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{{Infobox Indian urban area |
{{Infobox Indian urban area |
native_name=Nagpur |
native_name=Nagpur |
image_map=WikiprojectIndiacities_nagpur.png |
latd = 21.15|longd=79.08|
latd = 21.15|longd=79.08|
locator_position=right|
state_name=Maharashtra |
state_name=Maharashtra |
district=[[Nagpur district|Nagpur]] |
district=[[Nagpur district|Nagpur]] |

Revision as of 22:37, 30 June 2006

Template:Infobox Indian urban area Nāgpur pronunciationⓘ ('Marathi:' 'नागपुर') Largest city in Central India and the third largest city in the Indian state of Maharashtra after Mumbai and Pune. With a population of 2.1 million (2001 Census), Nagpur is also the nation's 13th largest urban conglomeration (2001 Census) and the foremost city in Maharashtra's Vidarbha region.[1] In terms of population, Nagpur is also the 114th largest city in the world[2] and the planet's 143rd largest urban area in 2006.[3] The city is also the Winter Capital of the state and the headquarters of Nagpur District and Nagpur Division administration.[4] Nagpur city lies practically at the center of India as the country's geographical center (Zero Mile) is situated here.[5] The city is also famous throughout the country for its high-quality oranges, and hence it is also known as the "Orange City." [6] Nagpur recently celebrated 300 years of its establishment. [7]


Geography and Climate

Nagpur city is situated at an altitude of 274.5 mtrs to 652.70 meters above [[sea level] and has an area of approximately 220 km².[8] Being situated in the centre of the Indian peninsula and far away from any major water body, the city's climate is generally dry or mildly humid except in the rainy season. The city receives an annual rainfall of 1,205 mm (47.44 in), mostly between the months of June and September. [9] The summer months from March to June and are extremely hot, with temperatures regularly crossing 40°C. Winter lasts from November to January, during which it is not unusual for temperatures to drop below 10°C.[10] The highest recorded temperature in the city was 48.6 °C (119.5 °F) on 1954-05-26[1], while the lowest was 4 °C.


History

Nagpur was founded by Bakht Buland, a prince of the Gond kingdom of Deogarh in the Chhindwara District. In 1743 the Maratha leader Raghoji Bhonsle of Vidarbha established himself at Nagpur, and by 1751 had conquered the territories of Deogarh, Chanda and Chhattisgarh. Raghoji died in 1755, and in 1769 his son and successor, Janoji, was forced to acknowledge the effective supremacy of the Maratha peshwa of Pune. Regardless, the Nagpur state continued to grow. In 1785 Janoji's successor Mudhoji (d. 1788) bought Mandla and the upper Narmada valley from the Peshwa between 1796 and 1798, followed by the acquisition of Hoshangabad,the larger part of Saugor and Damoh by Raghoji II (d. 1816). Under this king, Nagpur covered what is now the East of Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, and parts of Madhya Pradesh and Jharkhand.

In 1803 Raghoji II joined the Peshwas against the British in the Second Anglo-Maratha War. The British prevailed, and Raghoji had to cede Cuttack, Sambalpur, and part of Berar. After Raghoji II's death in 1816, his son Parsaji was deposed and murdered by Mudhoji. In spite of a treaty signed the same year with the British, Mudhoji joined the Peshwas in the Third Anglo-Maratha War in 1817 , but was forced to cede the rest of Berar to the Nizam of Hyderabad, along with parts of Saugor and Damoh, Mandla, Betul, Seoni and the Narmada valley to the British after suffering a defeat at Sitabuldi in modern-day Nagpur. Mudhoji was deposed after a temporary restoration to the throne, after which grandchild of Raghoji II Raghoji III was placed on the throne. During the rule of Raghoji III, which lasted till 1840, the region was administered by a British resident. In 1853, the British took control of Nagpur after Raghoji III died without leaving an heir. From 1853 to 1861,the Nagpur province (which consisted of the present Nagpur region, Chhindwara, and Chhatisgarh) became part of the Central Provinces and Berar and came under the administration of a commissioner under the central government. The Central Provinces were then ruled by a British governor with Nagpur as its capital. Berar was added in 1903.

TATA, one of the most respected industrial houses in India, started the country's first textile mill at Nagpur [11], formally known as Central India Spinning and Weaving Company Ltd. The company was popularly known as as "Empress Mills" as it was inaugurated on 1st January 1877, the day queen Victoria was proclaimed Empress of India.

