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Jetstream, with all the respect, there is no word "Freizo" in Portuguese, only Freixo, name of a tree and a Portuguese town called "Freixo de Espada à Cinta", for which Cuamba was named early in the Portuguese admin. If the source has Freizo it is wrong.
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A Beira–[[Harare|Salisbury]] route was launched in {{startdate|1947|2}}, with scheduled services to [[Durban]] and [[Madagascar]] also starting by the end of that year.{{sfnp|Guttery|1998|p=130}} By {{Start date|1952|3}} the [[Air carrier|carrier]] was operating a {{convert|2000|mi|adj=on}} long route network that included domestic services as well as international ones to [[Durban]], [[Johannesburg]] and Salisbury, served with a fleet of six [[de Havilland Dove|Dove]]s, five Rapides, three [[Douglas DC-3]]s, two [[Lockheed Lodestar]]s, a [[Lockheed L-14]] and a Junkers Ju-52.<ref>{{cite magazine|title= The World's Airlines{{spaced ndash}}DETA (Divisao de Exploracao des Transportes Aereos)|journal= [[Flight (magazine)|Flight]]|date= {{date|1952-5-16}}|pages= 593|format= PDF|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1952/1952%20-%201371.html|accessdate= {{date|2012-1-5}}}}</ref> A new [[Moçambique (city)|Moçambique]]–[[Nampula]]–[[Vila Cabral]] run that called at three more intermediate stops was opened in 1954. The last leg of this service was temporarily suspended when Vila Cabral was excluded from the airline's list of destinations, but flights to the city were later reinstated after Vila Cabral got linked with Beira via [[Vila Pery]], [[Tete]] and [[Ulongué|Vila Coutinho]].{{sfnp|Guttery|1998|p=130}} At {{startdate|1955|3}}, the carrier's fleet included three [[DC-3]]s, six Doves, one Dragon Fly, four Dragon Rapides, two Junkers Ju-52/3s, one Lockheed 14H, two Lodestars and two Horner Moths.<ref name="Flight1955-306" />
A Beira–[[Harare|Salisbury]] route was launched in {{startdate|1947|2}}, with scheduled services to [[Durban]] and [[Madagascar]] also starting by the end of that year.{{sfnp|Guttery|1998|p=130}} By {{Start date|1952|3}} the [[Air carrier|carrier]] was operating a {{convert|2000|mi|adj=on}} long route network that included domestic services as well as international ones to [[Durban]], [[Johannesburg]] and Salisbury, served with a fleet of six [[de Havilland Dove|Dove]]s, five Rapides, three [[Douglas DC-3]]s, two [[Lockheed Lodestar]]s, a [[Lockheed L-14]] and a Junkers Ju-52.<ref>{{cite magazine|title= The World's Airlines{{spaced ndash}}DETA (Divisao de Exploracao des Transportes Aereos)|journal= [[Flight (magazine)|Flight]]|date= {{date|1952-5-16}}|pages= 593|format= PDF|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1952/1952%20-%201371.html|accessdate= {{date|2012-1-5}}}}</ref> A new [[Moçambique (city)|Moçambique]]–[[Nampula]]–[[Vila Cabral]] run that called at three more intermediate stops was opened in 1954. The last leg of this service was temporarily suspended when Vila Cabral was excluded from the airline's list of destinations, but flights to the city were later reinstated after Vila Cabral got linked with Beira via [[Vila Pery]], [[Tete]] and [[Ulongué|Vila Coutinho]].{{sfnp|Guttery|1998|p=130}} At {{startdate|1955|3}}, the carrier's fleet included three [[DC-3]]s, six Doves, one Dragon Fly, four Dragon Rapides, two Junkers Ju-52/3s, one Lockheed 14H, two Lodestars and two Horner Moths.<ref name="Flight1955-306" />


