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== Article (Eng) == |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}} |
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{{Infobox scientist |
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| name = Maryam Mirzakhani |
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| native_name = {{lang-fa|مریم میرزاخانی}} |
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| image = Maryam Mirzakhani in Seoul 2014.jpg |
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| caption = Mirzakhani at the 2014 International Congress of Mathematicians in [[Seoul]], where she received her [[Fields Medal]] |
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| birth_date = 12 May 1977 |
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| birth_place = [[Tehran]], [[Imperial State of Iran|Iran]] |
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| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2017|07|14|1977|05|03}} |
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| death_place = [[Stanford, California]], U.S. |
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| resting_place = |
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| nationality = Iranian<ref name="mmcv2">{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051124105510/http://www.claymath.org/fas/research_fellows/Mirzakhani/cv.pdf|title=Curriculum Vitae|first1=Maryam |last1=Mirzakhani|url=http://www.claymath.org/fas/research_fellows/Mirzakhani/cv.pdf|archivedate=24 November 2005|access-date=13 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Fields Medalists 2014|first=Alain|last=Valette|publisher=Institut de mathématiques, Université de Neuchâtel|location=Neuchâtel, Switzerland|url=https://www.unine.ch/files/live/sites/math/files/shared/documents/prepublications/2014/Fields2014%20english%20light.pdf|access-date=15 July 2017}}</ref> |
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| education = [[Sharif University of Technology]] {{small|([[Bachelor of Science|BSc]])}}<br />[[Harvard University]] {{small|([[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]])}} |
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| thesis_title = Simple geodesics on hyperbolic surfaces and the volume of the moduli space of curves |
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| thesis_url = http://search.proquest.com/docview/305191605 |
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| thesis_year = 2004 |
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| doctoral_advisor = [[Curtis T. McMullen]]<ref name=bbc>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-28739373|title=First female winner for Fields maths medal|last1=Jonathan|first1=Webb|year=2014|publisher=BBC News|access-date=13 August 2014|newspaper=BBC News}}</ref> |
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| academic_advisors = [[Ebadollah S. Mahmoodian]]<ref name="ISNA">{{citation|url=http://www.isna.ir/news/96042715699/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85-%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B5%DB%8C-%D8%AE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7|id=96042715699|title=Private Funeral of Professor Mirzakhani to be held in the United States|language=Persian|work=[[Iranian Students News Agency]]|date=19 July 2017|access-date=19 July 2017}}</ref> |
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| spouse = Jan Vondrák |
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| children = 1 |
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| field = [[Mathematics]] |
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| work_institutions = {{Plainlist| |
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* [[Princeton University]] |
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* [[Stanford University]]}} |
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| prizes = {{Plainlist| |
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* [[Blumenthal Award]] (2009) |
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* [[Ruth Lyttle Satter Prize in Mathematics|Satter Prize]] (2013) |
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* [[Clay Research Award]] (2014) |
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* [[Fields Medal]] (2014)}} |
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}} |
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'''Maryam Mirzakhani''' ({{lang-fa|مریم میرزاخانی}}, {{IPA-fa|mæɾˈjæm miːɾzɑːxɑːˈniː|pron}}; 12 May 1977 – 14 July 2017) was an Iranian<ref name="bio">{{Cite web|url=http://mmirzakhani.com/biography/|title=وبسایت رسمی مریم میرزاخانی|website=mmirzakhani.com|language=fa|access-date=2018-09-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-40617094 |title=Maryam Mirzakhani, first woman to win maths' Fields Medal, dies |newspaper= BBC News |publisher=bbc.com |date=2014-08-12 |access-date=2017-07-16}}</ref><ref name=nytimes>{{cite news |last1=Chang|first1=Kenneth |title=Maryam Mirzakhani, only woman to win a Fields Medal, dies at 40 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/16/us/maryam-mirzakhani-dead.html |work=The New York Times |date=16 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="mmcv2" /> mathematician and a [[professor]] of [[mathematics]] at [[Stanford University]].<ref name="Weil-Petersson">{{Cite journal | first1= Maryam|last1= Mirzakhani | year = 2007 | journal = [[Journal of the American Mathematical Society]] | title = Weil-Petersson volumes and intersection theory on the moduli space of curves | doi = 10.1090/S0894-0347-06-00526-1 |volume=20 |issue= 1 |mr=2257394 |pages=1–23 |url = http://www.ams.org/journals/jams/2007-20-01/S0894-0347-06-00526-1/S0894-0347-06-00526-1.pdf|bibcode=2007JAMS...20....1M }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | journal = [[Inventiones Mathematicae]] | first1= Maryam|last1= Mirzakhani | title = Simple geodesics and Weil-Petersson volumes of moduli spaces of bordered Riemann surfaces | date= January 2007 |volume=167 |issue=1 |pages=179–222 | doi = 10.1007/s00222-006-0013-2 |issn=1432-1297 |bibcode=2006InMat.167..179M }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.stanford.edu/news/2008/april9/prezreport-040908.html |title=Report of the President to the Board of Trustees |date=9 April 2008 |access-date=12 August 2014 |publisher=Stanford University}}</ref> Her research topics included [[Teichmüller space|Teichmüller theory]], [[hyperbolic geometry]], [[ergodic theory]], and [[symplectic geometry]].<ref name="mmcv2" /> |
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On 13 August 2014, Mirzakhani was honored with the [[Fields Medal]], the most prestigious award in mathematics.<ref name="Farsnews">{{cite news |url=http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13930523000321 |title=President Rouhani Congratulates Iranian Woman for Winning Math Nobel Prize |date=14 August 2014 |access-date=14 August 2014 |publisher=[[Fars News Agency]]}}</ref><ref name=IMU2014>{{cite web |url=http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014 |publisher=International Mathematical Union |title=IMU Prizes 2014 |access-date=12 August 2014}}</ref> Thus, she became both the first woman and the first Iranian to be honored with the award.<ref name=Dehghan>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jul/16/maryam-mirzakhani-iranian-newspapers-break-hijab-taboo-in-tributes#img-2 |title=Maryam Mirzakhani: Iranian newspapers break hijab taboo in tributes |author=Iran correspondent Saeed Kamali Dehghan |date=2017-07-16 |work=The Guardian |access-date=2017-07-18 |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> The award committee cited her work in "the dynamics and geometry of [[Riemann surface]]s and their [[moduli space]]s".<ref name=sample>{{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/aug/13/fields-medal-mathematics-prize-woman-maryam-mirzakhani | title = Fields Medal mathematics prize won by woman for first time in its history | newspaper = [[The Guardian]] | date = 13 August 2014 | first = Ian | last = Sample | access-date = 9 June 2016 }}</ref> |
