ref>[http://www.lyoness.com/en-US “Lyoness Company Website”] “Lyoness Official Corporate Website”, June 8, 2013</ref>, receiving [[Discount|discounts]] while shopping at 29,000 Lyoness partners<ref>[http://www.lyoness.com/companies/organization “Lyoness Corporate Structure – Organigramm”] “Lyoness Official Corporate Website”, June 7, 2013</ref>, with over 150,000 points of acceptance<ref>[http://www.lyoness.net/ca-en/Public/Cmd/Sites?pageName=Faq “General questions regarding Lyoness”] “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013</ref>. Through the discounts systems, Lyoness members receive direct [[Discount|discounts]] of 1-2% in the form of cash back on every purchase made at a Lyoness partner<ref>[http://www.cdnlarge.lyoness.net/downloads/pdf/us/info/lyo-apendix-us.pdf “Lyoness Loyalty Program Benefits”] “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013</ref>. The sum of the obtained [[Discount|discounts]] needs to be €10 or higher in order for it to be transferred to the account of the Lyoness member<ref>[http://www.lyoness.net/medien/ma_3/-7.03._en_05_lyoness-info-facts.pdf “Lyoness: Info and Facts”] “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013</ref>. |
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Next to discounts over personal purchases, Lyoness members receive an 0.5% [[Commission (remuneration)|commission]] over the purchases made by the people they have introduced to Lyoness, as well as 0.5% over the purchases made by the people introduced by the people they have brought in<ref>[http://www.cdnlarge.lyoness.net/downloads/pdf/us/info/lyo-apendix-us.pdf “Lyoness Loyalty Program Benefits”] “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013</ref>. Lyoness refers to this system as the ‘Friendship Bonus’<ref>[http://www.cdnlarge.lyoness.net/downloads/pdf/us/info/lyo-apendix-us.pdf “Lyoness Loyalty Program Benefits”] “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013</ref>. |
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Additional to the 1-2% cash back that Lyoness members receive, a percentage of the [[Consumption (economics)|expenditures]] of members at Lyoness partner [[Company|companies]] is transferred into the Lyoness position system – which is a system in which left-over [[Discount|discounts]] are saved up into positions<ref>[http://www.cdnlarge.lyoness.net/downloads/pdf/us/info/lyo-apendix-us.pdf “Lyoness Loyalty Program Benefits”] “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013</ref>. When enough new positions are entered into the position chain, the holder of the original position is rewarded with [[earnings]] through a [[concept]] called ‘system commission’ or ‘loyalty commission’ and when 35 positions have been entered above the original position, as well as under the position, the original position is multiplied in value by 9 (i.e. a 50 [[euro]] position gains a value of 450 [[Euro|euros]]) <ref>[http://www.cdnlarge.lyoness.net/downloads/pdf/us/info/lyo-apendix-us.pdf “Lyoness Loyalty Program Benefits”] “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013</ref>. |
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In order to become a Lyoness ‘Premium Member’, one needs to put in a [[Down payment|down-payment]] of at least 2000 [[Euro|euros]] on [[future]] [[Discount|discounts]]<ref>ORF Report episode ‘Der Mann hinter Lyoness’, April 23, 2013</ref>. Commonly, these 2000 [[Euro|euros]] are used to acquire 7 positions of 50 [[Euro|euros]], 3 positions of 150 [[Euro|euros]] and 3 positions of 400 [[Euro|euros]] <ref>ORF Report episode ‘Der Mann hinter Lyoness’, April 23, 2013</ref>. The partner companies (entitled ‘Loyalty Merchants’) offering discounts to Lyoness members, need to become a ‘Premium Member’ as well, meaning they also have to put in a [[Down payment|down-payment]] on future [[Discount|discounts]] of at least 2000 [[Euro|euros]] as well, if they want to enrol in the ‘loyalty merchant program’ for a flat fee of $570 per shopping location<ref>[http://www.slideshare.net/cashbackcard/loyalty-merchant-program-presentation “Lyoness Loyalty Merchant Program”] “Lyoness Official Presentation”, June 8, 2013</ref>. If companies do not wish to become a ‘Premium Member’ of Lyoness, the sign-up fee is $1999 per location<ref>[http://www.slideshare.net/cashbackcard/loyalty-merchant-program-presentation “Lyoness Loyalty Merchant Program”] “Lyoness Official Presentation”, June 8, 2013</ref>. Additionally, they may be required to pay $26 per month in ‘network charges’. <ref>[http://www.lyoness.net/us/kosten.aspx “Costs for online store inclusion”] “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013</ref>. |
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==Social involvement== |
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According to Lyoness, every [[purchase]] made by its members at its partner companies benefits the Lyoness Child and Family Foundation (a Lyoness-owned [[Charity (practice)|charity]] organisation) <ref>[http://www.lyoness.net/ca-en/faqs.aspx “General questions regarding Lyoness”] “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013</ref> and the Lyoness Greenfinity Foundation (a Lyoness-owned [[Organization|organisation]] promoting [[sustainability]]) <ref>[http://www.lyoness-gff.org/en “Lyoness Greenfinity Foundation”] “Lyoness Greenfinity Foundation Official Website”, June 8, 2013</ref>. |
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Lyoness, together with its Greenfinity Foundation, is the main [[Sponsor (commercial)|sponsor]] of the annual [[Austrian Open (golf)|Austrian Open]] [[golf]] [[tournament]], now named [[Austrian Open (golf)|Lyoness Open]] <ref>[http://www.lyonessopen.com/index.php?id=4 “Lyoness Open: Sponsors”] “Lyoness Open Website”, June 8, 2013</ref>. This [[tournament]] is part of the [[2013 European Tour]] <ref>[http://www.europeantour.com/season=2013/tournamentid=2013042 “Lyoness Open powered by Greenfinity”] “European Tour Official Website”, June 8, 2013</ref>. In 2012, a [[contract]] defining the [[Sponsor (commercial)|sponsorship]] for three more years (until 2014) was signed<ref>[http://www.lyoness.net/medien/ma_3/Sportzpower.com_25.05.2012.pdf “Lyoness Open Sponsor Agreement”] “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013</ref>. Lyoness also sponsors the ‘European Juniors League’, a [[European]] [[football]] [[competition]] for [[youth]] teams<ref>[http://www.europeanjuniorsleague.com “Lyoness European Juniors League”] “European Juniors League Website”, June 8, 2013</ref>. |
