Jump to content

We (kana): Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Poketalker (talk | contribs)
203 edits
Formatting and copy-writing, more said formatting needed
Line 8: Line 8:
|Katakana Manyogana = 恵
|Katakana Manyogana = 恵
|Other Manyogana = 廻 恵 面 咲
|Other Manyogana = 廻 恵 面 咲
|Spelling = かぎのあるヱ<br/>[[Key (lock)|Kagi]] no [[Animacy#Japanese|aru]] "we"
|Braille = [[File:Japanese We Braille.svg|32px|⠖]]
|Braille = [[File:Japanese We Braille.svg|32px|⠖]]
|Unicode = U+3091, U+30F1
|Unicode = U+3091, U+30F1
Line 15: Line 16:
{{kana gojuon sidebar}}
{{kana gojuon sidebar}}


'''{{lang|ja|ゑ}}''' in {{transl|ja|[[hiragana]]}}, or '''{{lang|ja|ヱ}}''' in {{transl|ja|[[katakana]]}}, is a nearly obsolete Japanese {{transl|ja|[[kana]]}}. The combination of a W-column kana letter with '''{{lang|ja|"ゑ゙"}}''' in {{transl|ja|hiragana}} was introduced to represent [ve] in the 19th century and 20th century.
'''{{lang|ja|ゑ}}''' in {{transl|ja|[[hiragana]]}}, or '''{{lang|ja|ヱ}}''' in {{transl|ja|[[katakana]]}}, is a nearly obsolete Japanese {{transl|ja|[[kana]]}}. The combination of a W-column kana letter with "'''{{lang|ja|ゑ゙}}'''" in {{transl|ja|hiragana}} was introduced to represent [ve] in the 19th and 20th centuries.


It is presumed that {{lang|ja|'ゑ'}} represented {{IPA-ja|we||Ja-We.oga}}, and that {{lang|ja|ゑ}} and {{lang|ja|え}} indicated different pronunciations until somewhere between the [[Kamakura period]] and the [[Taishō period]], when they both came to be pronounced as {{lang|ja|'イェ'}} {{IPA-ja|je||Ja-Ie.oga}}, later shifting to the modern {{lang|ja|'エ'}} {{IPA|[e]}}.{{Citation needed|date=February 2009}} Along with the kana for {{transl|ja|[[Wi (kana)|wi]]}} ({{lang|ja|'ゐ'}} in {{transl|ja|hiragana}}, {{lang|ja|'ヰ'}} in {{transl|ja|katakana}}), this {{transl|ja|kana}} was deemed obsolete in Japanese in 1946 and replaced with {{lang|ja|[[E (kana)|え]]}} and {{lang|ja|エ}}. It is now rare in everyday usage; in onomatopoeia or foreign words, the katakana form {{lang|ja|'ウェ'}} (U-[small-e]) is preferred, as in {{lang|ja|"ウェスト"}} for "west".
It is presumed that {{lang|ja|'ゑ'}} represented {{IPA-ja|we||Ja-We.oga}}, and that {{lang|ja|ゑ}} and {{lang|ja|え}} indicated different pronunciations until somewhere between the [[Kamakura period|Kamakura]] and [[Taishō period]], when they both came to be pronounced as {{lang|ja|'イェ'}} {{IPA-ja|je||Ja-Ie.oga}}, later shifting to the modern {{lang|ja|'エ'}} {{IPA|[e]}}.{{Citation needed|date=February 2009}} Along with the kana for {{transl|ja|[[Wi (kana)|wi]]}} ({{lang|ja|'ゐ'}} in {{transl|ja|hiragana}}, {{lang|ja|'ヰ'}} in {{transl|ja|katakana}}), this {{transl|ja|kana}} was deemed obsolete in Japanese in 1946 and replaced with {{lang|ja|[[E (kana)|え]]}} and {{lang|ja|エ}}. It is now rare in everyday usage; in onomatopoeia or foreign words, the katakana form {{lang|ja|'ウェ'}} (U-[small-e]) is preferred, as in {{lang|ja|"ウェスト"}} for "west".