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On 14 July 2017, Mirzakhani died of [[breast cancer]] at the age of 40.<ref>{{Cite journal |url=http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/maryam-mirzakhanis-pioneering-mathematical-legacy |title=Maryam Mirzakhani's Pioneering Mathematical Legacy |journal=The New Yorker |access-date=2017-07-18|date=2017-07-17 }}</ref> |
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== Early life and education == |
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Mirzakhani was born on 12 May 1977<ref name=bio /> in [[Tehran]], Iran. Her father Ahmad is an [[Electrical engineering|electrical engineer]].<ref name=nytimes /> She attended [[Tehran Farzanegan School]] there, part of the [[National Organization for Development of Exceptional Talents]] (NODET). In 1994, Mirzakhani achieved the [[International Mathematical Olympiad#Awards|gold medal level]] in the [[International Mathematical Olympiad]], the first female Iranian student to do so.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/57th-international-mathematical-olympiad-successfully-091100366.html |title=The 57th International Mathematical Olympiad Successfully Completed in Hong Kong |access-date=2017-07-20 |language=en-US |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160724175744/http://finance.yahoo.com/news/57th-international-mathematical-olympiad-successfully-091100366.html |archivedate=24 July 2016 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> In the 1995 International Mathematical Olympiad, she became the first Iranian student to achieve a perfect score and to win two gold medals.<ref name=olympiad>{{IMO results|id=926}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn26044-iranian-woman-wins-maths-top-prize-the-fields-medal.html |title=Iranian woman wins maths' top prize |work=New Scientist |date=12 August 2014|access-date=13 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/tech/science/2005-09-13-brilliant-minds_x.htm |title='Brilliant' minds honored: Maryam Mirzakhani |newspaper=USA Today |first=Marissa |last=Newhall |date=13 September 2005}}</ref> |
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She obtained a [[Bachelor of Science|BSc]] in mathematics in 1999 from the [[Sharif University of Technology]]. She then went to the United States for graduate work, earning a [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] in 2004 from [[Harvard University]], where she worked under the supervision of the Fields Medalist [[Curtis T. McMullen]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=91093 |title=Maryam Mirzakhani |work= The Mathematics Genealogy Project |publisher=Genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu |accessdate=21 October 2017}}</ref> At Harvard she is said to have been "distinguished by ... determination and relentless questioning", despite not being a native English-speaker. She used to take her class notes in [[Persian language|Persian]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.stanford.edu/press-releases/2017/07/15/maryam-mirzakhanedal-winner-dies/ |title=Maryam Mirzakhani, Stanford mathematician and Fields Medal winner, dies |website=news.stanford.edu |accessdate=21 October 2017|date=2017-07-15 }}</ref> |
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== Career == |
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Mirzakhani was a 2004 research fellow of the [[Clay Mathematics Institute]] and a professor at [[Princeton University]].<ref>{{Scopus|id=15127847300}}</ref> In 2009, she became a professor at [[Stanford University]].<ref name=sample /><ref>{{cite web |url= http://people.com/human-interest/iranian-born-maryam-mirzakhani-first-woman-to-receive-the-prestigious-fields-medal-dies-at-the-age-of-40/ |title= Maryam Mirzakhani, first woman to receive the prestigious Fields Medal, dies at the age of 40 after breast cancer battle |work= People Magazine |author= Juris, Yvonne |date= 16 July 2017 }}</ref> |
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== Research work == |
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[[File:Remise de la médaille Fields à Maryam Mirzakhani.webm|left|thumb|Maryam Mirzakhani, August 2014]] |
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Mirzakhani made several contributions to the theory of [[moduli space]]s of [[Riemann surface]]s. Mirzakhani’s early work solved the problem of counting simple closed [[geodesics]] on [[hyperbolic geometry|hyperbolic]] Riemann surfaces by finding a relationship to volume calculations on moduli space. Geodesics are the natural generalization of the idea of a "[[Line (mathematics)|straight line]]" to "[[manifold|curved space]]s". Slightly more formally, a curve is a geodesic if no slight deformation can make it shorter. Closed geodesics are geodesics which are also closed curves—that is, they are curves that close up into loops. A closed geodesic is [[Curve#Definitions|simple]] if it does not cross itself. |
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A previous result, known as the “[[prime number theorem]] for geodesics”, established that the number of closed geodesics of length less than L grows exponentially with L—it is asymptotic to <math> e^L/L</math>. However, the analogous counting problem for simple closed geodesics remained open, despite being “the key object to unlocking the structure and geometry of the whole surface,” according to University of Chicago topologist [[Benson Farb]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.quantamagazine.org/maryam-mirzakhani-is-first-woman-fields-medalist-20140812/|title=Maryam Mirzakhani Is First Woman Fields Medalist {{!}} Quanta Magazine|work=Quanta Magazine|access-date=2018-09-25}}</ref> Mirzakhani’s 2004 PhD thesis solved this problem, showing that the number of simple closed geodesics of length less than L is polynomial in L. Explicitly, it is asymptotic to <math> cL^{6g-6}</math>, where g is the [[Genus (mathematics)|genus]] (roughly, the number of “holes”) and c is a constant depending on the hyperbolic structure. This result can be seen as a generalization of the [[theorem of the three geodesics]] for [[spherical surface]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mirzakhani|first1=Maryam |title=Growth of the number of simple closed geodesics on hyperbolic surfaces |journal=[[Annals of Mathematics]] |year=2008 |doi=10.4007/annals.2008.168.97 |volume=168 |issue=1 |pages=97–125 |mr=2415399 |zbl=1177.37036}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ams.org/notices/201304/rnoti-p490.pdf|title=Notices of the AMS|last=Kehoe|first=Elaine|date=April 2013|work=Notices of the AMS|access-date=September 25, 2018}}</ref> |