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==Controversy== |
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One year after Lyoness was founded, in 2004, the Austrian criminal police ([[Kriminalpolizei]]) published an article<ref>Gier nach Geld – Schneeballsysteme und getarnte Pyramidenspiele erleben einen neuen Aufschwung, Kriminalpolizei, December, 2004</ref> in the December issue of its organisation’s [[magazine]], in which it warned for the resurfacing of [[Ponzi scheme|Ponzi schemes]] and [[Pyramid scheme|pyramid schemes]] in [[Austria]]. Lyoness was explicitly mentioned in this [[Article (publishing)|article]]. Lyoness contested the [[Allegation|allegations]] publicly<ref>Gegendarstellung Kriminalpolizei, Kripo Online, January 2005</ref>. In 2005, [[Austrian Parliament]] member, Johann Maier ([[Social Democratic Party of Austria|SPÖ]]) asked the then-[[incumbent]] Austrian [[Justice ministry|Minister of Justice]] ([[Karin Gastinger|Karin Miklautsch]], [[Alliance for the Future of Austria|BZÖ]]) [[Interpellation (politics)|parliamentary questions]] about the reports filed against alleged [[Pyramid scheme|pyramid schemes]] in [[Austria]] in 2004<ref>[http://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/XXII/AB/AB_03063/fnameorig_046975.html “Anfragebeantwortung”], “Austrian Parliamentary Materials”, August 3, 2005</ref>. Lyoness was one of the organisations [[Complaint|complaints]] were filed against<ref>[http://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/XXII/AB/AB_03063/fnameorig_046975.html “Anfragebeantwortung”], “Austrian Parliamentary Materials”, August 3, 2005</ref>. |
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In 2008, the [[Austrian Chamber of Labour]] (‘Arbeiterkammer’) of [[Styria|Steiermark]] issued a [[warning]] against Lyoness, listing its alleged [[privacy]] violations, [[False advertising|misleading advertising]], [[Deception|deceptive information]] and unrealistic and negligible benefits as red flags for doing business with Lyoness<ref>[http://helpv1.orf.at/?story=8304 “AK: Vorsicht bei Einkaufsgemeinschaft Lyoness”], “ORF”, November 11, 2008</ref>. In 2010, the [[Vorarlberg]] branch of the [[Austrian Chamber of Labour|Chamber of Labour]] issued a similar [[warning]] <ref>[ http://www.ak-vorarlberg.at/bilder/d120/lyoness_internet.pdf |
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“ Wichtige Informationen zur Einkaufsgemeinschaft Lyoness”], ”Arbeiterkammer Vorarlberg”, March, 2010</ref>. The Chamber warned against the [[Reliability|unreliability]] of the discount [[Voucher|vouchers]], the false and deceptive information spread by Lyoness, privacy violations, the redundancy of the ‘Cashback card’ and the unlikeliness of receiving any [[Returns (economics)|returns]] on [[Investment|investments]] if no-one is [[Recruitment|recruited]] into the system. |
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In March 2010, the [[Switzerland|Swiss]] [[Medium (communication)|medium]] ''Beobachter'' published an article<ref>[http://www.beobachter.ch/konsum/konsumfallen/artikel/lyoness_haende-weg/ “Lyoness: Haende weg!”], “Beobachter”, March, 2010</ref> by Pascale Hofmeier entitled ‘ Lyoness: Hands off’. In the article, Sara Stalder of the Swiss Consumer Union and Manuel Richard of the Swiss Gambling Commission warn consumers not to do business with Lyoness. In the beginning of 2012, ''[[Kleine Zeitung]]'' published an article<ref>[http://www.kleinezeitung.at/steiermark/graz/graz/2931897/lyoness-verhandlung-klagenfurt.story/ “Lyoness Verhandlung Klagenfurt”], “Kleine Zeitung”, January, 2012</ref> suggesting that Lyoness has deceived the masses by operating an irrelevant shopping community, whereas actually, it is all about the systems behind this community. ''[[L’Hebdo]]'', a Swiss medium, reproduced a story about how Lyoness members are told that an [[investment]] of 3,000 [[Swiss franc|CHF]] will eventually lead to 25,000 CHF in return, if enough new, down-paying members are recruited<ref>[http://www.hebdo.ch/lyoness_ou_facile_148071_.html “Lyoness ou l’argent facile”], “L’Hebdo”, Februari, 2012</ref>. |
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In February 2012, the ''Beobachter'' published an article<ref>[http://www.beobachter.ch/konsum/konsumfallen/artikel/lyoness_drohen-mit-millionenforderung/ “Lyoness: Drohen mit Millionenforderung”], “Beobachter”, February, 2012</ref> stating that, based on consideration of internal Lyoness communication, members are offered ‘[[Bounty (reward)|bounties]]’ up to 45,000 CHF to provide ‘relevant information’ on Lyoness’ [[Criticism|critics]]. A critic from [[Zurich]] was reported to have been [[Lawsuit|sued]] for over 1 million CHF for ‘[[defamation]]’ after he contacted Lyoness’ partner companies in [[Switzerland]] in an [[attempt]] to [[Explanation|explain]] the [[business model]] of Lyoness to them. The article also reported that the Lyoness business model seems to revolve around [[Recruitment|recruiting activities]] instead of [[Discount|discounts]] and that Lyoness is internationally charged with [[forgery]], [[fraud]] and hosting a [[pyramid scheme]]. |