The airline was one of the latest worldwide to operate the Junkers Ju-52s on scheduled services.{{sfnp|Guttery|1998|p=130}} Two of these aircraft were still part of the aircraft park in {{startdate|1960|4}}, along with three DC-3s, four Doves, three Lodestars and four Rapides that operated a domestic network plus international services to Durban, Johannesburg and Salisbury.<ref name="Flight1960-498" /> DETA started a fleet modernisation in the early 1960s, when three [[Fokker F27|Fokker F27-200]]s ordered in {{Start date|1961|6}}, making the airline the {{ordinal|64}} customer for the type, had already been handed over to the company by {{Start date|1962|8}}; the first of them was named “Lourenço Marques” after the capital city of [[Portuguese East Africa]].<ref name="FI1962-152" /><ref name="Flight1961-910" /> DETA and [[Air Malawi]] inaugurated the Beira–[[Blantyre]] service in 1964; it was operated in a pool agreement between the two carriers. In 1965, [[Cuamba|Nova Freizo]] was added to the route network; in {{MONTHNAME|11}} that year, a service linking Beira with Lourenço Marques was launched. In {{startdate|1966|3}}, DETA and [[Swazi Air]] commenced flying the Lourenço Marques–[[Manzini, Swaziland|Manzini]] run on a joint basis.{{sfnp|Guttery|1998|p=130}} Two [[Boeing 737-200]]s were ordered in 1968 both to complement the three F27s, six DC-3s, one Dove, and one [[de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver|Beaver]] already in the fleet, and to support the company's regional expansion, that had grown up to five destinations regionally served with the addition of Blantyre and Manzini to the network.<ref name="FI1968-520" /><ref name="FI1968-532" /> The first of these machines entered the fleet in 1969.{{sfnp|Guttery|1998|p=130}} The airline would order two more Boeing 737-200s in the forthcoming years, taking possession of the fourth one in 1973.<ref name="FI1974-232" />
The airline was one of the latest worldwide to operate the Junkers Ju-52s on scheduled services.{{sfnp|Guttery|1998|p=130}} Two of these aircraft were still part of the aircraft park in {{startdate|1960|4}}, along with three DC-3s, four Doves, three Lodestars and four Rapides that operated a domestic network plus international services to Durban, Johannesburg and Salisbury.<ref name="Flight1960-498" /> DETA started a fleet modernisation in the early 1960s, when three [[Fokker F27|Fokker F27-200]]s ordered in {{Start date|1961|6}}, making the airline the {{ordinal|64}} customer for the type, had already been handed over to the company by {{Start date|1962|8}}; the first of them was named “Lourenço Marques” after the capital city of [[Portuguese East Africa]].<ref name="FI1962-152" /><ref name="Flight1961-910" /> DETA and [[Air Malawi]] inaugurated the Beira–[[Blantyre]] service in 1964; it was operated in a pool agreement between the two carriers. In 1965, [[Cuamba|Nova Freixo]] was added to the route network; in {{MONTHNAME|11}} that year, a service linking Beira with Lourenço Marques was launched. In {{startdate|1966|3}}, DETA and [[Swazi Air]] commenced flying the Lourenço Marques–[[Manzini, Swaziland|Manzini]] run on a joint basis.{{sfnp|Guttery|1998|p=130}} Two [[Boeing 737-200]]s were ordered in 1968 both to complement the three F27s, six DC-3s, one Dove, and one [[de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver|Beaver]] already in the fleet, and to support the company's regional expansion, that had grown up to five destinations regionally served with the addition of Blantyre and Manzini to the network.<ref name="FI1968-520" /><ref name="FI1968-532" /> The first of these machines entered the fleet in 1969.{{sfnp|Guttery|1998|p=130}} The airline would order two more Boeing 737-200s in the forthcoming years, taking possession of the fourth one in 1973.<ref name="FI1974-232" />