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Mirzakhani solved this counting problem by relating it to the problem of computing volumes in [[moduli space]]—a space whose points correspond to different complex structures on a surface genus g. In her thesis, Mirzakhani found a volume formula for the moduli space of bordered Riemann surfaces of genus g with n geodesic boundary components. From this formula followed the counting for simple closed geodesics mentioned above, as well as a number of other results. This led her to obtain a new proof for the formula discovered by [[Edward Witten]] and [[Maxim Kontsevich]] on the intersection numbers of tautological classes on moduli space.<ref name="Weil-Petersson" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=October 2014|title=2014 Fields Medals|url=http://www.ams.org/notices/201409/rnoti-p1074.pdf|journal=Notices of the AMS|volume= 61| issue = 9|pages=1079–1081|via=}}</ref> |
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Her subsequent work focused on Teichmüller dynamics of moduli space. In particular, she was able to prove the long-standing conjecture that [[William Thurston]]'s [[Earthquake map|earthquake]] flow on [[Teichmüller space]] is [[Ergodicity|ergodic]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mirzakhani|first1=M. |title=Ergodic Theory of the Earthquake Flow |journal=[[International Mathematics Research Notices]] |year=2008 |volume=2008 |doi=10.1093/imrn/rnm116 |mr=2416997}}</ref> One can construct a simple earthquake map by cutting a surface along a finite number of disjoint simple closed geodesics, sliding the edges of each of these cut past each other by some amount, and closing the surface back up. One can imagine the surface being cut by [[Fault (geology)#Strike-slip faults|strike-slip faults]]. An earthquake is a sort of limit of simple earthquakes, where one has an infinite number of geodesics, and instead of attaching a positive real number to each geodesic one puts a [[Measure (mathematics)|measure]] on them. |
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In 2014, with [[Alex Eskin]] and with input from Amir Mohammadi, Mirzakhani proved that complex geodesics and their closures in moduli space are surprisingly regular, rather than irregular or fractal.<ref>{{cite journal | first1=Alex | last1=Eskin | first2=Maryam | last2=Mirzakhani | first3=Amir | last3=Mohammadi | title=Isolation, equidistribution, and orbit closures for the SL(2,R) action on moduli space | journal=[[Annals of Mathematics]] | volume=182 | issue=2 | pages=673–721 | doi=10.4007/annals.2015.182.2.7 | year=2015| arxiv=1305.3015 }}</ref><ref name=IMU-pressrelease /> The closures of complex geodesics are algebraic objects defined in terms of polynomials and therefore they have certain rigidity properties, which is analogous to a celebrated result that [[Marina Ratner]] arrived at during the 1990s.<ref name=IMU-pressrelease /> The [[International Mathematical Union]] said in its press release that "It is astounding to find that the rigidity in homogeneous spaces has an echo in the inhomogeneous world of moduli space."<ref name=IMU-pressrelease>{{cite press release|title=The Work of Maryam Mirzakhani|publisher=International Mathematics Union|url=http://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/Prizes/2014/news_release_mirzakhani.pdf|format=PDF|access-date=15 August 2014}}</ref> |
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=== Awarding of Fields Medal === |
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[[File:Four_Fields_medallists_plus_epsilon.jpg|thumb|Four Fields medallists left to right [[Artur Avila]], [[Martin Hairer]] (at back), Maryam Mirzakhani (with her daughter Anahita) and [[Manjul Bhargava]] at the ICM 2014 in Seoul]] |
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Mirzakhani was awarded the Fields Medal in 2014 for "her outstanding contributions to the [[Dynamics (mechanics)|dynamics]] and geometry of [[Riemann surface]]s and their moduli spaces".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014/prize-citations|publisher=International Mathematical Union|title=IMU Prizes 2014 citations| access-date = 12 August 2014}}</ref> The award was made in [[Seoul]] at the International Congress of Mathematicians on 13 August.<ref name=date>{{cite web |url= http://news.stanford.edu/news/2014/august/fields-medal-mirzakhani-081214.html |title= Stanford's Maryam Mirzakhani wins Fields Medal |first= Bjorn |last= Carey |date= 12 August 2014 |access-date = 13 August 2014 |work= [[Stanford University|Stanford News]]}}</ref> At the time of the award, [[Jordan Ellenberg]] explained her research to a popular audience: |
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{{Quote|[Her] work expertly blends dynamics with geometry. Among other things, she studies billiards. But now, in a move very characteristic of modern mathematics, it gets kind of meta: She considers not just one billiard table, but the universe of all ''possible'' billiard tables. And the kind of dynamics she studies doesn't directly concern the motion of the billiards on the table, but instead a transformation of the billiard table itself, which is changing its shape in a rule-governed way; if you like, the table itself moves like a strange planet around the universe of all possible tables ... This isn't the kind of thing you do to win at pool, but it's the kind of thing you do to win a Fields Medal. And it's what you need to do in order to expose the dynamics at the heart of geometry; for there's no question that they're there.<ref name="Slate Fields article">{{cite news|last=Ellenberg|first=Jordan|authorlink=Jordan Ellenberg|title=Math Is Getting Dynamic|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/life/do_the_math/2014/08/maryam_mirzakhani_fields_medal_first_woman_to_win_math_s_biggest_prize_works.html|newspaper=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=13 August 2014}}</ref>}} |
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In 2014, President [[Hassan Rouhani]] of Iran congratulated her for winning the topmost world mathematics prize.<ref>{{cite web|title=President hails Prof Mirzakhani, winner of topmost world math prize|url=http://president.ir/en/79887|website=Official Site of the President of The Islamic Republic of Iran|access-date=19 August 2014|date=13 August 2014}}</ref> |
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Mirzakhani has an [[Erdős number]] of 3.<ref>{{cite web |title=Collaboration paths to Paul Erdős |publisher=The Erdős Number Project |url=https://www.oakland.edu/enp/erdpaths/collaboration-paths-to-paul-erdos}}</ref> |
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== Personal life == |
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In 2008, Mirzakhani married Jan Vondrák, a Czech [[Theoretical computer science|theoretical computer scientist]] and [[Applied mathematics|applied mathematician]] who currently is an associate professor at [[Stanford University]].<ref>{{cite web|language=Persian|title=بیوگرافی مریم میرزاخانی؛ ستاره پرفروغ دنیای ریاضیات [Biography Maryam Mirzakhani; the best-selling star of the world of mathematics]|url=http://www.zoomit.ir/2017/7/15/189155/maryam-mirzakhani-biography/|publisher=Zoomit|date=24 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://theory.stanford.edu/~jvondrak/data/cv.pdf|title=Jan Vondrák, CV|last=|first=|date=|website=Stanford University|access-date=14 July 2017}}</ref> They have a daughter named Anahita.<ref>[http://www.simonsfoundation.org/quanta/20140812-a-tenacious-explorer-of-abstract-surfaces "A Tenacious Explorer of Abstract Surfaces"], simonsfoundation.org. Retrieved 13 April 2014.</ref> Mirzakhani lived in [[Palo Alto, California]].<ref name="voafields">{{cite news|last1=Putic|first1=George|title=Iranian-American Woman Wins Top Mathematics Prize|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/iranian-becomes-first-woman-to-win-maths-top-prize/2411610.html|access-date=18 July 2017|work=[[Voice of America]]|date=13 August 2014}}</ref> |
