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'''Onomastics''' or '''onomatology''' is the study of proper [[name]]s of all kinds and the origins of names. The words are from the [[Greek language|Greek]]: "ὀνομαστικός" (''onomastikos''), "of or belonging to naming"<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Do%29nomastiko%2Fs ὀνομαστικός],
'''Onomastics''' or '''onomatology''' is the study of the origin, history, and use of [[proper name]]s.<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Onomastics?s=t "onomastics"]. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]''.</ref> '''Onomastics''' originates from the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] ὀνομαστικός (''onomastikos''), which translates to "of or belonging to naming"<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Do%29nomastiko%2Fs ὀνομαστικός], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus project</ref><ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=onomastics&searchmode=none Online Etymology Dictionary]</ref> from ὄνομα (''ónoma'') meaning "name".<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Do%29%2Fnoma ὄνομα], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus project</ref> [[toponymy|Toponymy or toponomastics]], the study of place names, is one of the principal branches of onomastics. [[Anthroponomastics]] is the study of personal names. Onomastics can be helpful in data mining, with applications such as [[Named-entity recognition]], or recognition of the origin of names.<ref>[http://arxiv.org/abs/1310.6311 Onomastics and Big Data Mining]</ref>
Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus project</ref><ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=onomastics&searchmode=none Online Etymology Dictionary]</ref> and "ὀνοματολογία" (''onomatologia''), from "ὄνομα" (''ónoma'') "name".<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Do%29%2Fnoma ὄνομα], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus project</ref> [[toponymy|Toponymy or toponomastics]], the study of place names, is one of the principal branches of onomastics. [[Anthroponomastics]] is the study of personal names.

For most if not all [[culture]]s, only one name is needed to indicate certain important or well-known persons without ambiguity. In others, a single [[given name|personal name]] may be insufficient, requiring alteration to a [[hypocoristic]]/[[diminutive]] [[nickname]] or addition of a byname based on a specific individual's traits, family, home, occupation, or other. In most of the world, individually-based bynames have become hereditary [[family names]], perhaps retaining little descriptive resemblance to the ancestral namesake's original byname.

Most Western European cultures use the name order indicated by the common synonymous phrases "first name" for personal name and "last name" or "surname" for family name. However, this differs from traditional [[East Asia]]n and [[Hungarian]] usages, which place the family name before the personal name. Western European cultures may also use the term "middle name" to refer to a second personal name (e.g. the "Fitzgerald" in [[John Fitzgerald Kennedy]]). In other cultures, however, the second name may mean something else. In Russian, the second name is a [[patronym]]: the sons of Mikhail Ivanov would all carry the second name "Mikhailovich". In [[Roman naming conventions|Roman names]], the second name is actually a second surname: [[Julius Caesar]]'s full name was ''Gaius Julius Caesar'', with Gaius being his personal name, Julius the name of his [[Gens|clan]], and Caesar the name of the sub-family he belonged to inside that clan.


==See also==
==See also==
* [[American Name Society]]
* [[American Name Society]]
* [[Anthroponymy]]
* [[English Place-Name Society]]
* [[English Place-Name Society]]
* [[Etymology]], the study of word origins
* [[Etymology]], the study of word origins
* [[Extinction of surnames]]
* [[Extinction of surnames]]
* [[George R. Stewart]], "the man who humanized onomastics" ([http://www.wtsn.binghamton.edu/onoma/Default.htm#Stewart])
* [[George R. Stewart]], "the man who humanized onomastics"<ref>http://www.wtsn.binghamton.edu/onoma/Default.htm#Stewart</ref>
* [[Guild of One-Name Studies]]
* [[Guild of One-Name Studies]]
* [[Hydronyms]]
* [[Hydronyms]]
* [[International Council of Onomastic Sciences]]
* [[International Council of Onomastic Sciences]]
* [[Jaroslav Rudnyckyj]], a Ukrainian Canadian linguist and lexicographer with a specialty in etymology and onomastics
* [[Jaroslav Rudnyckyj]], a Ukrainian Canadian linguist and lexicographer with a specialty in etymology and onomastics
* [[Kazimierz Rymut]], linguist and lexicographer with a specialty in etymology and onomastics (the study of proper [[Poles|Polish]] names).
* [[naming convention]]
* [[naming convention]]
* [[-onym]], listing the technical kinds of names
* [[-onym]], listing the technical kinds of names
* [[Society for Name Studies in Britain and Ireland]]
* [[Society for Name Studies in Britain and Ireland]]
* [[Toponymy]]
* [[Mononymous persons]]
* [[Mononymous persons]]
* [[UNGEGN Toponymic Guidelines]]
* [[United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names]]