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''[[Der Standard]]'' reported in July 2012 that the Austrian Economic and Corruption Prosecutor (‘WKStA’) has been granted [[jurisdiction]] to [[Investigation|investigate]] and [[Prosecutor|prosecute]] Lyoness in [[Austria]] <ref>[http://derstandard.at/1338558799730/Einkaufsgemeinschaft-Lyoness-ist-Fall-fuer-Korruptions-Anklaeger “Lyoness ist Fall für Korruptions-Ankläger”], “Der Standard”, July 2012</ref>. Additionally, [[Criminal charge|criminal charges]] are pending in [[Switzerland]]. The Swiss ''Handelszeitung'' mentioned a [[Legal case|court case]] Lyoness lost, which revolved around the question as to whether Lyoness should have issued a [[Prospectus (finance)|financial prospectus]] before asking [[Investor|investors]] to [[Funding|finance]] their foreign-markets [[Advertising campaign|advertising campaigns]] <ref>[http://www.handelszeitung.ch/unternehmen/urteil-gegen-umstrittene-schweizer-firma-lyoness “Urteil gegen umstrittene Schweizer firma Lyoness”], “Handelszeitung”, June, 2012</ref>. In September 2012, the same [[newspaper]] reported<ref>[http://www.handelszeitung.ch/unternehmen/lyoness-prominente-partner-springen-ab “Urteil gegen umstrittene Schweizer firma Lyoness”], “Handelszeitung”, September 2012</ref> that major, alleged Lyoness partners in [[Switzerland]] ([[Microsoft]] and [[Kuoni Travel]]) were announcing not to continue the partnerships, if there were any to begin with. The ''[[Wiener Zeitung]]'' reported<ref>[http://www.wienerzeitung.at/nachrichten/wirtschaft/oesterreich/541651_Auf-Lyoness-rollt-Klagelawine-zu.html#0038;ref=bottom “Auf Lyoness rollt Klagelawine zu”], “Wiener Zeitung”, March 2013</ref> about a pending [[lawsuit]] initiated by the [[Austria|Austrian]] Consumer Organisation ‘VKI’ in March 2013. The VKI contests 61 clauses of Lyoness’ ‘General [[Contractual term|Terms]] and Conditions’, which it called opaque, uncertain, and/or meaningless<ref>[http://www.wienerzeitung.at/nachrichten/wirtschaft/oesterreich/541651_Auf-Lyoness-rollt-Klagelawine-zu.html#0038;ref=bottom “Auf Lyoness rollt Klagelawine zu”], “Wiener Zeitung”, March 2013</ref><ref>[http://www.kleinezeitung.at/nachrichten/chronik/3294569/bei-lyoness-tobt-krieg-gutachter.story “Bei Lyoness tobt der Krieg der Gutachter”], “Kleine Zeitung”, April 19, 2013</ref><ref>[http://wirtschaftsblatt.at/home/nachrichten/recht_steuern/1393118/Verbandsklage-zielt-auf-das-Rueckgrat-von-Lyoness-ab “Verbandsklage zielt auf das Rückgrat von Lyoness ab”], “Wirtschaftsblatt”, April 23, 2013</ref>. Eric Breiteneder, hired as a [[Representation|legal representative]] by the organisation, also referred to the concepts used to distinguish various parts of – and benefits within the Lyoness [[business model]] as vague and/or undefined elsewhere<ref>[http://www.format.at/articles/1317/943/357150/causa-lyoness-vki-verbandsklage “ Causa Lyoness – VKI leitet Verbandsklage ein”], “Format”, April 23, 2013</ref><ref>[http://derstandard.at/1363708969899/Causa-Lyoness---VKI-leitet-Verbandsklage-ein “Causa Lyoness – VKI leitet Verbandsklage ein”], “Der Standard”, April 23, 2013</ref>. |
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The ''Handelszeitung'' reported about [[Suspicion (emotion)|suspicions]] that high-level Lyoness members were earlier involved in (other) [[Pyramid scheme|pyramid schemes]], like the ‘Spirit of Independence’<ref>[http://www.handelszeitung.ch/unternehmen/lyoness-top-kader-sahnten-mit-illegalem-schenkkreis-ab “Lyoness: Top-Kader sahnten mit illegalem Schenkkreis ab”], “Handelszeitung”, April 3, 2013</ref>. It also mentioned a system called ‘GTS’ (Global Trade System), operated by Erin Trade SA, as a former organisation tied to Hubert Freidl<ref>[http://www.handelszeitung.ch/unternehmen/lyoness-top-kader-sahnten-mit-illegalem-schenkkreis-ab “Lyoness: Top-Kader sahnten mit illegalem Schenkkreis ab”], “Handelszeitung”, April 3, 2013</ref>. Like Lyoness, this company has been called a [[pyramid scheme]] in the [[public debate]] <ref>[http://www.handelszeitung.ch/unternehmen/lyoness-top-kader-sahnten-mit-illegalem-schenkkreis-ab “Lyoness: Top-Kader sahnten mit illegalem Schenkkreis ab”], “Handelszeitung”, April 3, 2013</ref>. The ''[[Kleine Zeitung]]'' reported that various experts were looking at the [[Collective investment scheme|investment schemes]] for [[Advertising campaign|advertising campaigns]] organised by Lyoness, and whether a [[Prospectus (finance)|prospectus]] was required before [[Fundraising|attracting]] [[Capital (economics)|capital]] from [[Investor|investors]] <ref>[http://www.kleinezeitung.at/nachrichten/chronik/3294569/bei-lyoness-tobt-krieg-gutachter.story “Bei Lyoness tobt der Krieg der Gutachter”], “Kleine Zeitung”, April 19, 2013</ref>. Lyoness-hired<ref>[ http://derstandard.at/1363707075511/Lyoness-ruestet-mit-Gutachten-gegen-Klagen |
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“Lyoness rüstet sich mit Gutachten gegen Klagen”], “Der Standard”, April 5, 2013</ref> [[professor]] Susanne Kalls concluded that no capital market regulations were violated by not issuing a [[Prospectus (finance)|prospectus]]; [[attorney]] Karl Hengstberger came to the [[opposite]] [[conclusion]] <ref>[http://www.kleinezeitung.at/nachrichten/chronik/3294569/bei-lyoness-tobt-krieg-gutachter.story “Bei Lyoness tobt der Krieg der Gutachter”], “Kleine Zeitung”, April 19, 2013</ref>. In the same article, Mathias Vorbach, spokesman of Lyoness, admits that Lyoness may have had some trouble before, but that those days are behind us – Lyoness has [[Learning|learned]] from its [[Mistake|mistakes]] <ref>[http://www.kleinezeitung.at/nachrichten/chronik/3294569/bei-lyoness-tobt-krieg-gutachter.story “Bei Lyoness tobt der Krieg der Gutachter”], “Kleine Zeitung”, April 19, 2013</ref>. He asserts the message that legal problems have only appeared in [[Austria]] (a contested claim) and that 95% of the Lyoness members just [[Shopping|shop]] and do not participate in the earning models offered by Lyoness<ref>[http://www.kleinezeitung.at/nachrichten/chronik/3294569/bei-lyoness-tobt-krieg-gutachter.story “Bei Lyoness tobt der Krieg der Gutachter”], “Kleine Zeitung”, April 19, 2013</ref>. However, the ''Beobachter'', after reportedly considering internal Lyoness documents, published an article<ref>[http://www.beobachter.ch/konsum/konsumfallen/artikel/lyoness_der-goldesel/ |
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“Der Goldesel”], “Beobachter”, April, 2013</ref> suggesting that 99.7% of the Lyoness [[turnover]] derives from [[Down payment|down-payments]] on future purchases, not from actual shopping or (saved up) [[Discount|discounts]]. |
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Lyoness contests that it operates a [[pyramid scheme]], as well as that it violated the relevant [[Capital market|capital markets]] [[Regulation|regulations]] when offering [[Investment|investments]] without issuing a [[Prospectus (finance)|prospectus]] <ref>[http://www.format.at/articles/1316/943/356828/lyoness-haben-vorschriften |