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Mirzakhani described herself as a "slow" mathematician, saying that "you have to spend some energy and effort to see the beauty of math." To solve problems, Mirzakhani would draw doodles on sheets of paper and write mathematical formulas around the drawings. Her daughter described her mother's work as "painting".<ref name="stanforddeath" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/jul/29/maryam-mirzakhani-great-artist-mathematician-fields-medal-howard-jacobson|title=The world has lost a great artist in mathematician Maryam Mirzakhani|first=Howard|last=Jacobson|date=29 July 2017|accessdate=21 October 2017|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> |
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She declared: |
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{{Quote|I don't have any particular recipe [for developing new proofs] ... It is like being lost in a jungle and trying to use all the knowledge that you can gather to come up with some new tricks, and with some luck, you might find a way out.<ref name="stanforddeath">{{cite web|last1=Myers|first1=Andrew|last2=Carey|first2=Bjorn|title=Maryam Mirzakhani, Stanford mathematician and Fields Medal winner, dies|url=http://news.stanford.edu/2017/07/15/maryam-mirzakhani-stanford-mathematician-and-fields-medal-winner-dies/|website=Stanford News|date=15 July 2017|access-date=17 July 2017}}</ref> |
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}} |
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== Death and legacy == |
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Mirzakhani was diagnosed with [[breast cancer]] in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.presstv.ir/Detail/2017/07/13/528317/Iran-mathematician-Maryam-Mirzakhani |title=PressTV-Iranian math genius battles cancer at US hospital |publisher=Presstv.ir |date= |access-date=2017-07-16}}</ref> In 2016, the cancer [[Metastatic breast cancer|spread]] to her bones and liver,<ref name="stanforddeath" /><ref>{{Cite news|last1=France-Presse|first1=Agence|title=Sorrow as Maryam Mirzakhani, the first woman to win mathematics' Fields Medal, dies aged 40|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/07/15/sorrow-death-ofmaryam-mirzakhani-pioneering-iranian-mathematician/|newspaper=The Telegraph|access-date=15 July 2017|date=2017-07-15}}</ref> and she died on 14 July 2017 at the age of 40 at Stanford Hospital in [[Stanford, California]].<ref name="stanforddeath" /><ref name="mehrnews">{{cite news|title=Maryam Mirzakhani died|url=http://www.mehrnews.com/news/4029259/مریم-میرزاخانی-درگذشت|agency=Mehr news Agancy|date=15 July 2017|language=fa}}</ref><ref name=nytimes /><ref>{{Cite news|language=Persian|title=مریم میرزاخانی، ریاضیدان برجسته ایرانی درگذشت [Maryam Mirzakhani, a prominent Iranian mathematician, dies]|url=http://www.bbc.com/persian/science-40617509|publisher=BBC Persian|access-date=15 July 2017|newspaper=BBC News فارسی|date=2017-07-15}}</ref> |
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Iranian president [[Hassan Rouhani]] and other officials published condolence messages and praised Mirzakhani's scientific achievements. Rouhani said in his message that "the unprecedented brilliance of this creative scientist and modest human being, who made Iran's name resonate in the world's scientific forums, was a turning point in showing the great will of Iranian women and young people on the path towards reaching the peaks of glory and in various international arenas."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.presstv.ir/Detail/2017/07/15/528535/Iran-Maryam-Mirzakhani-cancer-US|title=Iranian math genius Mirzakhani passes away|date=15 July 2017}}</ref> [[Sharif University of Technology]], the place where Mirzakhani studied, announced that its faculty of mathematics will be renamed to "Mirzakhani".{{Citation needed|date=July 2017}} |
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Upon her death, several Iranian newspapers, along with [[President of Iran|Iranian President]] [[Hassan Rouhani]], broke taboo and published photographs of Mirzakhani with her hair uncovered, a gesture that was widely noted in the press and on social media.<ref name=Dehghan /><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/07/maryam-mirzakhani-hijab-iran/533916/ |title=Why Iran Broke Its Strict Hijab Rules for the 'Queen of Math' |last=Samuel|first=Sigal |work=The Atlantic |access-date=2017-07-18 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=thewire>{{Cite web |url=https://thewire.in/158366/iran-maryam-mirzakhani-hijab-taboo/ |title=Iranian Media Break Hijab Taboo in Tributes to Maryam Mirzakhani |website=thewire.in |language=en-GB |access-date=2017-07-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/maryam-mirzakhani-death-iranian-press-publishes-tributes-without-hijab_uk_596ca53de4b0d6341fea3f46 |title=Iranian Press Flouts Hijab Rules In Death Tributes To Trailblazing Maths Genius |date=2017-07-17 |work=HuffPost UK |access-date=2017-07-19 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Mirzakhani's death has also renewed debates within Iran regarding [[Matrilineality|matrilineal]] citizenship for children of mixed-nationality parentage; [[Fars News Agency]] reported that, on the heels of Mirzakhani's death, 60 [[Islamic Consultative Assembly|Iranian MPs]] urged the speeding up of an amendment to a law that would allow children of Iranian mothers married to foreigners to be given Iranian nationality, in order to make it easier for Mirzakhani's daughter to visit Iran.<ref name=Dehghan /><ref name=thewire /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.kodoom.com/iran-culture/%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D9%88%D8%B5%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87/topic/1713507/|title=اصلاح قانون تابعیت عمل به وصیتنامه مرحوم میرزاخانی نابغه ریاضی جهان را ...|work=Kodoom.com|access-date=2017-07-19|language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.euronews.com/2017/07/17/how-death-of-maths-genius-mirzakhani-is-breaking-taboos-for-women-in-iran|title=How death of maths genius Mirzakhani is breaking taboos for women in Iran|last=Harris|first=Chris|date=2017-07-17|website=euronews|access-date=2017-07-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/maryam-mirzakhani-first-woman-to-win-the-fields-medal-dies-at-40/|title=Maryam Mirzakhani, First Woman To Win The Fields Medal, Dies At 40|work=IFLScience|access-date=2017-07-19|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.siasat.com/news/iranian-newspapers-break-hijab-taboo-tribute-maryam-mirzakhani-1212719/|title=Iranian newspapers break hijab taboo in tribute to Maryam Mirzakhani|website=Siasat.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-07-19|date=2017-07-17}}</ref> |
