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Taj Al-ʿArus min Jawahir Al-Qamus (تَاج العَرُوس مِن جَوَاهِر القَامُوس, short title Taj al-ʿArus; "The Bride's Crown from the Pearls of al-Qāmūs") is an Arabic language dictionary written by the Egyptian scholar Murtada al-Zabidi (Arabic: محمد مرتضى الحسيني الزبيدي; 1732–1790), one of the foremost philologists of the Arab post-classical era. The monumental dictionary contains around 120,000 definitions, and is an expansion of Fairuzabadi's earlier Qamus Al-Muhit and Ibn Manzur's Lisan al-Arab.^[1] It is considered the largest Arabic dictionary ever written in history.^[2]

Begun in 1760, when al-Zabidi was 29 years old, the dictionary took him fourteen years to complete; he concluded it on the eighth of September 1774.^[1] The dictionary's introduction included a lengthy commentary on the dictionary of Fairuzabadi.^[1]^[3]

Zabidi's chose a feminine subject in the title of his dictionary in commemoration of his deceased wife; he made use of antecedents, particularly Fairuzabadi's Qamus and Ibn Manzur's Lisan al-Arab, and undertook multiple travels and meetings to validate his work.^[4] He expanded previous word definitions, added new entries, and corrected errors found in previous lexicographic works.^[5]

Zabidi's extensive bibliography numbered 115 consulted sources, including ones on Hadith and history. He also gave credit to previously^[when?] unnamed authors.^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Reichmuth, Stefan (2009-05-04). The World of Murtada Al-Zabidi: 1732-91 Life, Networks and Writings. Gibb Memorial Trust. pp. 54–59. ISBN 9781909724723.
^ Stefan Reichmuth, Jörn Rüsen (2012). Humanism and Muslim Culture: Historical Heritage and Contemporary Challenges. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 121. ISBN 9783899719376.
^ Taj al-Arus min Jawahir al-Qamus تاج العروس من جواهر القاموس (in Arabic). Dar Sader. 2011. ISBN 9789953132563.
^ al-Musawi, Muhsin J. (2015-04-15). The Medieval Islamic Republic of Letters: Arabic Knowledge Construction. University of Notre Dame Pess. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-268-15801-9.
^ Gouws, Rufus; Heid, Ulrich; Schweickard, Wolfgang; Wiegand, Herbert Ernst (2008-07-14). Wörterbücher / Dictionaries / Dictionnaires. 3. Teilband. Walter de Gruyter. p. 2443. ISBN 978-3-11-020339-4.
^ El-Shamsy, Ahmed (2020-02-11). Rediscovering the Islamic Classics: How Editors and Print Culture Transformed an Intellectual Tradition. Princeton University Press. pp. 57–58. ISBN 978-0-691-20124-5.

[:0-1] Reichmuth, Stefan (2009-05-04). The World of Murtada Al-Zabidi: 1732-91 Life, Networks and Writings. Gibb Memorial Trust. pp. 54–59. ISBN 9781909724723.

[2] Stefan Reichmuth, Jörn Rüsen (2012). Humanism and Muslim Culture: Historical Heritage and Contemporary Challenges. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 121. ISBN 9783899719376.

[3] Taj al-Arus min Jawahir al-Qamus تاج العروس من جواهر القاموس (in Arabic). Dar Sader. 2011. ISBN 9789953132563.

[4] -Musawi, Muhsin J. (2015-04-15). The Medieval Islamic Republic of Letters: Arabic Knowledge Construction. University of Notre Dame Pess. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-268-15801-9.

[5] Gouws, Rufus; Heid, Ulrich; Schweickard, Wolfgang; Wiegand, Herbert Ernst (2008-07-14). Wörterbücher / Dictionaries / Dictionnaires. 3. Teilband. Walter de Gruyter. p. 2443. ISBN 978-3-11-020339-4.

[6] El-Shamsy, Ahmed (2020-02-11). Rediscovering the Islamic Classics: How Editors and Print Culture Transformed an Intellectual Tradition. Princeton University Press. pp. 57–58. ISBN 978-0-691-20124-5.