The {{transl|ja|kana}} still sees some modern-day usage. [[Ebisu (mythology)|Ebisu]] is usually written as {{lang|ja|"えびす"}}, but sometimes {{lang|ja|"ゑびす"}} like {{nihongo|Kyōto Ebisu Shrine|京都ゑびす神社|Kyōto Webisu Jinja}},<ref>[http://www.kyoto-ebisu.jp/ 京都ゑびす神社]</ref> and name of the beer {{nihongo|[[Yebisu]]|ヱビス}}, which is actually pronounced "Ebisu". The Japanese title of the ''[[Rebuild of Evangelion]]'' series is {{nihongo|''Evangelion: New Theatrical Edition''|ヱヴァンゲリヲン新劇場版|Wevangeriwon Shin Gekijōban}}. {{transl|ja|Katakana}} {{lang|ja|ヱ}} is sometimes written with a {{transl|ja|[[dakuten]]}}, {{lang|ja|ヹ}}, to represent a {{IPA|/ve/}} sound in foreign words; however, most [[Input Method Editor|IMEs]] lack a convenient way to write this, and the combination {{lang|ja|ヴェ}} is far more common.
The {{transl|ja|kana}} still sees some modern-day usage. [[Ebisu (mythology)|Ebisu]] is usually written as {{lang|ja|"えびす"}}, but sometimes {{lang|ja|"ゑびす"}} like {{nihongo|Kyoto Ebisu Shrine|京都ゑびす神社|Kyōto Webisu Jinja}},<ref>[http://www.kyoto-ebisu.jp/ 京都ゑびす神社]</ref> and name of the beer {{nihongo|[[Yebisu]]|ヱビス}}, which is actually pronounced "Ebisu". The Japanese title of the ''[[Rebuild of Evangelion]]'' series is {{nihongo|''Evangelion: New Theatrical Edition''|ヱヴァンゲリヲン新劇場版|Wevangeriwon Shin Gekijōban}}. {{transl|ja|Katakana}} {{lang|ja|ヱ}} is sometimes written with a {{transl|ja|[[dakuten]]}}, {{lang|ja|ヹ}}, to represent a {{IPA|/ve/}} sound in foreign words; however, most [[Input Method Editor|IMEs]] lack a convenient way to write this, and the combination {{lang|ja|ヴェ}} is far more common.


{{transl|ja|Hiragana}} {{lang|ja|ゑ}} is still used in several [[Okinawan writing system|Okinawan orthographies]] for the syllable {{IPA|/we/}}. In the Ryūkyū University system, {{lang|ja|ゑ}} is also combined with a small {{lang|ja|ぃ}} ({{lang|ja|ゑぃ/ヱィ}}), to represent the sound {{IPA|/wi/}}. {{transl|ja|Katakana}} {{lang|ja|ヱ}} is used in [[Ainu language#Writing|Ainu]] for {{IPA|/we/}}.
{{transl|ja|Hiragana}} {{lang|ja|ゑ}} is still used in several [[Okinawan writing system|Okinawan orthographies]] for the syllable {{IPA|/we/}}. In the Ryūkyū University system, {{lang|ja|ゑ}} is also combined with a small {{lang|ja|ぃ}} ({{lang|ja|ゑぃ/ヱィ}}), to represent the sound {{IPA|/wi/}}. {{transl|ja|Katakana}} {{lang|ja|ヱ}} is used in [[Ainu language#Writing|Ainu]] for {{IPA|/we/}}.

Revision as of 05:59, 2 July 2023

we
hiragana
japanese hiragana we		 katakana
japanese katakana we
transliterationwe
hiragana origin恵
katakana origin恵
Man'yōgana廻 恵 面 咲
spelling kanaかぎのあるヱ
Kagi no aru "we"
unicodeU+3091, U+30F1
braille⠖
kana gojūon
warayamahanatasakaa
wiri(yi)mihinichishikii
(wu)ruyumufunutsusukuu
were(ye)mehenetesekee
woroyomohonotosokoo
n
Kana modifiers and marks
Multi-moraic kana

ゑ in hiragana, or ヱ in katakana, is a nearly obsolete Japanese kana. The combination of a W-column kana letter with "ゑ゙" in hiragana was introduced to represent [ve] in the 19th and 20th centuries.

It is presumed that 'ゑ' represented [we] ⓘ, and that ゑ and え indicated different pronunciations until somewhere between the Kamakura and Taishō period, when they both came to be pronounced as 'イェ' [je] ⓘ, later shifting to the modern 'エ' [e].[citation needed] Along with the kana for wi ('ゐ' in hiragana, 'ヰ' in katakana), this kana was deemed obsolete in Japanese in 1946 and replaced with え and エ. It is now rare in everyday usage; in onomatopoeia or foreign words, the katakana form 'ウェ' (U-[small-e]) is preferred, as in "ウェスト" for "west".

The kana still sees some modern-day usage. Ebisu is usually written as "えびす", but sometimes "ゑびす" like Kyoto Ebisu Shrine (京都ゑびす神社, Kyōto Webisu Jinja),[1] and name of the beer Yebisu (ヱビス), which is actually pronounced "Ebisu". The Japanese title of the Rebuild of Evangelion series is Evangelion: New Theatrical Edition (ヱヴァンゲリヲン新劇場版, Wevangeriwon Shin Gekijōban). Katakana ヱ is sometimes written with a dakuten, ヹ, to represent a /ve/ sound in foreign words; however, most IMEs lack a convenient way to write this, and the combination ヴェ is far more common.

Hiragana ゑ is still used in several Okinawan orthographies for the syllable /we/. In the Ryūkyū University system, ゑ is also combined with a small ぃ (ゑぃ/ヱィ), to represent the sound /wi/. Katakana ヱ is used in Ainu for /we/.