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Numerous obituaries and tributes were published in the days following Maryam Mirzakhani's death.<ref name="amsobit">{{cite web|title=A Tribute to Maryam Mirzakhani|url=http://www.ams.org/profession/mirzakhani/|website=American Mathematical Society|date=18 July 2017|access-date=3 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="robertsny">{{Cite journal|last1=Roberts|first1=Siobhan|authorlink=Siobhan Roberts|title=Maryam Mirzakhani's Pioneering Mathematical Legacy|url=http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/maryam-mirzakhanis-pioneering-mathematical-legacy/|journal=The New Yorker|date=17 July 2017|access-date=3 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="chasquanta">{{cite web|last1=Chas|first1=Moira|title=The Beautiful Mathematical Explorations of Maryam Mirzakhani|url=https://www.quantamagazine.org/the-beautiful-mathematical-explorations-of-maryam-mirzakhani-20170724/|website=Quanta Magazine|date=24 July 2017|access-date=3 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="halpernforbes">{{cite web|last1=Halpern|first1=Paul|title=Maryam Mirzakhani, A Candle Illuminating the Dark|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2017/08/01/maryam-mirzakhani-a-candle-illuminating-the-dark/#ebb8feb36c1c/|website=Forbes|date=1 August 2017|access-date=3 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wright|first=Alex|date=2017-08-25|title=Maryam Mirzakhani (1977–2017)|url=http://science.sciencemag.org/content/357/6353/758|journal=Science|language=en|volume=357|issue=6353|pages=758|doi=10.1126/science.aao6074|issn=0036-8075|pmid=28839063}}</ref> |
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On February 2, 2018, [[Satellogic]], a high-resolution [[Earth observation]] imaging and analytics company, launched a [[ÑuSat]] type [[Small satellite|micro-satellite]] named in honor of Maryam Mirzakhani.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/02/02/china-lofts-earthquake-research-craft-with-cluster-of-smaller-satellites/|title=China lofts earthquake research craft with cluster of smaller satellites – Spaceflight Now|website=spaceflightnow.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-02-04}}</ref> |
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== Awards and honors == |
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* Gold medal. International Mathematical Olympiad (Hong Kong 1994) |
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* Gold medal. International Mathematical Olympiad (Canada 1995) |
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* [[Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences|IPM]] Fellowship, Tehran, Iran, 1995–1999<ref name="mmcv2" /> |
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* Merit fellowship Harvard University, 2003<ref name="mmcv2" /> |
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* Harvard Junior Fellowship Harvard University, 2003<ref name="mmcv2" /> |
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* Clay Mathematics Institute Research Fellow 2004<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.maths.ox.ac.uk/cmi/library/annual_report/ar2008/08Interview.pdf|title=Interview with Research Fellow Maryam Mirzakhani|publisher=Oxford University|year=2008}}</ref> |
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* AMS [[Blumenthal Award]] 2009<ref name="AMS">[http://www.ams.org/ams/press/blumenthal-2009.html American Mathematical Society]. Retrieved 6 January 2009</ref> |
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* Invited to talk at the [[International Congress of Mathematicians]] in 2010, on the topic of "Topology and Dynamical Systems & ODE"<ref>{{cite web|title=ICM Plenary and Invited Speakers since 1897|url=http://www.mathunion.org/db/ICM/Speakers/SortedByCongress.php|publisher=[[International Congress of Mathematicians]]|access-date=13 August 2014}}</ref> |
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* The 2013 AMS [[Ruth Lyttle Satter Prize in Mathematics]]. "Presented every two years by the American Mathematical Society, the Satter Prize recognizes an outstanding contribution to mathematics research by a woman in the preceding six years. The prize was awarded on 10 January 2013, at the Joint Mathematics Meetings in San Diego."<ref name=AMS /> |
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* Simons Investigator Award 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.simonsfoundation.org/mathematics-and-physical-science/simons-investigators/simons-investigators-2013/|title=2013 Simons Investigators Awardees {{!}} Simons Foundation|website=Simonsfoundation.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-08-03}}</ref> |
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* Named one of ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' magazine's ten "people who mattered" of 2014<ref>{{cite journal |
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|last1=Gibney |first1=E. |
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|last2=Leford |first2=H. |
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|last3=Lok |first3=C. |
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|last4=Hayden |first4=E.C. |
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|last5=Cowen |first5=R. |
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|last6=Klarreich |first6=E. |
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|last7=Reardon |first7=S. |
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|last8=Padma |first8=T.V. |
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|last9=Cyranoski |first9=D. |
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|last10=Callaway |first10=E. |
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|date=18 December 2014 |
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|title=Nature's 10 Ten people who mattered this year |
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|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |
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|volume=516 |issue=7531 |
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|pages=311–319 |
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|doi=10.1038/516311a |pmid=25519114 |
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|bibcode=2014Natur.516..311.}}</ref> |
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* [[Clay Research Award]] 2014<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.claymath.org/events/news/2014-clay-research-awards|title=2014 Clay Research Awards – Clay Mathematics Institute|website=Claymath.org|accessdate=21 October 2017}}</ref> |
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* [[List of International Congresses of Mathematicians Plenary and Invited Speakers|Plenary speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians]] (ICM 2014) |
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* [[Fields Medal]] 2014<ref name=IMU2014 /><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.lemonde.fr/planete/article/2014/08/12/medaille-fields-de-mathematiques-une-femme-promue-pour-la-premiere-fois_4470640_3244.html |title=Médaille Fields de mathématiques : une femme promue pour la première fois |newspaper=[[Le Monde]] |date=12 August 2014 |first1=David |last1=Larousserie |language=fr |access-date=13 August 2014}}</ref> |
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*Elected foreign associate to the [[French Academy of Sciences]] in 2015<ref>{{cite web |title=Quinze nouveaux associés étrangers à l'Académie des sciences |url=http://www.academie-sciences.fr/pdf/communique/election_AE_2015.pdf |publisher=Institute de France Académie des Sciences |access-date=16 July 2017}}</ref> |