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“Lyoness: Haben nicht gegen kapitalmarktrechtliche Vorschriften verstoßen”], “Format”, April 18, 2013</ref>. |
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===Television=== |
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On November 30, 2011, [[Dragons' Den (Canada)|''Dragons’ Den Canada'']] aired an [[episode]] featuring the [[Sales pitch|pitch]] of a Lyoness ‘Premium Member’ from [[Ontario]], [[Canada]], in which he asked the ‘Dragons’ to jointly invest 175,000 [[Canadian dollar|Canadian Dollars]] to acquire Lyoness ‘business packages’ through him<ref>Dragons’ Den Canada season 6: episode 9, November 30, 2011</ref>. None of the Dragons were willing to invest. Instead, they ridiculed him and his business idea, claiming it to be a ‘distasteful pyramid scheme’. They also advised the Lyoness member, who [[Mortgage loan|borrowed]] against his house to acquire Lyoness positions, not to invest any more [[money]] in the Lyoness system<ref>Dragons’ Den Canada season 6: episode 9, November 30, 2011</ref>. |
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Another [[Television program|television show]] that has reported on Lyoness is the [[Austria|Austrian]] [[Public broadcasting|public television]] program ''[[ORF]] Report''. This programme aired episodes under the names ‘The money mule’ (December 19, 2012) and ‘The man behind Lyoness’ (April 23, 2013), interviewing [[Expert|experts]] and former participants, which both say that Lyoness operates a [[pyramid scheme]] behind the [[Façade|façade]] of a ‘[[Social shopping|shopping community]]’ <ref>ORF Report: ‘Der Goldesel‘, December 19, 2013</ref> |
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<ref>ORF Report episode ‘Der Mann hinter Lyoness’, April 23, 2013</ref>. The latter [[episode]] also features [[hidden camera]] [[footage]] of Hubert Freidl telling his followers that spreading ‘Cashback Cards’ is irrelevant – ‘it is all about the positions, positions, positions, positions’<ref>ORF Report episode ‘Der Mann hinter Lyoness’, April 23, 2013</ref>. |
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===Legality=== |
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In the meantime, both Austrian and Swiss authorities have started investigations of the Lyoness business model and the related allegations that the company is running an illegal pyramid scheme<ref>[http://derstandard.at/1338558799730/Einkaufsgemeinschaft-Lyoness-ist-Fall-fuer-Korruptions-Anklaeger “Lyoness ist Fall für Korruptions-Ankläger”], “Der Standard”, July 2012</ref>. Reportedly, similar investigations were started in Hungary<ref>[http://www.gvh.hu/gvh/alpha?do=2&pg=344&st=3&m391_act=13&m299_doc=8132 |
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“Versenyhivatali eljárás indult a Lyoness Hungary Kft-vel és a Lyoness Europe AG-vel szemben”], “Hungarian Competition Authority”, March 6, 2013</ref> and Australia. Also, it was reported that the Austrian Consumers Union has filed suit against Lyoness for providing participants with unclear and deceptive terms and conditions<ref>[http://www.wienerzeitung.at/nachrichten/wirtschaft/oesterreich/541651_Auf-Lyoness-rollt-Klagelawine-zu.html#0038;ref=bottom “Auf Lyoness rollt Klagelawine zu”], “Wiener Zeitung”, March 2013</ref>. According to the website of his law firm, VKI-attorney Breiteneder is currently the attorney of about 300 former Lyoness participants who are demanding their money back from Lyoness<ref>[http://breiteneder.pro/lyoness.htm “Aktuelle Causen: Lyoness”], “Breiteneder Attorneys”, June 8, 2013</ref>. Reportedly, he has managed to get his clients’ money back on several occasions<ref>[http://breiteneder.pro/lyoness.htm “Aktuelle Causen: Lyoness”], “Breiteneder Attorneys”, June 8, 2013</ref>. These clients had invested money in the advertising campaigns organised by Lyoness, and several option trading packages offered by Lyoness, but were not provided with a prospectus<ref>[http://breiteneder.pro/lyoness.htm “Aktuelle Causen: Lyoness”], “Breiteneder Attorneys”, June 8, 2013</ref>. The Viennese Commercial Court has on several occasions ruled that this violates the Austrian legislation on investments and has granted the plaintiffs the right to demand their money back<ref>[http://breiteneder.pro/Informationen-Aufnahmeblaetter/Breiteneder-Anonymisiertes-Urteil-Lyoness.pdf “Anonymisiertes Urteil gegen Lyoness”], “Breiteneder Attorneys”, June 8, 2013</ref>. |
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===Income=== |
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From a [[News leak|leaked]] internal Lyoness [[Income statement|income disclosure statement]] <ref>[http://cdnlarge.lyoness.net/downloads/pdf/us/download/infos/lyo-ids-us.pdf “Lyoness Income Disclosure Statement 2012”], “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013</ref> can be derived that the [[average]] Lyoness member in the [[United States]] receives a [[Gross income|gross annual commission]] of approximately $275, or $23 per month. The monthly [[median]] [[Commission (remuneration)|commission]] [[Value (economics)|value]] of $0.38 indicates that the vast majority of the members receives a lower commission than the 23 dollar [[Month|monthly]] [[average]] <ref>[http://cdnlarge.lyoness.net/downloads/pdf/us/download/infos/lyo-ids-us.pdf “Lyoness Income Disclosure Statement 2012”], “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013</ref>. |
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Additionally, the [[document]] states that 46% of the Lyoness members makes $0 in [[Commission (remuneration)|commission]] and that the [[average]] [[annual]] expenditures, not taken into account when [[Calculation|calculating]] the [[average] [[Commission (remuneration)|commission]], are $1,294<ref>[http://cdnlarge.lyoness.net/downloads/pdf/us/download/infos/lyo-ids-us.pdf “Lyoness Income Disclosure Statement 2012”], “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013</ref>. |
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===Internet=== |
