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The area surrounding Greeleyville was once home to several Native American tribes, including the [[Wee Nee]], [[Winyaw|Wee Tee]], and [[Mingo|Mingoes]], who inhabited and utilized the region as hunting grounds into the eighteenth century.<ref name='Bierer'>{{cite book |last1=Bierer |first1=Bert W. |title=South Carolina Indian Lore |date=1972 |publisher=The State Printing Company |location=Columbia, S.C. |pages=8-9, 13-14}}</ref> A remnant population of [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas Native Americans|Native Americans]], known as the Goins Indian Community, has lived just north of Greeleyville since the mid-nineteenth century.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Paredes |first1=J. Anthony |title=Indians of the Southeastern United States in the Late 20th Century |date=1992 |publisher=The University of Alabama Press |location=Tuscaloosa, AL. |page=75-77}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Hicks |first1=Theresa M. |title=South Carolina Indians, Indian Traders, and Other Ethnic Connections |date=1998 |publisher=The Reprint Company |location=Spartanburg, SC |page=263 |edition=1st}}</ref> The community once maintained it's own church and during the [[School segregation in the United States|era of racial segregation]], had a state-funded school which operated until 1949.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Goins |first1=William Moreau |title=SC Native Pathways: A Visitor's & Resource Guide to American Indian Heritage & Historic Sites in South Carolina |date=2008 |publisher=Phoenix Publishers |location=Columbia, S.C. |page=40}}</ref> The community today alleges to be descended from the Wee Nee, among other historic tribes of the Carolinas.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Goulding |first1=Shelbie |title=Greeleyville Band of Black River Indians regroups with plans to place grave markers in Sumter |url=https://www.theitem.com/stories/greeleyville-band-of-black-river-indians-regroups-with-plans-to-place-grave-markers-in-sumter,371127 |access-date=31 December 2022 |work=The Sumter Item |language=en}}</ref> |
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{{short description|Native American tribe in South Carolina}} |
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{{Infobox Ethnic group |
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|group=Black River Indian Nation |
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|image_caption= |
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|popplace={{USA}} ({{Flag|South Carolina}}) |
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|rels=[[Christianity]] |
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|langs=English, formerly [[Siouan languages|Siouan]] |
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|related= |
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|population=100 (enrolled members)}} |
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The '''Black River Indian Nation,''' (in [[Catawban languages|Catawban]], '''yeni''' or '''ye iswa yeni''') are a small unrecognized tribe of [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American people]] descended from various historic tribes of the Carolinas, located near [[Greeleyville, South Carolina]]. In 1971, the people became the subject of study by renowned ethnohistorian Wes Taukchiray, who recognized the community, then referred to as the Goins Indian Community, as a surviving remnant population of American Indians whose ancestors originated as part of the Privateer Indian Community of [[Sumter County, South Carolina]] in the mid-nineteenth century. |
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The Black River Indians are descended from the [[Catawba (tribe)|Catawba]], [[Hatteras Indians|Hatteras]], [[Winyaw|Winyah]], [[Cape Fear Indians|Dawhee]], and the Stono (a subtribe of the [[Cusabo]]). Under pressure from [[European colonization of the Americas|colonialism]], and population losses due to [[infectious diseases]] and the [[Yamassee War|Yemassee War]] of the 18th century, surviving members of the various tribes intermarried with each other and formed their own communities near European settlements to avoid slave raids by stronger tribes. Europeans referred to members of these communities as Parched Corn Indians. As time went on and various families intermarried with each other, communities like the Privateer Indian Community came to exist. |
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Revision as of 01:24, 31 December 2022
The area surrounding Greeleyville was once home to several Native American tribes, including the Wee Nee, Wee Tee, and Mingoes, who inhabited and utilized the region as hunting grounds into the eighteenth century.[1] A remnant population of Native Americans, known as the Goins Indian Community, has lived just north of Greeleyville since the mid-nineteenth century.[2][3] The community once maintained it's own church and during the era of racial segregation, had a state-funded school which operated until 1949.[4] The community today alleges to be descended from the Wee Nee, among other historic tribes of the Carolinas.[5]
- ^ Bierer, Bert W. (1972). South Carolina Indian Lore. Columbia, S.C.: The State Printing Company. pp. 8–9, 13–14.
- ^ Paredes, J. Anthony (1992). Indians of the Southeastern United States in the Late 20th Century. Tuscaloosa, AL.: The University of Alabama Press. p. 75-77.
- ^ Hicks, Theresa M. (1998). South Carolina Indians, Indian Traders, and Other Ethnic Connections (1st ed.). Spartanburg, SC: The Reprint Company. p. 263.
- ^ Goins, William Moreau (2008). SC Native Pathways: A Visitor's & Resource Guide to American Indian Heritage & Historic Sites in South Carolina. Columbia, S.C.: Phoenix Publishers. p. 40.
- ^ Goulding, Shelbie. "Greeleyville Band of Black River Indians regroups with plans to place grave markers in Sumter". The Sumter Item. Retrieved 31 December 2022.