Mozambique gained its independence from Portugal in 1975.{{sfnp|Guttery|1998|p=130}} Intercontinental services started in 1976 serving the Lourenço Marques–Beira–[[Accra]]–[[Lisbon]] route, at first with a [[Boeing 707-320]], and then with a [[Boeing 707-320C]] leased from [[Tempair International Airlines]].<ref>{{cite journal|title= World airline directory{{spaced ndash}}DETA Mozambique Airlines (Linhas Aereas de Mocambique)|journal= [[Flight International]]|date= {{date|1976-4-10}}|pages= 923|format= PDF|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1976/1976%20-%200615.html|accessdate= {{date|2012-1-7}}}}</ref><ref name="FI1976-485/488" /><ref>{{cite magazine|title= World news{{spaced ndash}}Tempair serves Mozambique|journal= [[Flight International]]|date= {{date|1976-1-3}}|pages= 4|format= PDF|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1976/1976%20-%200004.html|accessdate= {{date|2012-1-7}}}}</ref> In 1979, a [[Douglas DC-8]] was ordered.{{sfnp|Guttery|1998|p=130}}
Mozambique gained its independence from Portugal in 1975.{{sfnp|Guttery|1998|p=130}} Intercontinental services started in 1976 serving the Lourenço Marques–Beira–[[Accra]]–[[Lisbon]] route, at first with a [[Boeing 707-320]], and then with a [[Boeing 707-320C]] leased from [[Tempair International Airlines]].<ref>{{cite journal|title= World airline directory{{spaced ndash}}DETA Mozambique Airlines (Linhas Aereas de Mocambique)|journal= [[Flight International]]|date= {{date|1976-4-10}}|pages= 923|format= PDF|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1976/1976%20-%200615.html|accessdate= {{date|2012-1-7}}}}</ref><ref name="FI1976-485/488" /><ref>{{cite magazine|title= World news{{spaced ndash}}Tempair serves Mozambique|journal= [[Flight International]]|date= {{date|1976-1-3}}|pages= 4|format= PDF|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1976/1976%20-%200004.html|accessdate= {{date|2012-1-7}}}}</ref> In 1979, a [[Douglas DC-8]] was ordered.{{sfnp|Guttery|1998|p=130}}

Revision as of 20:36, 1 November 2013

LAM – Linhas Aéreas de Moçambique SARL
LAM – Mozambique Airlines
File:Lam-logo.PNG
IATA ICAO Callsign
TM[1] LAM[1] MOZAMBIQUE[citation needed]
Founded26 August 1936; 88 years ago (1936-08-26) (as Direcção de Exploração de Transportes Aéreos)
Commenced operations22 December 1937 (1937-12-22)
Hubs
[2]
Focus cities
Frequent-flyer programFlamingo Club[3]
SubsidiariesMoçambique Expresso (100%)
Fleet size4
Destinations16
Holding company#Parent companyGovernment of Mozambique
HeadquartersMaputo, Mozambique
Key people
Websitewww.lam.co.mz/en

Linhas Aéreas de Moçambique, Ltd.,[5] operating as LAM – Mozambique Airlines (Portuguese: LAM – Linhas Aéreas de Moçambique), is the flag carrier of Mozambique.[6] Based in Maputo,[4] it operates scheduled services in southern Africa and Europe. The carrier is a member of the International Air Transport Association, and of the African Airlines Association since 1976.[7][8]

LAM – Mozambique Airlines is on the list of airlines banned in the EU, as of April 2011.

History

Early years

The airline was established on 26 August 1936 as DETA – Direcção de Exploração de Transportes Aéreos, as a division of the Department of Railways, Harbours and Airways of the Portuguese colonial government of Mozambique.[9] Charter flights were operated for a short period of time,[10] until a regular airmail service commenced on 22 December 1937 using a Dragonfly, a Hornet and two Rapides.[11][12][13] Shortly afterwards, these services started carrying passengers, most of them government officials.[12] Flown with Rapides, the Lourenço Marques–Germinston route was one of the company’s mainstays in the early years; it was operated on a twice-weekly basis, and connected with Imperial Airways services to London.[14][15] In April 1938 (1938-04), the eight-hour long domestic Lourenço Marques–Inhambane–Beira–Quelimane coastal route was opened.[14] DETA passengers that were flown along the Mozambican coast could also connect with Imperial services at Lourenço Marques. At that time, Imperial Airways ran a service between Cape Town and Cairo that called at Lourenço Marques. Early in 1938, DETA had signed a contract with Imperial for the provision of such feeder services.[12] During the spring, another Hornet was incorporated into the fleet.[12] Also in 1938, the airline acquired three Junkers Ju-52s and two more Rapides.[13] The coastal service was extended farther north in October, reaching Port Amelia.[12] At April 1939 (1939-04), one Drangonfly, one Hornet, three Junkers Ju-52s and six Rapides were part of the fleet.[16] Most of the operations came to a halt following the outbreak of World War II.[12]