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On the [[Internet]], various [[Website|websites]] and [[Blog|Blogs]] from all over the [[world]] have spent attention on Lyoness, accusing the company of [[illegal]] business practices (mainly of running [[Pyramid scheme|pyramid]] and [[Ponzi scheme|Ponzi schemes]]) and questioning the alleged [[Partnership|partnerships]] between Lyoness and several [[Multinational corporation|multinational corporations]], as well as the [[validity]] and [[relevance]] of the [[Certification#Third-party certification|certificates]] granted to the Lyoness shopping community. [[England|English]] [[author]] David Brear’s [[Copyright|copyrighted]] study of the subject concludes that: 'Lyoness is an unoriginal, [[Victim blaming|blame-the-victim]], [[Cult|cultic]] [[Racket (crime)|racket]] comprising a [[Dissimulation|dissimulated]] [[Open market|closed-market]] [[swindle]] and various, related, [[Advance-fee fraud|advance fee frauds]]’ <ref>[http://mlmtheamericandreammadenightmare.blogspot.com/ “MLM The American Dream Made Nightmare”], “MLM The American Dream Made Nightmare”, June 8, 2013</ref>. |
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In April 2013, it was reported that former ([[Austria|Austrian]]) participants of Lyoness had organised themselves and founded an organisation and website called ''Plattform Lyoness''<ref>[http://www.plattform-lyoness.at “Plattform Lyoness”], “Plattform Lyoness”, June 8, 2013</ref><ref>ORF Report episode ‘Der Mann hinter Lyoness’, April 23, 2013</ref>. Not much later, an [[international]] equivalent was established under the name ''Lyoness Complaint Centre''<ref>[http://www.cc-lyoness.blogspot.com “Lyoness Complaint Centre”], “Lyoness Complaint Centre”, June 8, 2013</ref>. |
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In the beginning of June 2013, it was reported that Lyoness filed [[Complaint|legal complaints]] against the founders of ''Plattform Lyoness''<ref>[http://derstandard.at/1369362712626/Lyoness-Gegner-duerfen-Ermittlungsakt-nicht-veroeffentlichen “Ermittlungsakt für Lyoness-Gegner tabu”], “Der Standard”, June 5, 2013</ref><ref>[http://www.plattform-lyoness.at/forum/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=876 “ Klage und einstweilige Verfügung gegen Plattform”], “Plattform Lyoness”, June 4, 2013</ref>. The founders were forced to remove [[Legal instrument|legal documents]] concerning Lyoness from their [[website]] <ref>[http://derstandard.at/1369362712626/Lyoness-Gegner-duerfen-Ermittlungsakt-nicht-veroeffentlichen “Ermittlungsakt für Lyoness-Gegner tabu”], “Der Standard”, June 5, 2013</ref>. |
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==External Links== |
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[http://www.lyoness.net/ Official Lyoness Website] |
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[http://www.lyoness.com/ Official Lyoness Corporate Website] |
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[http://www.plattform-lyoness.at/ Official Plattform Lyoness Website] |
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[http://www.cc-lyoness.blogspot.com/ International Lyoness Complaint Centre] |
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==References== |
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<references/> |
Revision as of 13:57, 8 June 2013
Since 2003, 'Lyoness' has been the registered trademark name for an expanding[1] group of globally distributed (mostly privately-owned, limited-liability) corporate structures, which originated in Austria[2]. It comprises at least 7 corporations registered in Switzerland[3], 9 corporations registered in Austria [4] and approximately 42 additional national and regional corporations all around the globe[5]. The name ‘Lyoness’ was derived from the Celtic mythological kingdom ‘Lyonesse’[6].
The main corporation, then called ‘Lyoness Holding Europe AG’, was registered in 2003 by Iwan J. Ackermann, Max Meienberg and Uwe Proch[7]. In 2004, the publicly-known CEO of Lyoness, Hubert Freidl, was hired by this corporation as a director [8]. Lyoness, in its entity, has an estimated annual turnover of 1.2 billion euros (2012) [9], with a self-proclaimed member total of 2,800,000 (as of June 2013) [10]. Lyoness is currently active in more than 40 countries spread over 6 continents[11].
Business model
Lyoness operates an international, cross-sectoral shopping community[12]. Participants receive discounts while shopping at companies affiliated to Lyoness through four different systems[13].:
Cashback card, a discount card Discount vouchers, issued by partner companies Mobile cashback, a discount-oriented smartphone application software Online shopping, through a shopping portal offered on the Lyoness website
The Lyoness shopping community has currently (as of May 2013) an estimated 2.8 million members around the globe[14], receiving discounts while shopping at 29,000 Lyoness partners[15], with over 150,000 points of acceptance[16]. Through the discounts systems, Lyoness members receive direct discounts of 1-2% in the form of cash back on every purchase made at a Lyoness partner[17]. The sum of the obtained discounts needs to be €10 or higher in order for it to be transferred to the account of the Lyoness member[18].
Next to discounts over personal purchases, Lyoness members receive an 0.5% commission over the purchases made by the people they have introduced to Lyoness, as well as 0.5% over the purchases made by the people introduced by the people they have brought in[19]. Lyoness refers to this system as the ‘Friendship Bonus’[20].
Additional to the 1-2% cash back that Lyoness members receive, a percentage of the expenditures of members at Lyoness partner companies is transferred into the Lyoness position system – which is a system in which left-over discounts are saved up into positions[21]. When enough new positions are entered into the position chain, the holder of the original position is rewarded with earnings through a concept called ‘system commission’ or ‘loyalty commission’ and when 35 positions have been entered above the original position, as well as under the position, the original position is multiplied in value by 9 (i.e. a 50 euro position gains a value of 450 euros) [22].