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*Elected to the [[American Philosophical Society]] in 2015<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.amphilsoc.org/members/electedApril2015|title=Newly Elected|date=April 2015|publisher=[[American Philosophical Society]]|access-date=2015-08-28|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150816203936/https://amphilsoc.org/members/electedApril2015|archivedate=16 August 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> |
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* [[National Academy of Sciences]] 2016<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/may-3-2016-NAS-Election.html |
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|title=National Academy of Sciences Members and Foreign Associates Elected |date= |access-date=2016-05-05}}</ref> |
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*Elected to the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] in 2017<ref>{{citation|url=https://mathematics.stanford.edu/2017/04/14/maryam-mirzakhani-elected-to-american-academy-of-arts-and-sciences/|title=Maryam Mirzakhani elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences|date=May 2017|publisher=Department of Mathematics, Stanford University|access-date=2017-05-06}}</ref> |
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* Asteroid [[321357 Mirzakhani]] was named in her memory.<ref name="MPC-asteroid" /> The official naming citation was published by the [[Minor Planet Center]] ({{small|[[Minor Planet Circulars|M.P.C.]] 108698}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" /> |
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== See also == |
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* [[Sharif University of Technology]] |
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* [[Clay institute]] |
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== References == |
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{{Reflist|refs= |
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<ref name="MPC-asteroid">{{cite web |
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|title = 321357 Mirzakhani (2009 MM) |
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|work = Minor Planet Center |
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|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=321357 |
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|accessdate = 6 February 2018}}</ref> |
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<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web |
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|title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive |
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|work = Minor Planet Center |
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|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html |
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|accessdate = 6 February 2018}}</ref> |
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}} <!-- end of reflist --> |
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== External links == |
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* {{MathGenealogy|id=91093}} |
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{{Wikiquote|Maryam Mirzakhani}} |
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{{Commons category|Maryam Mirzakhani}} |
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*[http://mmirzakhani.com/ Official Website of Maryam Mirzakhani] {{Fa icon}} |
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* {{cite web |url= https://www.matific.com/us/en/maryam-mirzakhani |title= Maryam Mirzakhani's work on Riemann surfaces explained in simple terms |website= Matific |date= 14 Aug 2014 |access-date = 18 Aug 2014}} |
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* {{cite web |url=http://abel.math.harvard.edu/~ctm/papers/home/text/papers/icm14/icm14.pdf|title= The work of Maryam Mirzakhani |website= Harvard University |first= Curtis |last= McMullen |date= 14 Aug 2014 |access-date = 18 Aug 2017}} |
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{{Fields medalists}} |
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{{Portal bar|Mathematics|Biography}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mirzakhani, Maryam}} |
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[[Category:1977 births]] |
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[[Category:2017 deaths]] |
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[[Category:21st-century mathematicians]] |
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[[Category:Deaths from cancer in California]] |
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[[Category:Deaths from breast cancer]] |
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[[Category:Dynamical systems theorists]] |
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[[Category:Fields Medalists]] |
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[[Category:Geometers]] |
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[[Category:Harvard University alumni]] |
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[[Category:Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars]] |
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[[Category:International Mathematical Olympiad participants]] |
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[[Category:Iranian expatriates in the United States]] |
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[[Category:Iranian expatriate academics]] |
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[[Category:Iranian mathematicians]] |
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[[Category:Iranian women scientists]] |
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[[Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society]] |
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[[Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences]] |
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[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences]] |
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[[Category:People from Tehran]] |
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[[Category:Sharif University of Technology alumni]] |
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[[Category:Stanford University Department of Mathematics faculty]] |
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[[Category:Tehran Farzanegan high school alumni]] |
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[[Category:Topologists]] |
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[[Category:Women mathematicians]] |
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[[Category:Simons Investigator]] |
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== Karen's peer review== |
== Karen's peer review== |
Revision as of 22:18, 13 November 2018
Maryam Mirzakhani
a. Complete and better existing page
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryam_Mirzakhani
b. About a woman of color from Iran who is an accomplished mathematician (related
to gender, race, nationality, immigrant status and STEM)
c. Incorporating the non-English wikipedia info and new ones to fill in the scope
d. Already has an existing page, and is notable
e. Kasra Rafi. “Maryam Mirzakhani (1977–2017).” Nature, vol. 549, no. 7670,
2017, p. 32.