Nagpur was a scene of significant political activity during India's "freedom struggle." The city hosted two annual sessions of the Indian National Congress and the Non Co-Operation Movement was launched in the Nagpur session of 1920. After Indian Independence in 1947, Central Provinces and Berar became a province of India, and in 1950 became the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, again with Nagpur as its capital. However when the Indian states were reorganized along linguistic lines in 1956, the Nagpur region and Berar were transferred to Bombay state, which in 1960 was split between the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat. Nagpur is the only Indian city to have lost the status of a state capital during the reorganizaton of states. If the demand for a separate state of Vidharbha is granted in future, the city is set to regain its former status as state capital.


Notable Institutions in Nagpur

File:Nagpurhighcourt.jpg
The Bombay High Court Bench in Nagpur

The Maharashtra State Legislative Assembly holds its winter session at Nagpur in the month of December at which time the entire political community of Maharashtra descends on the city for the two week duration of the session.[12] In addition, a bench of the Bombay High Court is located in the city.[13]

Nagpur is an important city for the scientific community as the city is home to several scientific establishments at the national level such as the National Environmental Engineering and Research Institute (NEERI), Central Institute of Cotton Research (CICR), National Research Centre for Citrus, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, and Jawaharlal Nehru National Aluminium Research and Development Centre. Nagpur is also home to the headquarters of Indian Bureau of Mines and the office of Chief Controller of Explosives. The headquarters of India's Patent Information System are also located in the city. Nagpur also hosts the National Academy of Direct Taxes that trains officers of the Indian Revenue Service.

Nagpur is also an important city for India's armed forces as the headquarters of Maintenance Command of the Indian Air Force and an Ordinance factory for the Indian Armed Forces and Ordinance Factories Staff College are located in the city. The city is also the home for Indian Air Force's giant IL-76 transport planes nicknamed "Gajraj." The Nagpur suburb named Kamptee is home a neatly laid out cantonement area of the Regimental Centre of Indian Army's Brigade that is made up of the National Cadet Corps' Officers' Training School, Institute of Military Law, and other establishments of Indian Army. Last but not least, Nagpur's National Civil Defence College provides civil defence and disaster management training to pupils from all over India and abroad.

Due to Nagpur's geographical position, all distances within India are measured from Zero Mile, which is located in the Civil Lines locality in the city.[14]


Places of Interest

File:DIKSHA2.jpg
Deekshabhoomi

Deekshabhoomi is famous throughout India as the site where Dr. B. R. Ambedkar embraced Buddhism to promote his efforts to overcome discrimination against lower-caste and untouchable Hindus, and is also the largest hollow stupa in the world. [15] Dalits and Buddhists from all over the country converge to Deekshabhoomi every year on Dussera. Indians are also familiar with Nagpur as the headquarters of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a hindu nationalist organization. [16]

Located near Kasturchand Park, the Sitabuldi fort was the site of a fierce battle between the British and the Bhonsle Empire in 1817. The battle was a turning point as it laid the foundations of the downfall of the Bhonsle Empire and eventually the British acquisition of Nagpur city. [17]

Almost every part of the city has at least one major temple. The Sri Poddareshwar Ram Mandir in Ram Nagar is probably the most popular religious spot within the city. The Catholic Seminary at Seminary Hills is one of the finest in the state. A Buddhist Dragon Palace Temple located on the outskirts of the city has become popular tourist spot due to its exquisite architecture and serene environment.

The city also has a few lakes that are popular with locals - Ambazari, Telangkhedi (which underwent major renovation recently), Gandhisagar, Gorewada, and Sonegaon. With its scenic gardens and recreation facilities, the Ambazari Lake has historically been one of the most popular spots in Nagpur, a status that it retains to this day. Another popular spot is the Maharajbag Zoo, originally a garden developed by the Bhonsle rulers.[18] The Zoo contains several rare species of birds and animals. Pench forest reserve, which is the setting for Rudyard Kipling's "The Jungle Book", is 45 miles to the north of Nagpur.

The Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground (VCA) in Nagpur is one of the nine test venues in the country and has been witness to a number of exciting contests.[19][20]

Nagpur boasts many restaurants specializing in Indian as well as international cuisine. Liberty and Smruti are the two most popular theatres, screening all major Bollywood releases. The city presently lacks a multi-screen theatre (multiplex), although a couple are nearing completion.