In order to become a Lyoness ‘Premium Member’, one needs to put in a down-payment of at least 2000 euros on future discounts[23]. Commonly, these 2000 euros are used to acquire 7 positions of 50 euros, 3 positions of 150 euros and 3 positions of 400 euros [24]. The partner companies (entitled ‘Loyalty Merchants’) offering discounts to Lyoness members, need to become a ‘Premium Member’ as well, meaning they also have to put in a down-payment on future discounts of at least 2000 euros as well, if they want to enrol in the ‘loyalty merchant program’ for a flat fee of $570 per shopping location[25]. If companies do not wish to become a ‘Premium Member’ of Lyoness, the sign-up fee is $1999 per location[26]. Additionally, they may be required to pay $26 per month in ‘network charges’. [27].
Social involvement
According to Lyoness, every purchase made by its members at its partner companies benefits the Lyoness Child and Family Foundation (a Lyoness-owned charity organisation) [28] and the Lyoness Greenfinity Foundation (a Lyoness-owned organisation promoting sustainability) [29].
Lyoness, together with its Greenfinity Foundation, is the main sponsor of the annual Austrian Open golf tournament, now named Lyoness Open [30]. This tournament is part of the 2013 European Tour [31]. In 2012, a contract defining the sponsorship for three more years (until 2014) was signed[32]. Lyoness also sponsors the ‘European Juniors League’, a European football competition for youth teams[33].
Controversy
One year after Lyoness was founded, in 2004, the Austrian criminal police (Kriminalpolizei) published an article[34] in the December issue of its organisation’s magazine, in which it warned for the resurfacing of Ponzi schemes and pyramid schemes in Austria. Lyoness was explicitly mentioned in this article. Lyoness contested the allegations publicly[35]. In 2005, Austrian Parliament member, Johann Maier (SPÖ) asked the then-incumbent Austrian Minister of Justice (Karin Miklautsch, BZÖ) parliamentary questions about the reports filed against alleged pyramid schemes in Austria in 2004[36]. Lyoness was one of the organisations complaints were filed against[37].
In 2008, the Austrian Chamber of Labour (‘Arbeiterkammer’) of Steiermark issued a warning against Lyoness, listing its alleged privacy violations, misleading advertising, deceptive information and unrealistic and negligible benefits as red flags for doing business with Lyoness[38]. In 2010, the Vorarlberg branch of the Chamber of Labour issued a similar warning [39]. The Chamber warned against the unreliability of the discount vouchers, the false and deceptive information spread by Lyoness, privacy violations, the redundancy of the ‘Cashback card’ and the unlikeliness of receiving any returns on investments if no-one is recruited into the system.
In March 2010, the Swiss medium Beobachter published an article[40] by Pascale Hofmeier entitled ‘ Lyoness: Hands off’. In the article, Sara Stalder of the Swiss Consumer Union and Manuel Richard of the Swiss Gambling Commission warn consumers not to do business with Lyoness. In the beginning of 2012, Kleine Zeitung published an article[41] suggesting that Lyoness has deceived the masses by operating an irrelevant shopping community, whereas actually, it is all about the systems behind this community. L’Hebdo, a Swiss medium, reproduced a story about how Lyoness members are told that an investment of 3,000 CHF will eventually lead to 25,000 CHF in return, if enough new, down-paying members are recruited[42].
In February 2012, the Beobachter published an article[43] stating that, based on consideration of internal Lyoness communication, members are offered ‘bounties’ up to 45,000 CHF to provide ‘relevant information’ on Lyoness’ critics. A critic from Zurich was reported to have been sued for over 1 million CHF for ‘defamation’ after he contacted Lyoness’ partner companies in Switzerland in an attempt to explain the business model of Lyoness to them. The article also reported that the Lyoness business model seems to revolve around recruiting activities instead of discounts and that Lyoness is internationally charged with forgery, fraud and hosting a pyramid scheme.
Der Standard reported in July 2012 that the Austrian Economic and Corruption Prosecutor (‘WKStA’) has been granted jurisdiction to investigate and prosecute Lyoness in Austria [44]. Additionally, criminal charges are pending in Switzerland. The Swiss Handelszeitung mentioned a court case Lyoness lost, which revolved around the question as to whether Lyoness should have issued a financial prospectus before asking investors to finance their foreign-markets advertising campaigns [45]. In September 2012, the same newspaper reported[46] that major, alleged Lyoness partners in Switzerland (Microsoft and Kuoni Travel) were announcing not to continue the partnerships, if there were any to begin with. The Wiener Zeitung reported[47] about a pending lawsuit initiated by the Austrian Consumer Organisation ‘VKI’ in March 2013. The VKI contests 61 clauses of Lyoness’ ‘General Terms and Conditions’, which it called opaque, uncertain, and/or meaningless[48][49][50]. Eric Breiteneder, hired as a legal representative by the organisation, also referred to the concepts used to distinguish various parts of – and benefits within the Lyoness business model as vague and/or undefined elsewhere[51][52].
The Handelszeitung reported about suspicions that high-level Lyoness members were earlier involved in (other) pyramid schemes, like the ‘Spirit of Independence’[53]. It also mentioned a system called ‘GTS’ (Global Trade System), operated by Erin Trade SA, as a former organisation tied to Hubert Freidl[54]. Like Lyoness, this company has been called a pyramid scheme in the public debate [55]. The Kleine Zeitung reported that various experts were looking at the investment schemes for advertising campaigns organised by Lyoness, and whether a prospectus was required before attracting capital from investors [56]. Lyoness-hired[57] professor Susanne Kalls concluded that no capital market regulations were violated by not issuing a prospectus; attorney Karl Hengstberger came to the opposite conclusion [58]. In the same article, Mathias Vorbach, spokesman of Lyoness, admits that Lyoness may have had some trouble before, but that those days are behind us – Lyoness has learned from its mistakes [59]. He asserts the message that legal problems have only appeared in Austria (a contested claim) and that 95% of the Lyoness members just shop and do not participate in the earning models offered by Lyoness[60]. However, the Beobachter, after reportedly considering internal Lyoness documents, published an article[61] suggesting that 99.7% of the Lyoness turnover derives from down-payments on future purchases, not from actual shopping or (saved up) discounts.
Lyoness contests that it operates a pyramid scheme, as well as that it violated the relevant capital markets regulations when offering investments without issuing a prospectus [62].
