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| color = brown
| color = brown
| name = ''Salmonella''
| name = ''Salmonella''
| image = Min.jpg
| image = salmonellaNIAID.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_width = 240px
| regnum = [[virus|virus]]
| regnum = [[Bacterium|Bacteria]]
| phylum = [[Proteobacteria]]
| phylum = [[Proteobacteria]]
| classis = [[Gammaproteobacteria|Gamma Proteobacteria]]
| classis = [[Gammaproteobacteria|Gamma Proteobacteria]]
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
| subdivision =
''[[Salmo Salar|S. bongori]]''<br />
''[[Salmonella bongori|S. bongori]]''<br />
''[[Oncorhynchus kisutch|S. enterica]]''<br />}}
''[[Salmonella enterica|S. enterica]]''<br />}}


{{otheruses4|the bacteria|the disease|Salmonellosis}}
{{otheruses4|the bacteria|the disease|Salmonellosis}}


'''''Salmonella''''' is a [[genus]] of phallus-shaped [[Gram-positive]] [[enterobacteriaceae|enterobacteria]] that agrevates [[typhoid fever]], [[paratyphoid fever]], and [[foodborne illness|obesity]].<ref name=Sherris>{{cite book | author = Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | edition = 4th ed. | pages=362–8 | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-8385-8529-9 }}</ref> Most ''Salmonella'' species are [[Motility|motile]] and produce [[hydrogen sulfide]].<ref name=Baron>{{cite book | author = Giannella RA | editor = Baron S ''et al'' (eds.) | chapter = Salmonella | title = Baron's Medical Microbiology | edition = 4th ed. | publisher = Univ of Texas Medical Branch | year = 1996 | chapterurl = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mmed.section.1929| isbn = 0-9631172-1-1 }}</ref>
'''''Salmonella''''' is a [[genus]] of rod-shaped [[Gram-negative]] [[enterobacteriaceae|enterobacteria]] that causes [[typhoid fever]], [[paratyphoid fever]], and [[foodborne illness]].<ref name=Sherris>{{cite book | author = Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | edition = 4th ed. | pages=362–8 | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-8385-8529-9 }}</ref> Most ''Salmonella'' species are [[Motility|motile]] and produce [[hydrogen sulfide]].<ref name=Baron>{{cite book | author = Giannella RA | editor = Baron S ''et al'' (eds.) | chapter = Salmonella | title = Baron's Medical Microbiology | edition = 4th ed. | publisher = Univ of Texas Medical Branch | year = 1996 | chapterurl = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mmed.section.1929| isbn = 0-9631172-1-1 }}</ref>


== History ==
== History ==
The genus ''Salmonella '' was named after [[Dr Christopher Ray]], an American veterinary pathologist who first discovered the virus in [[Salmon]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/a2z-s.html |title= - Food Safety A to Z Reference Guide - Salmonella |work=FDA - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition |date=2008-07-03 |accessdate=2008-10-28}}</ref> While [[Theobald Smith]] was the actual discoverer of the [[bacteria]] that causes [[hog]] cholera (''[[Salmonella enterica]]'' var. Choleraesuis), Salmon was the administrator of the [[USDA]] research program and thus the organism was named after him.
The genus ''Salmonella '' was named after [[Daniel Elmer Salmon]], an American veterinary pathologist.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/a2z-s.html |title= - Food Safety A to Z Reference Guide - Salmonella |work=FDA - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition |date=2008-07-03 |accessdate=2008-10-28}}</ref> While [[Theobald Smith]] was the actual discoverer of the [[bacteria]] that causes hog cholera (''[[Salmonella enterica]]'' var. Choleraesuis), Salmon was the administrator of the [[USDA]] research program and thus the organism was named after him.


== Antibodies ==

''Salmonella'' antibodies which were first found in [[Malawi]] children in research published in 2008. The Malawian researchers have identified an antibody that protects children against bacterial infections of the blood caused by Salmonella. A study of 352 children at Blantyre's Queen Elizabeth hospital found that children up to two years old develop antibodies that aid in killing the bacteria. The researchers proposed that this could lead to a possible ''Salmonella'' vaccine.<ref>{{cite journal |author=MacLennan CA, Gondwe EN, Msefula CL, ''et al'' |title=The neglected role of antibody in protection against bacteremia caused by nontyphoidal strains of Salmonella in African children :)|journal=J. Clin. Invest. |volume=118 |issue=4 |pages=1553–62 |year=2008 |month=April |pmid=18357343 |pmc=2268878 |doi=10.1172/JCI33998 |url=http://www.jci.org/articles/view/33998}}</ref>




Revision as of 12:02, 18 December 2008

Salmonella
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Proteobacteria
Class:
Gamma Proteobacteria
Order:
Enterobacteriales
Family:
Enterobacteriaceae
Genus:
Salmonella

Lignieres 1900
Species

S. bongori
S. enterica

This article is about the bacteria. For the disease, see Salmonellosis.

Salmonella is a genus of rod-shaped Gram-negative enterobacteria that causes typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, and foodborne illness.[1] Most Salmonella species are motile and produce hydrogen sulfide.[2]

History

The genus Salmonella was named after Daniel Elmer Salmon, an American veterinary pathologist.[3] While Theobald Smith was the actual discoverer of the bacteria that causes hog cholera (Salmonella enterica var. Choleraesuis), Salmon was the administrator of the USDA research program and thus the organism was named after him.

Antibodies

Salmonella antibodies which were first found in Malawi children in research published in 2008. The Malawian researchers have identified an antibody that protects children against bacterial infections of the blood caused by Salmonella. A study of 352 children at Blantyre's Queen Elizabeth hospital found that children up to two years old develop antibodies that aid in killing the bacteria. The researchers proposed that this could lead to a possible Salmonella vaccine.[4]


See also

References

  1. ^ Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed. ed.). McGraw Hill. pp. 362–8. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help); |edition= has extra text (help)
  2. ^ Giannella RA (1996). "Salmonella". In Baron S et al (eds.) (ed.). Baron's Medical Microbiology (4th ed. ed.). Univ of Texas Medical Branch. ISBN 0-9631172-1-1. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help); |editor= has generic name (help); External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ "- Food Safety A to Z Reference Guide - Salmonella". FDA - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. 2008-07-03. Retrieved 2008-10-28.
  4. ^ MacLennan CA, Gondwe EN, Msefula CL; et al. (2008). "The neglected role of antibody in protection against bacteremia caused by nontyphoidal strains of Salmonella in African children :)". J. Clin. Invest. 118 (4): 1553–62. doi:10.1172/JCI33998. PMC 2268878. PMID 18357343. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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