Nagpur has only two five-star hotels: Hotel Tuli International and Hotel Pride. Other major hotels include Hotel Centre Point, Hotel Airport Centre Point, and Hotel Chidambara International, and Hotel Hardeo.


Culture

The city's culture is cosmopolitan with people of all faiths living in it. Places of worship of various religions are present throughout the city. Every year on Ram Navami (which generally falls in late March or early April), the city plays host to spectacular shobha yatra as part of which a massive procession of floats depicting various events from the Ramayana is organized. [21] The procession snakes through several important streets of the city from late afternoon to well past midnight and is witnessed by hundreds of thousands of people living in the city as well as other parts of India. Processions are also held on other religious festivals such as Eid e Milad, Gurunanak Jayanti, Mahavir Jayanti and Moharram. 10-day long celebrations are held on Ganesh Chaturthi and Durga puja festivals in almost every locality within the city. Like the rest of India, Nagpur celebrates Diwali, Holi and Dussera with enthusiasm.

There are regular stagings of Marathi plays that have a large following. Nagpurians are also fond of Indian classical music and dance as is evident from the performances held frequently by famous artists like Pandit Bhimsen Joshi. [22] A week long Kalidas festival organized by Maharashtra government and the South Central Cultural Zone acts as a venue for a series of music and dance performances by artistes of national repute. [23] The South Central Cultural Zone also organizes events like the Orange City Craft Mela and Folk Dance Festival, which is noted for its folk-dances. [24]

Nagpur has a vibrant media scene with its own TV as well as radio station. In fact, All India Radio's Nagpur station is among the earliest set up in India. The city also supports major newspapers in Marathi, Hindi, and English languages. Lokmat, Sakal, Tarun Bharat, and Loksatta are major Marathi language newspapers published in Nagpur. Dainik Bhaskar and Nav Bharat and leading Hindi ones while the city's local newspaper The Hitavada is the leading English language newspaper in Central India. [25]

Although the middle class continues to comprise the major chunk of Nagpur's population, in recent times the city has attracted the affluent and was the fastest growing crorepati city in India in 2004. [26] Although historically the city has not quite kept pace with India's economic boom in comparison to cities like Pune and Bangalore, Nagpur remains one of the most livable cities in the country due to its citizen- friendly statistics. The city's crime has remained at a constant level. In general, the housing supply is good and moderately priced in comparison to megacities like Mumbai and Delhi, although the price of land has skyrocketed in posh localities like Ramdaspeth and Civil Lines. [27] Nagpur has good quality and abundant water supply.[28] However, in recent times the city has witnessed Maharashtra state's power shortages with power cuts ranging from two and half to four hours in different parts of the city.[29] Nagpur has generally remained peacful even while other parts of the countries like Kolkota and Mumbai experienced episodes of communal conflicts for one reason or another. [30] Recently, the city was named the cleanest and second greenest in India.[31]


Economy

Nagpur has been the centre of commerce in the Vidarbha region since early days and even today the city is a large trading centre for a number of commodities. Since merging of Vidarbha into the Maharashtra state, however, Nagpur's economic importance has gradually declined in comparison to Mumbai and Pune. Because of a prolonged period of neglect by the Maharashtra government, Nagpur did not attract much industrial investment until recently. During this period the the state and central government offices were the main source of employment in the city.

However, currently a significant number of industries are located within the vicinity of Nagpur city. Nagpur's Butibori industrial area is one of the largest in all of Asia in terms of area.[32] Butibori's largest unit is Indo Rama Synthetics, which manufactures synthetic polyester yarn. Other notable units in Butibori include the power transmission company KEC, Hyundai Unitech, ACC Nihon Castings Ltd.[33] The estate also has a number of other textile units, a washing machine plant belonging to the Videocon group, and several medium-sized units that manufacture a variety of products. Though Butibori could not quite live up to its original promise, industrial activity is picking up as the Mumbai-Thane-Pune belt gets saturated.