Television
On November 30, 2011, Dragons’ Den Canada aired an episode featuring the pitch of a Lyoness ‘Premium Member’ from Ontario, Canada, in which he asked the ‘Dragons’ to jointly invest 175,000 Canadian Dollars to acquire Lyoness ‘business packages’ through him[63]. None of the Dragons were willing to invest. Instead, they ridiculed him and his business idea, claiming it to be a ‘distasteful pyramid scheme’. They also advised the Lyoness member, who borrowed against his house to acquire Lyoness positions, not to invest any more money in the Lyoness system[64].
Another television show that has reported on Lyoness is the Austrian public television program ORF Report. This programme aired episodes under the names ‘The money mule’ (December 19, 2012) and ‘The man behind Lyoness’ (April 23, 2013), interviewing experts and former participants, which both say that Lyoness operates a pyramid scheme behind the façade of a ‘shopping community’ [65] [66]. The latter episode also features hidden camera footage of Hubert Freidl telling his followers that spreading ‘Cashback Cards’ is irrelevant – ‘it is all about the positions, positions, positions, positions’[67].
Legality
In the meantime, both Austrian and Swiss authorities have started investigations of the Lyoness business model and the related allegations that the company is running an illegal pyramid scheme[68]. Reportedly, similar investigations were started in Hungary[69] and Australia. Also, it was reported that the Austrian Consumers Union has filed suit against Lyoness for providing participants with unclear and deceptive terms and conditions[70]. According to the website of his law firm, VKI-attorney Breiteneder is currently the attorney of about 300 former Lyoness participants who are demanding their money back from Lyoness[71]. Reportedly, he has managed to get his clients’ money back on several occasions[72]. These clients had invested money in the advertising campaigns organised by Lyoness, and several option trading packages offered by Lyoness, but were not provided with a prospectus[73]. The Viennese Commercial Court has on several occasions ruled that this violates the Austrian legislation on investments and has granted the plaintiffs the right to demand their money back[74].
Income
From a leaked internal Lyoness income disclosure statement [75] can be derived that the average Lyoness member in the United States receives a gross annual commission of approximately $275, or $23 per month. The monthly median commission value of $0.38 indicates that the vast majority of the members receives a lower commission than the 23 dollar monthly average [76].
Additionally, the document states that 46% of the Lyoness members makes $0 in commission and that the average annual expenditures, not taken into account when calculating the [[average] commission, are $1,294[77].
Internet
On the Internet, various websites and Blogs from all over the world have spent attention on Lyoness, accusing the company of illegal business practices (mainly of running pyramid and Ponzi schemes) and questioning the alleged partnerships between Lyoness and several multinational corporations, as well as the validity and relevance of the certificates granted to the Lyoness shopping community. English author David Brear’s copyrighted study of the subject concludes that: 'Lyoness is an unoriginal, blame-the-victim, cultic racket comprising a dissimulated closed-market swindle and various, related, advance fee frauds’ [78].
In April 2013, it was reported that former (Austrian) participants of Lyoness had organised themselves and founded an organisation and website called Plattform Lyoness[79][80]. Not much later, an international equivalent was established under the name Lyoness Complaint Centre[81].
In the beginning of June 2013, it was reported that Lyoness filed legal complaints against the founders of Plattform Lyoness[82][83]. The founders were forced to remove legal documents concerning Lyoness from their website [84].
External Links
Official Lyoness Corporate Website
Official Plattform Lyoness Website
International Lyoness Complaint Centre
References
- ^ “Lyoness Corporate Structure – Countries” “Lyoness Official Corporate Website”, June 7, 2013
- ^ “Lyoness Corporate Structure – Organigramm” “Lyoness Official Corporate Website”, June 7, 2013
- ^ “Moneyhouse: Lyoness”, “Moneyhouse Company Register: Lyoness”, June 7, 2013
- ^ “Monetas: Lyoness”, “Monetas Company Register: Lyoness”, June 7, 2013
- ^ “Lyoness Corporate Structure – Organigramm” “Lyoness Official Corporate Website”, June 7, 2013
- ^ Business People Top1000 2009, page 66
- ^ Excerpt from the St. Gallen (Switzerland) Chamber of Commerce, April 30, 2013
- ^ Excerpt from the St. Gallen (Switzerland) Chamber of Commerce, April 30, 2013
- ^ “Bei Lyoness tobt der Krieg der Gutachter” “Kleine Zeitung”, April 19, 2013
- ^ “Lyoness Company Website” “Lyoness Official Corporate Website”, June 8, 2013
- ^ “Lyoness Corporate Structure – Organigramm” “Lyoness Official Corporate Website”, June 7, 2013
- ^ “How does Lyoness work” “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013
- ^ “How does Lyoness work” “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013
- ^ “Lyoness Company Website” “Lyoness Official Corporate Website”, June 8, 2013
- ^ “Lyoness Corporate Structure – Organigramm” “Lyoness Official Corporate Website”, June 7, 2013
- ^ “General questions regarding Lyoness” “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013
- ^ “Lyoness Loyalty Program Benefits” “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013
- ^ “Lyoness: Info and Facts” “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013