A Beira–Salisbury route was launched in February 1947 (1947-02), with scheduled services to Durban and Madagascar also starting by the end of that year.[12] By March 1952 (1952-03) the carrier was operating a 2,000-mile (3,200 km) long route network that included domestic services as well as international ones to Durban, Johannesburg and Salisbury, served with a fleet of six Doves, five Rapides, three Douglas DC-3s, two Lockheed Lodestars, a Lockheed L-14 and a Junkers Ju-52.[17] A new Moçambique–Nampula–Vila Cabral run that called at three more intermediate stops was opened in 1954. The last leg of this service was temporarily suspended when Vila Cabral was excluded from the airline's list of destinations, but flights to the city were later reinstated after Vila Cabral got linked with Beira via Vila Pery, Tete and Vila Coutinho.[12] At March 1955 (1955-03), the carrier's fleet included three DC-3s, six Doves, one Dragon Fly, four Dragon Rapides, two Junkers Ju-52/3s, one Lockheed 14H, two Lodestars and two Horner Moths.[18]

The airline was one of the latest worldwide to operate the Junkers Ju-52s on scheduled services.[12] Two of these aircraft were still part of the aircraft park in April 1960 (1960-04), along with three DC-3s, four Doves, three Lodestars and four Rapides that operated a domestic network plus international services to Durban, Johannesburg and Salisbury.[19] DETA started a fleet modernisation in the early 1960s, when three Fokker F27-200s ordered in June 1961 (1961-06), making the airline the 64th customer for the type, had already been handed over to the company by August 1962 (1962-08); the first of them was named “Lourenço Marques” after the capital city of Portuguese East Africa.[20][21] DETA and Air Malawi inaugurated the Beira–Blantyre service in 1964; it was operated in a pool agreement between the two carriers. In 1965, Nova Freixo was added to the route network; in November that year, a service linking Beira with Lourenço Marques was launched. In March 1966 (1966-03), DETA and Swazi Air commenced flying the Lourenço Marques–Manzini run on a joint basis.[12] Two Boeing 737-200s were ordered in 1968 both to complement the three F27s, six DC-3s, one Dove, and one Beaver already in the fleet, and to support the company's regional expansion, that had grown up to five destinations regionally served with the addition of Blantyre and Manzini to the network.[22][23] The first of these machines entered the fleet in 1969.[12] The airline would order two more Boeing 737-200s in the forthcoming years, taking possession of the fourth one in 1973.[24]

Mozambique gained its independence from Portugal in 1975.[12] Intercontinental services started in 1976 serving the Lourenço Marques–Beira–Accra–Lisbon route, at first with a Boeing 707-320, and then with a Boeing 707-320C leased from Tempair International Airlines.[25][26][27] In 1979, a Douglas DC-8 was ordered.[12]

Renaming

A France-registered McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 wearing LAM Mozambique Airlines markings is seen here at Charles de Gaulle Airport in 1983.

Following allegations of corruption,[28] DETA was restructured and renamed LAM – Linhas Aéreas de Moçambique in early 1980.[11][citation needed]

At March 1985 (1985-03), the carrier had 1,927 employees. At this time, a DC-10-30 and three Boeing 737-200s (including a convertible one) worked on a route network radiating from Maputo that served Beira, Berlin-Schonefeld, Dar-es-Salaam, Harare, Johannesburg, Lisbon, Lusaka, Manzini, Maseru, Moz, Nampula, Paris, Pemba, Sofia and Quelimane.[28]

On 23 December 1998 LAM was transformed into a limited company, adopting the denomination of LAM – Mozambique Airlines by Decree no. 69/98. A limited company incorporated by statute in Mozambique was formed in late 1999.[4] The state holds 91% of the shares and employees hold the balance.[4] As of May 2011, the carrier employs a staff of 695.[4] The company Moçambique Expresso, set up in September 1995 (1995-09),[29] is 100% owned by LAM.[30][additional citation(s) needed]