This is a user sandbox of Taebrahii. You can use it for testing or practicing edits. This is not the sandbox where you should draft your assigned article for a dashboard.wikiedu.org course. To find the right sandbox for your assignment, visit your Dashboard course page and follow the Sandbox Draft link for your assigned article in the My Articles section. |
Article (Eng)
Maryam Mirzakhani | |
---|---|
Persian: مریم میرزاخانی | |
Born | 12 May 1977 |
Died | 14 July 2017 Stanford, California, U.S. | (aged 40)
Nationality | Iranian[3][4] |
Education | Sharif University of Technology (BSc) Harvard University (PhD) |
Spouse | Jan Vondrák |
Children | 1 |
Awards |
|
Scientific career | |
Fields | Mathematics |
Institutions | |
Thesis | Simple geodesics on hyperbolic surfaces and the volume of the moduli space of curves (2004) |
Doctoral advisor | Curtis T. McMullen[1] |
Other academic advisors | Ebadollah S. Mahmoodian[2] |
Maryam Mirzakhani (Persian: مریم میرزاخانی, pronounced [mæɾˈjæm miːɾzɑːxɑːˈniː]; 12 May 1977 – 14 July 2017) was an Iranian[5][6][7][3] mathematician and a professor of mathematics at Stanford University.[8][9][10] Her research topics included Teichmüller theory, hyperbolic geometry, ergodic theory, and symplectic geometry.[3]
On 13 August 2014, Mirzakhani was honored with the Fields Medal, the most prestigious award in mathematics.[11][12] Thus, she became both the first woman and the first Iranian to be honored with the award.[13] The award committee cited her work in "the dynamics and geometry of Riemann surfaces and their moduli spaces".[14]
On 14 July 2017, Mirzakhani died of breast cancer at the age of 40.[15]
Early life and education
Mirzakhani was born on 12 May 1977[5] in Tehran, Iran. Her father Ahmad is an electrical engineer.[7] She attended Tehran Farzanegan School there, part of the National Organization for Development of Exceptional Talents (NODET). In 1994, Mirzakhani achieved the gold medal level in the International Mathematical Olympiad, the first female Iranian student to do so.[16] In the 1995 International Mathematical Olympiad, she became the first Iranian student to achieve a perfect score and to win two gold medals.[17][18][19]
She obtained a BSc in mathematics in 1999 from the Sharif University of Technology. She then went to the United States for graduate work, earning a Ph.D. in 2004 from Harvard University, where she worked under the supervision of the Fields Medalist Curtis T. McMullen.[20] At Harvard she is said to have been "distinguished by ... determination and relentless questioning", despite not being a native English-speaker. She used to take her class notes in Persian.[21]
Career
Mirzakhani was a 2004 research fellow of the Clay Mathematics Institute and a professor at Princeton University.[22] In 2009, she became a professor at Stanford University.[14][23]
Research work
Mirzakhani made several contributions to the theory of moduli spaces of Riemann surfaces. Mirzakhani’s early work solved the problem of counting simple closed geodesics on hyperbolic Riemann surfaces by finding a relationship to volume calculations on moduli space. Geodesics are the natural generalization of the idea of a "straight line" to "curved spaces". Slightly more formally, a curve is a geodesic if no slight deformation can make it shorter. Closed geodesics are geodesics which are also closed curves—that is, they are curves that close up into loops. A closed geodesic is simple if it does not cross itself.
A previous result, known as the “prime number theorem for geodesics”, established that the number of closed geodesics of length less than L grows exponentially with L—it is asymptotic to . However, the analogous counting problem for simple closed geodesics remained open, despite being “the key object to unlocking the structure and geometry of the whole surface,” according to University of Chicago topologist Benson Farb.[24] Mirzakhani’s 2004 PhD thesis solved this problem, showing that the number of simple closed geodesics of length less than L is polynomial in L. Explicitly, it is asymptotic to , where g is the genus (roughly, the number of “holes”) and c is a constant depending on the hyperbolic structure. This result can be seen as a generalization of the theorem of the three geodesics for spherical surfaces.[25][26]
Mirzakhani solved this counting problem by relating it to the problem of computing volumes in moduli space—a space whose points correspond to different complex structures on a surface genus g. In her thesis, Mirzakhani found a volume formula for the moduli space of bordered Riemann surfaces of genus g with n geodesic boundary components. From this formula followed the counting for simple closed geodesics mentioned above, as well as a number of other results. This led her to obtain a new proof for the formula discovered by Edward Witten and Maxim Kontsevich on the intersection numbers of tautological classes on moduli space.[8][27]
Her subsequent work focused on Teichmüller dynamics of moduli space. In particular, she was able to prove the long-standing conjecture that William Thurston's earthquake flow on Teichmüller space is ergodic.[28] One can construct a simple earthquake map by cutting a surface along a finite number of disjoint simple closed geodesics, sliding the edges of each of these cut past each other by some amount, and closing the surface back up. One can imagine the surface being cut by strike-slip faults. An earthquake is a sort of limit of simple earthquakes, where one has an infinite number of geodesics, and instead of attaching a positive real number to each geodesic one puts a measure on them.
In 2014, with Alex Eskin and with input from Amir Mohammadi, Mirzakhani proved that complex geodesics and their closures in moduli space are surprisingly regular, rather than irregular or fractal.[29][30] The closures of complex geodesics are algebraic objects defined in terms of polynomials and therefore they have certain rigidity properties, which is analogous to a celebrated result that Marina Ratner arrived at during the 1990s.[30] The International Mathematical Union said in its press release that "It is astounding to find that the rigidity in homogeneous spaces has an echo in the inhomogeneous world of moduli space."[30]
Awarding of Fields Medal
Mirzakhani was awarded the Fields Medal in 2014 for "her outstanding contributions to the dynamics and geometry of Riemann surfaces and their moduli spaces".[31] The award was made in Seoul at the International Congress of Mathematicians on 13 August.[32] At the time of the award, Jordan Ellenberg explained her research to a popular audience:
[Her] work expertly blends dynamics with geometry. Among other things, she studies billiards. But now, in a move very characteristic of modern mathematics, it gets kind of meta: She considers not just one billiard table, but the universe of all possible billiard tables. And the kind of dynamics she studies doesn't directly concern the motion of the billiards on the table, but instead a transformation of the billiard table itself, which is changing its shape in a rule-governed way; if you like, the table itself moves like a strange planet around the universe of all possible tables ... This isn't the kind of thing you do to win at pool, but it's the kind of thing you do to win a Fields Medal. And it's what you need to do in order to expose the dynamics at the heart of geometry; for there's no question that they're there.[33]
In 2014, President Hassan Rouhani of Iran congratulated her for winning the topmost world mathematics prize.[34]