Stroke order

Sign in Tokyo reading ゑびす (Webisu...)
Stroke order of both ゑ and ヱ
Animated Diagram
Animated gif showing the stroke order. The character is drawn similarly to the Arabic numeral '3', before a small loop is formed at the base of the character, and a small, squashed and italicised 'm' is drawn below as a base.
Stroke order in writing ゑ
Diagram showing the stroke order of the character: on the left, the finished character; on the right, a grayed-out version with small red arrows showing the stroke order, with a green dot showing the beginning point of the stroke.
Stroke order in writing ゑ
Animated gif showing the stroke order. The character begins with a stroke resembling a squashed version of the Arabic numeral '7', before a separate vertical line is drawn separately beneath it, and a horizontal line forming the base of the character drawn below it, attached.
Stroke order in writing ヱ
Diagram showing the stroke order of the character: on the left, the finished character; on the right, a grayed-out version with small red arrows showing the stroke order, with green dots showing the beginning points of each stroke.
Stroke order in writing ヱ

The hiragana ゑ is made with one stroke. It resembles a hiragana る that continues with a double-humped ん shape underneath.

The katakana ヱ is made with three strokes:

  1. A horizontal line that hooks down and to the left.
  2. A vertical line, just grazing the end of the first stroke.
  3. A long horizontal line across the bottom.

Other communicative representations

  • Full Braille representation
ゑ / ヱ in Japanese Braille
ゑ / ヱ
we		 ヹ
ve		 ゑい / ヱー
wē/wei		 ヹー
vē/vei
⠖ (braille pattern dots-235) ⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)⠖ (braille pattern dots-235) ⠖ (braille pattern dots-235)⠒ (braille pattern dots-25) ⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)⠖ (braille pattern dots-235)⠒ (braille pattern dots-25)
Character information
Preview ゑ ヱ 𛅑
Unicode name HIRAGANA LETTER WE KATAKANA LETTER WE HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL WE
Encodings decimal hex dec hex dec hex
Unicode 12433 U+3091 12529 U+30F1 110929 U+1B151
UTF-8 227 130 145 E3 82 91 227 131 177 E3 83 B1 240 155 133 145 F0 9B 85 91
UTF-16 12433 3091 12529 30F1 55340 56657 D82C DD51
Numeric character reference &#12433; &#x3091; &#12529; &#x30F1; &#110929; &#x1B151;
Shift JIS[2] 130 239 82 EF 131 145 83 91
EUC-JP[3] 164 241 A4 F1 165 241 A5 F1
GB 18030[4] 164 241 A4 F1 165 241 A5 F1 147 54 132 51 93 36 84 33
EUC-KR[5] / UHC[6] 170 241 AA F1 171 241 AB F1
Big5 (non-ETEN kana)[7] 198 245 C6 F5 199 171 C7 AB
Big5 (ETEN / HKSCS)[8] 199 120 C7 78 199 237 C7 ED
Character information
Preview 𛅥 ヹ ㋽
Unicode name KATAKANA LETTER SMALL WE KATAKANA LETTER VE CIRCLED KATAKANA WE
Encodings decimal hex dec hex dec hex
Unicode 110949 U+1B165 12537 U+30F9 13053 U+32FD
UTF-8 240 155 133 165 F0 9B 85 A5 227 131 185 E3 83 B9 227 139 189 E3 8B BD
UTF-16 55340 56677 D82C DD65 12537 30F9 13053 32FD
Numeric character reference &#110949; &#x1B165; &#12537; &#x30F9; &#13053; &#x32FD;
Shift JIS (KanjiTalk 7)[9] 136 108 88 6C
Shift JIS (JIS X 0213)[10] 132 148 84 94
EUC-JP (JIS X 0213)[11] 167 244 A7 F4
GB 18030[4] 147 54 134 51 93 36 86 33 129 57 167 55 81 39 A7 37

References

  1. ^ 京都ゑびす神社
  2. ^ Unicode Consortium (2015-12-02) [1994-03-08]. "Shift-JIS to Unicode".
  3. ^ Unicode Consortium; IBM. "EUC-JP-2007". International Components for Unicode.
  4. ^ a b Standardization Administration of China (SAC) (2005-11-18). GB 18030-2005: Information Technology—Chinese coded character set.
  5. ^ Unicode Consortium; IBM. "IBM-970". International Components for Unicode.
  6. ^ Steele, Shawn (2000). "cp949 to Unicode table". Microsoft / Unicode Consortium.
  7. ^ Unicode Consortium (2015-12-02) [1994-02-11]. "BIG5 to Unicode table (complete)".
  8. ^ van Kesteren, Anne. "big5". Encoding Standard. WHATWG.
  9. ^ Apple Computer (2005-04-05) [1995-04-15]. "Map (external version) from Mac OS Japanese encoding to Unicode 2.1 and later". Unicode Consortium.
  10. ^ Project X0213 (2009-05-03). "Shift_JIS-2004 (JIS X 0213:2004 Appendix 1) vs Unicode mapping table".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ Project X0213 (2009-05-03). "EUC-JIS-2004 (JIS X 0213:2004 Appendix 3) vs Unicode mapping table".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

See also

Look up ゑ or ヱ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to ゑ.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to ヱ.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=We_(kana)&oldid=1162974720"