EU ban

Like all airlines with an AOC issued in Mozambique, the carrier is banned from operating into the European Union. The ban dates back to April 2011 (2011-04).[6][31][32] At that time, the company claimed the Mozambican Civil Aviation Institute was responsible for the actions taken by the European Commission against all Mozambican carriers, and acknowledged itself as an airline with an excellent safety record.[33] Prior to EuroAtlantic Airways launching Boeing 767-300ER operations to Lisbon on LAM's behalf in April 2011 (2011-04),[34][35] the Lisbon–Maputo–Lisbon run was operated by TAP Portugal on codeshare agreement with LAM.[36][37][nb 1] The Maputo–Lisbon–Maputo route, the very same that was launched in November 2011 (2011-11), was announced to be discontinued as from late November that year, ahead of the constitution of a new autonomous division aimed at operating intercontinental routes.[41] As of June 2013, Lisbon was served with A340 equipment.[nb 2]

Destinations

Main article: LAM Mozambique Airlines destinations

Codeshare agreements

As of May 2012 the following routes are codeshared ones, actually operated by the carriers shown:[44][45]

Fleet

Current

A LAM Mozambique Airlines Embraer 190 at OR Tambo International Airport. (2009)

The newest aircraft on LAM's fleet is the Embraer 190, the first of which the airline took possession of in August 2009 (2009-08).[46] The carrier received the second aircraft of the type a month later.[47] As of August 2013, the LAM – Mozambique Airlines fleet consists of the following aircraft:[43]

LAM – Mozambique Airlines Fleet
Aircraft In Fleet Orders Passengers Notes
C Y Total
Boeing 737-500 1 — 14 102 116
Embraer 190 3 — 9 84 93[46]
Total 4 —

Retired

A LAM Mozambique Airlines Boeing 767-200ER at Faro Airport in 1993.

The airline previously operated the following aircraft:[48]

Accidents and incidents

As of January 2012, Aviation Safety Network records six hull-loss events for the airline. Half of these events occurred in the DETA era, while the other three correspond to LAM and only carried with the loss of equipment.[53][54] Following is a list of these events.

Date Location Aircraft Tail number Aircraft damage Fatalities Description Refs
23 February 1944 MozambiqueQuelimane Lockheed L-14 CR-AAV W/O Un­known Crashed on takeoff at Quelimane Airport. [55]
12 February 1950 MozambiqueLagoa Páti Ju-52 Un­known W/O Un­known Un­known [56]
27 March 1970 MozambiqueLourenço Marques F27-200 CR-AIB W/O 3/3 Crashed on a training flight at Lourenço Marques Airport. [57]
27 March 1983 MozambiqueQuelimane Boeing 737-200 C9-BAB W/O 0/110 Undercarriage failure after landing some 400 metres (1,300 ft) short of the runway at Quelimane Airport. [58]
9 February 1989 MozambiqueLichinga Boeing 737-200 C9-BAD W/O 0/108 Overran the runway on landing at Lichinga Airport. [59][60]
5 October 1998 MozambiqueOff Maputo Boeing 747SP ZS-SPF W/O 0/66 Emergency landing, following an engine failure at 5,000 feet (1,500 m) that led to a fire. The aircraft, leased from South African Airways, was due to operate the Maputo–Lisbon route. [61][62]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ All airlines from Mozambique have been included in the last three lists of airlines banned in the EU released in April[38] and December 2012 (2012-12),[39] and July 2013 (2013-07).[40]
  2. ^ According to latest timetable available.[42] The fleet composition includes no A340s for LAM Mozambique Airlines.[43]