Mirzakhani has an Erdős number of 3.[35]
Personal life
In 2008, Mirzakhani married Jan Vondrák, a Czech theoretical computer scientist and applied mathematician who currently is an associate professor at Stanford University.[36][37] They have a daughter named Anahita.[38] Mirzakhani lived in Palo Alto, California.[39]
Mirzakhani described herself as a "slow" mathematician, saying that "you have to spend some energy and effort to see the beauty of math." To solve problems, Mirzakhani would draw doodles on sheets of paper and write mathematical formulas around the drawings. Her daughter described her mother's work as "painting".[40][41]
She declared:
I don't have any particular recipe [for developing new proofs] ... It is like being lost in a jungle and trying to use all the knowledge that you can gather to come up with some new tricks, and with some luck, you might find a way out.[40]
Death and legacy
Mirzakhani was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2013.[42] In 2016, the cancer spread to her bones and liver,[40][43] and she died on 14 July 2017 at the age of 40 at Stanford Hospital in Stanford, California.[40][44][7][45]
Iranian president Hassan Rouhani and other officials published condolence messages and praised Mirzakhani's scientific achievements. Rouhani said in his message that "the unprecedented brilliance of this creative scientist and modest human being, who made Iran's name resonate in the world's scientific forums, was a turning point in showing the great will of Iranian women and young people on the path towards reaching the peaks of glory and in various international arenas."[46] Sharif University of Technology, the place where Mirzakhani studied, announced that its faculty of mathematics will be renamed to "Mirzakhani".[citation needed]
Upon her death, several Iranian newspapers, along with Iranian President Hassan Rouhani, broke taboo and published photographs of Mirzakhani with her hair uncovered, a gesture that was widely noted in the press and on social media.[13][47][48][49] Mirzakhani's death has also renewed debates within Iran regarding matrilineal citizenship for children of mixed-nationality parentage; Fars News Agency reported that, on the heels of Mirzakhani's death, 60 Iranian MPs urged the speeding up of an amendment to a law that would allow children of Iranian mothers married to foreigners to be given Iranian nationality, in order to make it easier for Mirzakhani's daughter to visit Iran.[13][48][50][51][52][53]
Numerous obituaries and tributes were published in the days following Maryam Mirzakhani's death.[54][55][56][57][58]
On February 2, 2018, Satellogic, a high-resolution Earth observation imaging and analytics company, launched a ÑuSat type micro-satellite named in honor of Maryam Mirzakhani.[59]
Awards and honors
- Gold medal. International Mathematical Olympiad (Hong Kong 1994)
- Gold medal. International Mathematical Olympiad (Canada 1995)
- IPM Fellowship, Tehran, Iran, 1995–1999[3]
- Merit fellowship Harvard University, 2003[3]
- Harvard Junior Fellowship Harvard University, 2003[3]
- Clay Mathematics Institute Research Fellow 2004[60]
- AMS Blumenthal Award 2009[61]
- Invited to talk at the International Congress of Mathematicians in 2010, on the topic of "Topology and Dynamical Systems & ODE"[62]
- The 2013 AMS Ruth Lyttle Satter Prize in Mathematics. "Presented every two years by the American Mathematical Society, the Satter Prize recognizes an outstanding contribution to mathematics research by a woman in the preceding six years. The prize was awarded on 10 January 2013, at the Joint Mathematics Meetings in San Diego."[61]
- Simons Investigator Award 2013[63]
- Named one of Nature magazine's ten "people who mattered" of 2014[64]
- Clay Research Award 2014[65]
- Plenary speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM 2014)
- Fields Medal 2014[12][66]
- Elected foreign associate to the French Academy of Sciences in 2015[67]
- Elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2015[68]
- National Academy of Sciences 2016[69]
- Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2017[70]
- Asteroid 321357 Mirzakhani was named in her memory.[71] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center (M.P.C. 108698).[72]
See also
References
- ^ Jonathan, Webb (2014). "First female winner for Fields maths medal". BBC News. BBC News. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
- ^ "Private Funeral of Professor Mirzakhani to be held in the United States", Iranian Students News Agency (in Persian), 19 July 2017, 96042715699, retrieved 19 July 2017
- ^ a b c d e f Mirzakhani, Maryam. "Curriculum Vitae" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 November 2005. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
- ^ Valette, Alain. "The Fields Medalists 2014" (PDF). Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Institut de mathématiques, Université de Neuchâtel. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
- ^ a b "وبسایت رسمی مریم میرزاخانی". mmirzakhani.com (in Persian). Retrieved 6 September 2018.
- ^ "Maryam Mirzakhani, first woman to win maths' Fields Medal, dies". BBC News. bbc.com. 12 August 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
- ^ a b c Chang, Kenneth (16 July 2017). "Maryam Mirzakhani, only woman to win a Fields Medal, dies at 40". The New York Times.
- ^ a b Mirzakhani, Maryam (2007). "Weil-Petersson volumes and intersection theory on the moduli space of curves" (PDF). Journal of the American Mathematical Society. 20 (1): 1–23. Bibcode:2007JAMS...20....1M. doi:10.1090/S0894-0347-06-00526-1. MR 2257394.
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{{cite news}}
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ignored (|url-status=
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{{citation}}
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "National Academy of Sciences Members and Foreign Associates Elected". Retrieved 5 May 2016.
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External links
- Official Website of Maryam Mirzakhani Template:Fa icon
- "Maryam Mirzakhani's work on Riemann surfaces explained in simple terms". Matific. 14 August 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2014.
- McMullen, Curtis (14 August 2014). "The work of Maryam Mirzakhani" (PDF). Harvard University. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
Karen's peer review
Your article is very closely related to mine as we are both updated articles on women in Mathematics! I think you should go more in depth about her awards and accomplishments and how she got them. Also maybe focus on the (possible) racial and gender bias circumstances she had to overcome to become such an outstanding female mathematician. Other than that, I'm excited to read it when it's finished!
- 1977 births
- 2017 deaths
- 21st-century mathematicians
- Deaths from cancer in California
- Deaths from breast cancer
- Dynamical systems theorists
- Fields Medalists
- Geometers
- Harvard University alumni
- Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars
- International Mathematical Olympiad participants
- Iranian expatriates in the United States
- Iranian expatriate academics
- Iranian mathematicians
- Iranian women scientists
- Members of the American Philosophical Society
- Members of the French Academy of Sciences
- Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
- People from Tehran
- Sharif University of Technology alumni
- Stanford University Department of Mathematics faculty
- Tehran Farzanegan high school alumni
- Topologists
- Women mathematicians
- Simons Investigator