About 900 small and medium industrial units are located in an estate located on the western fringes of the city at Hingna. The major ones among them are tractor manufacturing plant of Mahindra and Mahindra, casting units of NECO Ltd (the country's largest casting group) [34], and units of International Combustions, Bajaj group, Candico, Ajanta toothbrushes, Sanvijay Group (largest steel rolling group of companies for long products in Central India[35]) and Vicco Laboratories.[36] Nagpur is also home to well-known ice-cream maker Dinshaws, and the nationally famous sweetmeat makers Haldiram's.[37]

The city is the next most favoured IT destination in Maharashtra after Mumbai and Pune due to factors favorable to the IT industry such as the central location, good infrastructure, and a large pool of skilled labor from the local and regional educational institutions.[38] In the near future, Nagpur will also have a Rs. 10,000 crore Special Economic Zone (SEZ)[39] attached that is already attracting investment by some of the top-notch Information Technology companies of India like Satyam Computer Services, and L&T Infocity.[40]

A multi-modal International Cargo Hub (MIHAN) completed in 2006 near Nagpur airport is India's first ever international cargo hub, and is expected to contribute significantly to the economic development of the city as well as the Vidarbha region.[41] The Inland Container Depot at Nagpur run by Container Corporation of India (CONCOR) is fastest growing inland port in the country.[42]


Education

Nagpur is a major education centre in Central India. Nagpur University (recently renamed Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj Nagpur University) founded in 1923 is one of the oldest in the country[43] The university has geographical jurisdiction over the five districts of Nagpur division and gives affiliation to hundreds of colleges. The city also has several engineering colleges including the Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology (which is now a deemed university) and the Laxminarayan Institute of Technology (LIT). The world-class 25-acre campus of Institute of Management Technology (IMT) is also situated in Nagpur.[44] Additionally, the city is home to three medical colleges - the Government Medical College, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, and privately run NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences.[45]. A National Fire Service College that runs the country's only graduation course in Fire Engineering is also situated in the city.[46] Nagpur is also home to several reputed public and private colleges like Hislop College and Shivaji Science College. These educational institutions attract students from all over the country and contribute to the city's varied student community. A very small number of foreign students are also present in the city.

Nagpur also has a number of fine schools that offer education through Marathi, Hindi, and English media. In recent times there has been a spurt of privately-funded schools affiliated with CBSE (Central Board for Secondary Education).

Nagpur city had a literacy rate of 89.3% in 2001, which is quite high by Indian standards.[47]


Transport

File:Nagpurrailwaystation.jpg
Nagpur Railway Station

Being situated at the centre of India, Nagpur is a very important road and railway junction and a transit for almost all the trains that span the country lengthwise and breadthwise, including trains connecting India's four major metropolitan cities (Mumbai, Delhi,Chennai, and Kolkota) located in the four corners of the country.[48] The two major railway stations in Nagpur city are the Nagpur railway station and Ajni railway station.

Nagpur is also a major junction for roadways as India's two major national highways (Kanyakumari-Varanasi (no 7) and Hawrah-Dhule (no 6)) pass through the city.[49] The city has wide roads and has undertaken major upgradation and renewal works under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission.

Due to the city's central location, Nagpur's Air Traffic Control (ATR) is the busiest in India.[50] Domestic airlines such as Indian Airlines, Jet Airways, and Air Deccan connect Nagpur with Mumbai (5 flights daily), Delhi (2 flights daily), Hyderabad (1 flight daily and 1, 4 times a week), Kolkata (1 flight thrice a week and another twice a week). In October 2005, Nagpur's Sonegaon airport was declared an international airport and was renamed Dr. Ambedkar International Airport.[51] Initial flights between Nagpur and Sharjah were launched by Air Arabia with the intention of tapping the vast market for international travel within Central India.[52] In April 2006 Indian Airlines connected Nagpur and Bangkok with a non-stop twice weekly service. Qatar Airways has announced that it will start a thrice-weekly service from Nagpur to Doha in the summer of 2006.


Nagpur in 1911

The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica offers a picture of Nagpur in the early part of the 20th century:

The city is 1125 ft. above the sea; Pop. (1901) 127,734. The town is well laid out, with several parks and artificial lakes, and has numerous Hindu temples. The prettily wooded suburb of Sitabaldi contains the chief government buildings, the houses of Europeans, the railway station and the cantonments, with fort and arsenal. In the centre stands Sitabaldi Hill, crowned with the fort. Beyond the station lies the broad sheet of water known as the Jama Talao, and farther east is the city, completely hidden in a mass of foliage. Handsome tanks and gardens, constructed by the Maratha princes, lie outside the city. The palace, built of black basalt and profusely ornamented with wood carving, was burnt down in 1864, and only the great gateway remains. The garrison consists of detachments of European and Indian infantry from Kampti. Nagpur is the headquarters of two corps of rifle volunteers. It is the junction of two important railway systems, the Great Indian Peninsula to Bombay and the Bengal-Nagpur to Calcutta. The large weaving population maintain their reputation for producing fine fabrics. There are steam cotton mills and machinery for ginning and pressing cotton. The gaol contains an important printing establishment. Education is provided by two aided colleges, the Hislop and the Morris, called after a missionary and a former chief commissioner; four high schools; a law school; an agricultural school, with a class for the scientific training of teachers; a normal school; a zenana mission for the management of girls schools; an Anglican and two Catholic schools for Europeans. There are several libraries and reading rooms.