==References==
{{reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{wiktionary}}
{{wiktionary}}
*{{dmoz|Science/Social_Sciences/Linguistics/Onomastics/}}
*{{dmoz|Science/Social_Sciences/Linguistics/Onomastics/}}
*[http://www.langmaker.com/ml0103a.htm Gymnastics with Onomastics - how different languages and cultures form names]
*[http://www.wtsn.binghamton.edu/ans/ American Name Society]
*[http://www.lgpn.ox.ac.uk/ Lexicon of Greek Personal Names], a Major Research Project of the British Academy, Oxford, contains over 35,000 published Greek names.
*[http://www.lgpn.ox.ac.uk/ Lexicon of Greek Personal Names], a Major Research Project of the British Academy, Oxford, contains over 35,000 published Greek names.
*[http://onomastics.co.uk/ Onomastics.co.uk], a free online resource discussing onomastics and onomastic related issues.
*[http://onomatology.blogspot.com]
*[http://e-onomastics.blogspot.fr/ e-Onomastics], online blog focused on onomastics research and publications.
*[http://onomatologia.gr]
*[http://academics.utep.edu/Default.aspx?tabid=51299 Onomastics Collection Bibliography], Lurline H. Coltharp, UTEP Library
*[http://www.paristechreview.com/2013/09/17/onomastics-business/ Onomastics for Business], ParisTech Review, October 2013
*[http://trimc-nlp.blogspot.com/2013/07/onoma.html An Onomastic Compilation and Ontology], using open standards

;Onomastics software
* [http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/gnrgna/v3r1m0/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.gnr.gna.ic.doc/topics/gnr_gna_con_gnaoverview.html IBM Global Name Analytics (formerly Language Analysis Systems - LAS) ]
* [http://www.namsor.com NamSor Applied Onomastics]


[[Category:Onomastics| ]]
[[Category:Onomastics| ]]
[[Category:Folklore]]
[[Category:Folklore]]
[[Category:Lexicography]]
[[Category:Lexicography]]
[[Category:Greek loanwords]]
[[Category:Auxiliary sciences of history]]


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[[br:Anvadurezh]]
[[bg:Ономастика]]
[[ca:Onomàstica]]
[[cs:Onomastika]]
[[de:Namenforschung]]
[[et:Onomastika]]
[[es:Onomástica]]
[[eo:Nomscienco]]
[[eu:Onomastika]]
[[fr:Onomastique]]
[[gl:Onomástica]]
[[hr:Onomastika]]
[[id:Onomastika]]
[[os:Ономастикæ]]
[[is:Nafnfræði]]
[[it:Onomastica]]
[[he:אונומסטיקה]]
[[lv:Onomastika]]
[[lt:Onomastika]]
[[hu:Névtan]]
[[mk:Ономастика]]
[[nl:Onomastiek]]
[[ja:固有名詞学]]
[[no:Onomastikk]]
[[oc:Onomastica]]
[[pl:Onomastyka]]
[[pt:Onomástica]]
[[ro:Onomastica]]
[[ru:Ономастика]]
[[stq:Noomenkunde]]
[[sk:Onomastika]]
[[sl:Onomastika]]
[[sh:Onomastika]]
[[sv:Onomastik]]
[[tr:Onomastik]]
[[uk:Ономастика]]
[[zh:专有名词学]]

Revision as of 13:01, 1 July 2014

Onomastics or onomatology is the study of the origin, history, and use of proper names.[1] Onomastics originates from the Greek ὀνομαστικός (onomastikos), which translates to "of or belonging to naming"[2][3] from ὄνομα (ónoma) meaning "name".[4] Toponymy or toponomastics, the study of place names, is one of the principal branches of onomastics. Anthroponomastics is the study of personal names. Onomastics can be helpful in data mining, with applications such as Named-entity recognition, or recognition of the origin of names.[5]

See also

References

  1. ^ "onomastics". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
  2. ^ ὀνομαστικός, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus project
  3. ^ Online Etymology Dictionary
  4. ^ ὄνομα, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus project
  5. ^ Onomastics and Big Data Mining
  6. ^ http://www.wtsn.binghamton.edu/onoma/Default.htm#Stewart
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