References

  1. ^ a b "Profile on LAM - Mozambique Airlines". Centre for Aviation. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
  2. ^ "LAM strengthens client support at Maputo International Airport" (Press release). LAM Mozambique Airlines. 30 January 2012. Archived from the original on 17 August 2013.
  3. ^ "Flamingo Club". LAM Mozambique Airlines. Retrieved 15 December 2011.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g "Company History". LAM Mozambique Airlines. Retrieved 15 December 2011.
  5. ^ a b Kaminski-Morrow, David (19 April 2011). "Mozambique is latest state to face EU blacklist ban". London: Flightglobal. Archived from the original on 14 May 2012.
  6. ^ "Membership". International Air Transport Association. Retrieved 15 December 2011.
  7. ^ "AFRAA Members". AFRAA. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
  8. ^ "World airline directory – DETA Mozambique Airlines". Flight International. 118 (3716): 309. 26 July 1980. ISSN 0015-3710. Archived from the original on 16 August 2013.
  9. ^ Guttery (1998), p. 129.
  10. ^ a b c d "World Airline Directory – LAM - Linhas Aereas de Moçambique". Flight International. 157 (4722): 91. 4 April 2000 – 10 April 2000. ISSN 0015-3710. Archived from the original on 9 October 2013. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Guttery (1998), p. 130.
  12. ^ a b "Commercial Aviation – Eighteen Rapides". Flight. Vol. XXXV, no. 1582. 20 April 1939. p. 398. Archived from the original on 9 October 2013.
  13. ^ a b "Commercial Aviation: World News – Portugal and Africa". Flight. Vol. XXXIII, no. 1533. 12 May 1938. p. 477. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 October 2013.
  14. ^ "Commercial Aviation: World News – Saving a Day in Africa". Flight. Vol. XXXIII, no. 1521. 17 February 1938. p. 162. Archived from the original on 9 October 2013.
  15. ^ "Airline companies of the World—Africa – D.E.T.A. Airways". Flight. Vol. XXXV, no. 1583. 27 April 1939. p. 429. Archived from the original on 8 October 2013.
  16. ^ "The World's Airlines – DETA (Divisao de Exploracao des Transportes Aereos)" (PDF). Flight. 16 May 1952. p. 593. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
  17. ^ "World airline directory – Divisao de Exploracao dos Transportes Aeros [sic]". Flight. 67 (2407): 306. 11 March 1955. Archived from the original on 11 August 2013.
  18. ^ "Airlines of the World – Divisao de Exploraçao dos Transportes Aéreos—DETA". Flight International. Vol. 77, no. 2665. 8 April 1960. p. 498. Archived from the original on 29 August 2013.
  19. ^ "Air commerce..." Flight. Vol. 82, no. 2786. 2 August 1962. p. 158. Archived from the original on 16 August 2013. All three Friendship 200s for DETA of Mozambique have now arrived in Africa. The first aircraft, named "Lourenco Marques" after the provincial capital, is seen on flight test over Zeeland
  20. ^ "Friendships for Portuguese East". Flight. Vol. 79, no. 2729. 29 June 1961. p. 910. Archived from the original on 16 August 2013.
  21. ^ "737s for DETA". Flight International. 3108 (94): 520. 3 October 1968. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. The Mozambique airline DETA has ordered two Boeing 737-200s for delivery late next year, bringing to 213 the number of 737s sold. DETA has three F.27s and six DC-3s in service for regional operations.
  22. ^ "World airline survey – Direccao de Exploracao dos Transportes Aereos (DETA)". Flight International. Vol. 93, no. 3083. 11 April 1968. p. 532. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013.
  23. ^ "World airlines update". Flight International. 105 (3389): 232. 21 February 1974. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. DETA ordered and took delivery of a fourth Boeing 737-200 last October.
  24. ^ "World airline directory – DETA Mozambique Airlines (Linhas Aereas de Mocambique)" (PDF). Flight International: 923. 10 April 1976. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  25. ^
  26. ^ "World news – Tempair serves Mozambique" (PDF). Flight International. 3 January 1976. p. 4. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  27. ^ a b "World Airline Directory – Linhas Aéreas de Mocambique (LAM)". Flight International. 127 (3953): 93. 30 March 1985. ISSN 0015-3710. Archived from the original on 17 August 2013.
  28. ^ "Moçambique Expresso airline receives Embraer 145 airplane". Macauhub. 25 February 2013. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013.
  29. ^ "MEX – Receives a Jet, Embraer 145" (Press release). LAM Mozambique Airlines. 4 March 2013. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013.
  30. ^ Buyck, Cathy (20 April 2011). "EC bans Mozambique airlines from European airspace". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 14 May 2012. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
  31. ^ "Mozambique airlines banned from European airports". The Independent. 20 April 2011. Archived from the original on 16 August 2013.
  32. ^ "Mozambique: IACM Wants 'Further Information' On EU Ban". AllAfrica.com. 20 April 2011. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013.