Public Domain This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)


See also


Web References

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  2. ^ ""The world's largest cities"". City Mayors. Retrieved 2006-06-26.
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  5. ^ "Nagpur". Maharashtra Government. Retrieved 2006-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  6. ^ ""Stamps from the Orange City"". The Hindu. Retrieved 2006-06-19.
  7. ^ "Tourism Section". National Informatics Centre, Nagpur. Retrieved 2006-06-19.
  8. ^ "Geographical Information (on Nagpur city)". National Informatics Centre, Nagpur. Retrieved 2006-06-30.
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  10. ^ "Geographical Information (on Nagpur city)". National Informatics Centre, Nagpur. Retrieved 2006-06-30.
  11. ^ ""Are Indians Really Dumb?"". Rediff.com. Retrieved 2006-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  12. ^ ""Vidarbha — a model farmers' State?"". The Hindu Business Line. Retrieved 2006-06-22.
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  15. ^ ""Celebrating a unique city"". The Tribune. Retrieved 2006-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  16. ^ ""Terror strike on RSS headquarters foiled"". The Hindu. Retrieved 2006-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
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  19. ^ "Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground in Nagpur". Cricinfo.com. Retrieved 2006-06-21.
  20. ^ "One day Internationals, Vidarbha Cricket Ground". National Rugby League of Australia. Retrieved 2006-06-22.
  21. ^ "About Shobha Yatra". Sri Poddareshwar Ram Mandir Website. Retrieved 2006-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  22. ^ ""Nagpur Culturally Coming Of Age"". Nagpurcity.net. Retrieved 2006-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  23. ^ "The Kalidas Festival". Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation. Retrieved 2006-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  24. ^ "Major Programs during the year". The South Central Cultural Zone. Retrieved 2006-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  25. ^ "The Hitavada frontpage". The Hitavada. Retrieved 2006-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
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  27. ^ ""Nagpur stakes claim to lead boomtown pack"". The Indian Express. Retrieved 2006-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  28. ^ ""Mixed results for municipal water reforms"". India Together. Retrieved 2006-06-22.
  29. ^ ""Power cuts: Maharashtra CM, energy minister get taste of public ire"". The Deccan Herald. Retrieved 2006-06-22.
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  31. ^ "Nagpur". Maharashtra Airport Development Company Ltd. Retrieved 2006-06-26.
  32. ^ ""Industrial fuel petrol from plastic waste: A success story"". The Daily Excelsior. Retrieved 2006-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  33. ^ "MIDC page on Butibori Industrial Area". Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC). Retrieved 2006-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  34. ^ "Corporate Overview of Neco". Neco Group of Industries. Retrieved 2006-06-26.
  35. ^ "Sanvijay Group website homepage". Sanvijay Group Ltd. Retrieved 2006-06-28.
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  38. ^ ""Nagpur: Emerging destination for India IT Inc"". The Indian Express. Retrieved 2006-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  39. ^ ""Nagpur stakes claim to lead boomtown pack"". The Indian Express. Retrieved 2006-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  40. ^ "IT majors heading for Nagpur SEZ". Rediff.com. Retrieved 2006-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  41. ^ ""Nagpur to be India's first cargo hub"". The Times of India. Retrieved 2006-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  42. ^ ""Nagpur stakes claim to lead boomtown pack"". The Indian Express. Retrieved 2006-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  43. ^ "History of Nagpur university". Nagpur University. Retrieved 2006-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
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  52. ^ ""Nagpur set to become international airport — Air Arabia to start operations from Oct 16"". The Hindu. Retrieved 2006-06-28.


References in Print

  1. ^ Nagpur sizzles at 47.6 deg C, TNN, Times of India (Bombay), pg 1, 2005-05-23


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