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 {{Italic title}}
-'''''Taj Al-ʿArus min Jawahir Al-Qamus''''' ({{Lang|Ar|تَاج العَرُوس مِن جَوَاهِر القَامُوس}},  short title '''''Taj al-ʿArus;''''' "The Bride's Crown from the Pearls of [[Firuzabadi|al-Qāmūs]]") is an [[List of Arabic dictionaries|Arabic language dictionary]] written by the [[Egyptians|Egyptian]] scholar [[Murtada al-Zabidi]] ({{Lang-ar|محمد مرتضى الحسيني الزبيدي}}; 1732–1790), one of the foremost [[Philology|philologists]] of the [[Islamic Golden Age|Arab post-classical era]]. The monumental dictionary contains around 120,000 definitions, and is an expansion of [[Fairuzabadi]]'s earlier ''Qamus Al-Muhit'' and [[Ibn Manzur]]'s ''[[Lisan al-Arab]]''.<ref name=":0" /> Begun in 1760, when al-Zabidi was 29 years old, the dictionary took him fourteen years to complete; he concluded it on the eighth of September 1774.<ref name=":0" />
+'''''Taj Al-ʿArus min Jawahir Al-Qamus''''' ({{Lang|Ar|تَاج العَرُوس مِن جَوَاهِر القَامُوس}},  short title '''''Taj al-ʿArus;''''' "The Bride's Crown from the Pearls of [[Firuzabadi|al-Qāmūs]]") is an [[List of Arabic dictionaries|Arabic language dictionary]] written by the [[Egyptians|Egyptian]] scholar [[Murtada al-Zabidi]] ({{Lang-ar|محمد مرتضى الحسيني الزبيدي}}; 1732–1790), one of the foremost [[Philology|philologists]] of the [[Islamic Golden Age|Arab post-classical era]]. The monumental dictionary contains around 120,000 definitions, and is an expansion of [[Fairuzabadi]]'s earlier ''Qamus Al-Muhit'' and [[Ibn Manzur]]'s ''[[Lisan al-Arab]]''.<ref name=":0" /> It is considered the largest Arabic dictionary ever written in history.<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Stefan Reichmuth (academic)|Stefan Reichmuth]], [[w:De:Jörn Rüsen|Jörn Rüsen]]|title=Humanism and Muslim Culture: Historical Heritage and Contemporary Challenges|publisher=[[Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht]]|date=2012|isbn=9783899719376|page=121}}</ref>
-The dictionary's introduction included a lengthy commentary on the dictionary of Fairuzabadi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Reichmuth |first=Stefan |author-link=Stefan Reichmuth (academic) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UYaCBAAAQBAJ |title=The World of Murtada Al-Zabidi: 1732-91 Life, Networks and Writings |date=2009-05-04 |publisher=Gibb Memorial Trust |isbn=9781909724723 |pages=54–59 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Taj al-Arus min Jawahir al-Qamus تاج العروس من جواهر القاموس |publisher=Dar Sader |year=2011 |isbn=9789953132563 |language=ar}}</ref>
+Begun in 1760, when al-Zabidi was 29 years old, the dictionary took him fourteen years to complete; he concluded it on the eighth of September 1774.<ref name=":0" /> The dictionary's introduction included a lengthy commentary on the dictionary of Fairuzabadi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Reichmuth |first=Stefan |author-link=Stefan Reichmuth (academic) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UYaCBAAAQBAJ |title=The World of Murtada Al-Zabidi: 1732-91 Life, Networks and Writings |date=2009-05-04 |publisher=Gibb Memorial Trust |isbn=9781909724723 |pages=54–59 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Taj al-Arus min Jawahir al-Qamus تاج العروس من جواهر القاموس |publisher=Dar Sader |year=2011 |isbn=9789953132563 |language=ar}}</ref>
 Zabidi's chose a feminine subject in the title of his dictionary in commemoration of his deceased wife; he made use of antecedents, particularly [[Fairuzabadi|Fairuzabadi's ''Qamus'']] and [[Ibn Manzur]]'s ''[[Lisan al-Arab]]'', and undertook multiple travels and meetings to validate his work.<ref>{{Cite book |last=al-Musawi |first=Muhsin J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bFUFDgAAQBAJ |title=The Medieval Islamic Republic of Letters: Arabic Knowledge Construction |date=2015-04-15 |publisher=University of Notre Dame Pess |isbn=978-0-268-15801-9 |pages=84 |language=en}}</ref> He expanded previous word definitions, added new entries, and corrected errors found in previous lexicographic works.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Gouws |first1=Rufus |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zogA_dCx6e4C&pg=PA2443 |title=Wörterbücher / Dictionaries / Dictionnaires. 3. Teilband |last2=Heid |first2=Ulrich |last3=Schweickard |first3=Wolfgang |last4=Wiegand |first4=Herbert Ernst |date=2008-07-14 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-020339-4 |pages=2443 |language=en}}</ref>