  33. ^ Buyck, Cathy (2 May 2011). "African airlines say they are 'being progressively destroyed' by EU blacklist". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 14 May 2012. Retrieved 14 May 2012. LAM said it will be able to continue offering Maputo-Lisbon service despite Mozambique's addition to the EU blacklist by wet-leasing a Boeing 767-300ER from Portuguese ACMI provider euroAtlantic.
  34. ^ "EC bans Mozambican airlines on safety grounds". Maputo: Bloomberg Businessweek. Associated Press. 19 April 2011. Archived from the original on 14 May 2012. Retrieved 14 May 2012. Portugal's EuroAtlantic Airways provides the aircraft, crew and maintenance for twice weekly Mozambique Airlines Maputo-Lisbon flights.
  35. ^ "Mozambique: LAM Resumes Flights to Lisbon". AllAfrica.com. 1 April 2011. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013.
  36. ^ "Mozambique: LAM Plans Flights to Lisbon As From April". AllAfrica.com. 29 December 2010. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013.
  37. ^ "List of air carriers of which all operations are subject to a ban within the EU". European Commission – Mobility & Transport. 3 April 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 April 2012. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
  38. ^ "List of airlines banned within the EU". European Commission. 4 December 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 December 2012.
  39. ^
  40. ^ "Mozambique: LAM Halts Flights to Lisbon". AllAfrica.com. 10 November 2011. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013.
  41. ^ "Flight Timetable (Effective 23 June 2013 – 26 October 2013)". LAM Mozambique Airlines. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 August 2013.
  42. ^ a b "LAM - Linhas Aéreas de Moçambique Fleet". ch-aviation GmbH. Archived from the original on 16 August 2013.
  43. ^ "Ethiopian Code Share with Mozambique Airlines" (Press release). Ethiopian Airlines. 4 May 2011. Archived from the original on 10 May 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  44. ^ "Codeshare". Kenya Airways. Archived from the original on 21 April 2012. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
  45. ^ a b "PICTURE: Mozambique's LAM takes first Embraer 190". Flightglobal.com. 10 August 2009. Archived from the original on 11 May 2012. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
  46. ^ "Mozambican airline LAM takes delivery of second Embraer 190 aircraft". Macauhub. 9 September 2009. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013.
  47. ^ "SubFleets for: LAM Mozambique". AeroTransport Data Bank. 21 May 2013. Archived from the original on 21 May 2013.
  48. ^ a b c "World Airline Directory – Linhas Aereas de Moçambique (LAM)". Flight International. 24 March 1993 – 30 March 1993. p. 106. Archived from the original on 7 September 2012. Retrieved 7 September 2012. {{cite magazine}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  49. ^ a b c d "Directory: world airlines – Linhas Aereas de Mocambique LAM". Flight International: 90. 19 March 2002 – 25 March 2002. Archived from the original on 7 September 2012. Retrieved 7 September 2012. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  50. ^ a b "World Airline Directory | Linhas Aereas de Mocambique (LAM)" (pdf). Flight International: 105. 14 March 1990 – 20 March 1990. Retrieved 27 March 2011. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  51. ^ "Other News - 12/16/2008". Air Transport World. 17 December 2008. Archived from the original on 14 May 2012. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
  52. ^ "Accident record for LAM Mozambique Airlines". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  53. ^ "Accident record for DETA Mozambique Airlines". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  54. ^ Accident description for CR-AAV at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 10 January 2012.
  55. ^ Accident description at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 10 January 2012.
  56. ^ Accident description for CR-AIB at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 10 January 2012.
  57. ^ Accident description for C9-BAB at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 24 January 2012.
  58. ^ Accident description for C9-BAD at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 13 January 2012.
  59. ^ "1989 airline safety so far – Non-fatal accidents/incidents: scheduled passenger flights" (PDF). Flight International. 22 July 1989. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
  60. ^ Accident description for ZS-SPF at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 10 January 2012.
  61. ^ "Airline safety review – Non-fatal accidents and incidents: scheduled passenger flights". Flight International. 13 January 1999 – 19 January 1999. p. 32. Retrieved 10 January 2012. {{cite magazine}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

Bibliography

  • Guttery, Ben R. (1998). Encyclopedia of African Airlines. Jefferson, North Carolina 28640: Mc Farland & Company, Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0495-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: location (link)
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