- ^ “Lyoness Loyalty Program Benefits” “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013
- ^ “Lyoness Loyalty Program Benefits” “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013
- ^ “Lyoness Loyalty Program Benefits” “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013
- ^ “Lyoness Loyalty Program Benefits” “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013
- ^ ORF Report episode ‘Der Mann hinter Lyoness’, April 23, 2013
- ^ ORF Report episode ‘Der Mann hinter Lyoness’, April 23, 2013
- ^ “Lyoness Loyalty Merchant Program” “Lyoness Official Presentation”, June 8, 2013
- ^ “Lyoness Loyalty Merchant Program” “Lyoness Official Presentation”, June 8, 2013
- ^ “Costs for online store inclusion” “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013
- ^ “General questions regarding Lyoness” “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013
- ^ “Lyoness Greenfinity Foundation” “Lyoness Greenfinity Foundation Official Website”, June 8, 2013
- ^ “Lyoness Open: Sponsors” “Lyoness Open Website”, June 8, 2013
- ^ “Lyoness Open powered by Greenfinity” “European Tour Official Website”, June 8, 2013
- ^ “Lyoness Open Sponsor Agreement” “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013
- ^ “Lyoness European Juniors League” “European Juniors League Website”, June 8, 2013
- ^ Gier nach Geld – Schneeballsysteme und getarnte Pyramidenspiele erleben einen neuen Aufschwung, Kriminalpolizei, December, 2004
- ^ Gegendarstellung Kriminalpolizei, Kripo Online, January 2005
- ^ “Anfragebeantwortung”, “Austrian Parliamentary Materials”, August 3, 2005
- ^ “Anfragebeantwortung”, “Austrian Parliamentary Materials”, August 3, 2005
- ^ “AK: Vorsicht bei Einkaufsgemeinschaft Lyoness”, “ORF”, November 11, 2008
- ^ [ http://www.ak-vorarlberg.at/bilder/d120/lyoness_internet.pdf “ Wichtige Informationen zur Einkaufsgemeinschaft Lyoness”], ”Arbeiterkammer Vorarlberg”, March, 2010
- ^ “Lyoness: Haende weg!”, “Beobachter”, March, 2010
- ^ “Lyoness Verhandlung Klagenfurt”, “Kleine Zeitung”, January, 2012
- ^ “Lyoness ou l’argent facile”, “L’Hebdo”, Februari, 2012
- ^ “Lyoness: Drohen mit Millionenforderung”, “Beobachter”, February, 2012
- ^ “Lyoness ist Fall für Korruptions-Ankläger”, “Der Standard”, July 2012
- ^ “Urteil gegen umstrittene Schweizer firma Lyoness”, “Handelszeitung”, June, 2012
- ^ “Urteil gegen umstrittene Schweizer firma Lyoness”, “Handelszeitung”, September 2012
- ^ “Auf Lyoness rollt Klagelawine zu”, “Wiener Zeitung”, March 2013
- ^ “Auf Lyoness rollt Klagelawine zu”, “Wiener Zeitung”, March 2013
- ^ “Bei Lyoness tobt der Krieg der Gutachter”, “Kleine Zeitung”, April 19, 2013
- ^ “Verbandsklage zielt auf das Rückgrat von Lyoness ab”, “Wirtschaftsblatt”, April 23, 2013
- ^ “ Causa Lyoness – VKI leitet Verbandsklage ein”, “Format”, April 23, 2013
- ^ “Causa Lyoness – VKI leitet Verbandsklage ein”, “Der Standard”, April 23, 2013
- ^ “Lyoness: Top-Kader sahnten mit illegalem Schenkkreis ab”, “Handelszeitung”, April 3, 2013
- ^ “Lyoness: Top-Kader sahnten mit illegalem Schenkkreis ab”, “Handelszeitung”, April 3, 2013
- ^ “Lyoness: Top-Kader sahnten mit illegalem Schenkkreis ab”, “Handelszeitung”, April 3, 2013
- ^ “Bei Lyoness tobt der Krieg der Gutachter”, “Kleine Zeitung”, April 19, 2013
- ^ [ http://derstandard.at/1363707075511/Lyoness-ruestet-mit-Gutachten-gegen-Klagen “Lyoness rüstet sich mit Gutachten gegen Klagen”], “Der Standard”, April 5, 2013
- ^ “Bei Lyoness tobt der Krieg der Gutachter”, “Kleine Zeitung”, April 19, 2013
- ^ “Bei Lyoness tobt der Krieg der Gutachter”, “Kleine Zeitung”, April 19, 2013
- ^ “Bei Lyoness tobt der Krieg der Gutachter”, “Kleine Zeitung”, April 19, 2013
- ^ [http://www.beobachter.ch/konsum/konsumfallen/artikel/lyoness_der-goldesel/ “Der Goldesel”], “Beobachter”, April, 2013
- ^ [http://www.format.at/articles/1316/943/356828/lyoness-haben-vorschriften “Lyoness: Haben nicht gegen kapitalmarktrechtliche Vorschriften verstoßen”], “Format”, April 18, 2013
- ^ Dragons’ Den Canada season 6: episode 9, November 30, 2011
- ^ Dragons’ Den Canada season 6: episode 9, November 30, 2011
- ^ ORF Report: ‘Der Goldesel‘, December 19, 2013
- ^ ORF Report episode ‘Der Mann hinter Lyoness’, April 23, 2013
- ^ ORF Report episode ‘Der Mann hinter Lyoness’, April 23, 2013
- ^ “Lyoness ist Fall für Korruptions-Ankläger”, “Der Standard”, July 2012
- ^ [http://www.gvh.hu/gvh/alpha?do=2&pg=344&st=3&m391_act=13&m299_doc=8132 “Versenyhivatali eljárás indult a Lyoness Hungary Kft-vel és a Lyoness Europe AG-vel szemben”], “Hungarian Competition Authority”, March 6, 2013
- ^ “Auf Lyoness rollt Klagelawine zu”, “Wiener Zeitung”, March 2013
- ^ “Aktuelle Causen: Lyoness”, “Breiteneder Attorneys”, June 8, 2013
- ^ “Aktuelle Causen: Lyoness”, “Breiteneder Attorneys”, June 8, 2013
- ^ “Aktuelle Causen: Lyoness”, “Breiteneder Attorneys”, June 8, 2013
- ^ “Anonymisiertes Urteil gegen Lyoness”, “Breiteneder Attorneys”, June 8, 2013
- ^ “Lyoness Income Disclosure Statement 2012”, “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013
- ^ “Lyoness Income Disclosure Statement 2012”, “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013
- ^ “Lyoness Income Disclosure Statement 2012”, “Lyoness Official Website”, June 8, 2013
- ^ “MLM The American Dream Made Nightmare”, “MLM The American Dream Made Nightmare”, June 8, 2013
- ^ “Plattform Lyoness”, “Plattform Lyoness”, June 8, 2013
- ^ ORF Report episode ‘Der Mann hinter Lyoness’, April 23, 2013
- ^ “Lyoness Complaint Centre”, “Lyoness Complaint Centre”, June 8, 2013
- ^ “Ermittlungsakt für Lyoness-Gegner tabu”, “Der Standard”, June 5, 2013
- ^ “ Klage und einstweilige Verfügung gegen Plattform”, “Plattform Lyoness”, June 4, 2013
- ^ “Ermittlungsakt für Lyoness-Gegner tabu”, “Der Standard”, June 5, 2013